Apt は正常にインストールされますが、dpkg を直接使用すると失敗します。

Apt は正常にインストールされますが、dpkg を直接使用すると失敗します。

ウェブ検索で、aptを使用するとdpkgが失敗するリンクが見つかりました。apt-get と dpkg の違いは何ですか?受け入れられた回答は次のように述べています:

apt-get は dpkg を使用して実際のパッケージのインストールを行います。

dpkg -i /path/*.debのインストール時にエラーが発生する状況に遭遇しました。bless再現を試みました。liveUSB (Linux Mint 20.2) から起動して同様のエラーが発生しましたが、liveUSB を起動して を使用すると、インストールは正常に完了しました。でダウンロードしたapt install blessのリストを確認しました。リストには、 経由でインストールしようとしたファイルと同じファイル (少なくとも で名前が付けられ、最近 で取得したもの) が含まれていました。を直接使用するとインストールに失敗するのに対し、では正常にインストールされるのはなぜですか? 経由でいくつかのパッケージをインストールしましたが、失敗しました。debsaptdebsdpkgapt install -ddpkgaptdpkgapt install -ddpkg -i /path/*.debbless

両方の方法の出力は次のとおりです。

DPKG が失敗します:

mint@mint:~$ sudo dpkg -i /home/mint/Downloads/*.deb
Selecting previously unselected package binfmt-support.
(Reading database ... 282124 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../binfmt-support_2.2.0-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package bless.
Preparing to unpack .../bless_0.6.0-7_all.deb ...
Unpacking bless (0.6.0-7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-mono.
dpkg: regarding .../ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb containing ca-certificates-mono, pre-dependency problem:
 ca-certificates-mono pre-depends on mono-runtime-common (>= 5.20)
  mono-runtime-common is not installed.

dpkg: error processing archive /home/mint/Downloads/ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb (--install):
 pre-dependency problem - not installing ca-certificates-mono
Selecting previously unselected package cli-common.
Preparing to unpack .../cli-common_0.10_all.deb ...
Unpacking cli-common (0.10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgdiplus.
Preparing to unpack .../libgdiplus_6.0.4+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2-0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libglade2-0_1%3a2.6.4-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libglade2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglib2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libglib2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgtk2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libgtk2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgtk2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-cairo4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-cairo4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-corlib4.5-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-corlib4.5-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-i18n4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-i18n4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-posix4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-posix4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-core4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-core4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-xml4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-xml4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-4.0-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-4.0-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-common.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-runtime-common_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-sgen.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-runtime-sgen_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-runtime_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
update-binfmts: warning: /usr/share/binfmts/cli: no executable /usr/bin/cli found, but continuing anyway as you request
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/binfmt-support.service → /lib/systemd/system/binfmt-support.service.
Setting up cli-common (0.10) ...
Setting up libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/mono to provide /usr/bin/cli (cli) in auto mode
Setting up libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...

Unhandled Exception:
System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Sys' threw an exception. ---> System.DllNotFoundException: System.Native assembly:<unknown assembly> type:<unknown type> member:(null)
  at (wrapper managed-to-native) Interop+Sys.LChflagsCanSetHiddenFlag()
  at Interop+Sys..cctor () [0x00000] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
  at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath, System.Int32 fileType, Interop+ErrorInfo& errorInfo) [0x0000f] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
  at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath) [0x00006] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
  at System.IO.File.Exists (System.String path) [0x00058] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
  at Mono.Tools.Driver.LoadConfig (System.Boolean quiet) [0x00031] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0 
  at Mono.Tools.Driver.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00347] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0 
[ERROR] FATAL UNHANDLED EXCEPTION: System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Sys' threw an exception. ---> System.DllNotFoundException: System.Native assembly:<unknown assembly> type:<unknown type> member:(null)
  at (wrapper managed-to-native) Interop+Sys.LChflagsCanSetHiddenFlag()
  at Interop+Sys..cctor () [0x00000] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
  at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath, System.Int32 fileType, Interop+ErrorInfo& errorInfo) [0x0000f] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
  at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath) [0x00006] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
  at System.IO.File.Exists (System.String path) [0x00058] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0 
  at Mono.Tools.Driver.LoadConfig (System.Boolean quiet) [0x00031] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0 
  at Mono.Tools.Driver.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00347] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0 
E: installing Assembly /usr/share/cli-common/policies.d/libglib2.0-cil/policy.2.8.glib-sharp.dll failed
E: Installation of policy.2.8.glib-sharp with /usr/share/cli-common/runtimes.d/mono failed
dpkg: error processing package libglib2.0-cil (--install):
 installed libglib2.0-cil package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgtk2.0-cil:
 libgtk2.0-cil depends on libglib2.0-cil (= 2.12.40-3); however:
  Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package libgtk2.0-cil (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of bless:
 bless depends on libglib2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
  Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
 bless depends on libgtk2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
  Package libgtk2.0-cil is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package bless (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglade2.0-cil:
 libglade2.0-cil depends on libglib2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
  Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
 libglade2.0-cil depends on libgtk2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
  Package libgtk2.0-cil is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package libglade2.0-cil (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gacutil to provide /usr/bin/cli-gacutil (global-assembly-cache-tool) in auto mode
Setting up mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24+linuxmint1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.29.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /home/mint/Downloads/ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb
 libglib2.0-cil
 libgtk2.0-cil
 bless
 libglade2.0-cil

APT 経由でインストール OK (-d オプションで既にダウンロード済み)

mint@mint:~/Downloads$ sudo apt install bless
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binfmt-support ca-certificates-mono cli-common libgdiplus libglade2-0
  libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libgtk2.0-cil libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil
  libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.5-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil
  libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil
  libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil
  libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil
  libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil
  libmono-system4.0-cil mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mono-runtime-common
  mono-runtime-sgen
Suggested packages:
  monodoc-gtk2.0-manual libmono-i18n4.0-all libgamin0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binfmt-support bless ca-certificates-mono cli-common libgdiplus libglade2-0
  libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libgtk2.0-cil libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil
  libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.5-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil
  libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil
  libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil
  libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil
  libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil
  libmono-system4.0-cil mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mono-runtime-common
  mono-runtime-sgen
0 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/8195 kB of archives.
After this operation, 29.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-sgen.
(Reading database ... 282124 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-mono-runtime-sgen_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../01-mono-runtime_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-corlib4.5-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../02-libmono-corlib4.5-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-core4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libmono-system-core4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb .
..
Unpacking libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.d
eb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-xml4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libmono-system-xml4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ..
.
Unpacking libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../06-libmono-system-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.d
eb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_
all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libmono-system4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../09-libmono-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-4.0-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../10-mono-4.0-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../11-mono-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-common.
Preparing to unpack .../12-mono-runtime-common_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/mono to provide /usr/bin/cli (cli) in auto m
ode
Setting up libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gacutil to provide /usr/bin/cli-gacutil (global-assembly-cache-tool) in auto mode
Setting up mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-mono.
(Reading database ... 282258 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking ca-certificates-mono (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package binfmt-support.
Preparing to unpack .../01-binfmt-support_2.2.0-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cli-common.
Preparing to unpack .../02-cli-common_0.10_all.deb ...
Unpacking cli-common (0.10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2-0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libglade2-0_1%3a2.6.4-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglib2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libglib2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-cairo4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libmono-cairo4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgdiplus.
Preparing to unpack .../06-libgdiplus_6.0.4+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgtk2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libgtk2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgtk2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
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Unpacking libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
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Unpacking bless (0.6.0-7) ...
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Unpacking libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up ca-certificates-mono (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up cli-common (0.10) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/binfmt-support.service → /lib/systemd/system/binfmt-support.service.
Setting up libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
* Installing 1 assembly from libglib2.0-cil into Mono
Setting up libgtk2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
* Installing 5 assemblies from libgtk2.0-cil into Mono
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.29.1) ...
Setting up libglade2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
* Installing 1 assembly from libglade2.0-cil into Mono
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24+linuxmint1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20210119~20.04.1) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...

done.
Updating Mono key store
Mono Certificate Store Sync - version 6.8.0.105
Populate Mono certificate store from a concatenated list of certificates.
Copyright 2002, 2003 Motus Technologies. Copyright 2004-2008 Novell. BSD licensed.

Importing into legacy system store:
I already trust 0, your new list has 129
Certificate added: CN=ACCVRAIZ1, OU=PKIACCV, O=ACCV, C=ES
Certificate added: C=ES, O=FNMT-RCM, OU=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM
Certificate added: C=IT, L=Milan, O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967, CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=AffirmTrust, CN=AffirmTrust Commercial
  .... many lines / SE indicated body of the question is too long
    Certificate added: C=IN, OU=emSign PKI, O=eMudhra Technologies Limited, CN=emSign Root CA - G1
    129 new root certificates were added to your trust store.
    Import process completed.
    Done
    done.
    Setting up bless (0.6.0-7) ...

答え1

dpkg -iコマンドラインで指定された順序で、すべてのパッケージ ファイルを処理しようとします。glob 展開 ( *) を使用しましたが、これは通常、アルファベット順を意味します。ただし、これらのメッセージからわかるように、パッケージの依存関係により、特定の順序でインストールする必要があります。

ca-certificates-mono pre-depends on mono-runtime-common (>= 5.20)
  mono-runtime-common is not installed.

bless depends on libglib2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
 Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
bless depends on libgtk2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
 Package libgtk2.0-cil is not configured yet.

で直接インストールする場合はdpkg、依存関係を調べて適切な順序を自分で決める必要があります。 が aptそれをすべて処理します。

答え2

aptまたはについてはよく知りません。しかし、これらが やと動作dpkgが似ている場合、問題は依存関係が欠落していることです。「失敗した」出力から: `dpkg: ca-certificates-mono を含む .../ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb に関して、事前依存関係の問題: ca-certificates-mono は mono-runtime-common (>= 5.20) に事前依存しており、mono-runtime-common がインストールされていません。rpmyum

dpkg: アーカイブ /home/mint/Downloads/ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb の処理中にエラーが発生しました (--install): 事前依存関係の問題 - ca-certificates-mono をインストールしていません`

そして、あなたの成功した出力から:
The following additional packages will be installed:

dpkgrpm選択されたパッケージのインストールのみを試行し、依存関係が不足している場合は失敗するようです。一方apt、は、yum不足している依存関係をインストールしようとします。

答え3

@JigglyNaga の回答で問題が説明されています。 を続行する場合はdpkg -i、依存関係を手動で調べる以外に、dpkg -i filesエラーを修正した後にを使用しapt-get -f install、再度dpkg -i filesを実行してインストールを完了することができます (少なくとも、質問の特定の問題に関しては成功しました)。

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