表や通常のテキストの上に図や注釈を重ねる

Question

さて、テーブルに関する別の例です (シリーズ化すべきかもしれません)。

ということで、表を中括弧でうまくまとめました（以前の質問）。

コードについてはリンクをたどってください。

新しい質問は、テーブルや tex などに注釈 (おそらく tikz を使用) を重ねることに関するものです。次のようになります。

隣接する表にある対応する値の間を読者が追跡できるようにするための薄い線です。これは、類似点と相違点を比較対照する場合に特に便利です。

ここでは、tikz のみの環境で線を描くのがいかに簡単かを示す簡単な例をいくつか示します。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,xcolor}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\tikzstyle{block} = [draw, rectangle, 
    minimum height=2.5em, text centered, 
    text width=1.9em]

  \node[block,                    ] (A) {$A$};
  \node[block, below=+1.000cm of A] (B) {$B$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of A] (C) {$C$};
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of B] (D) {$D$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of C] (E) {$E$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of D] (F) {$F$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of E] (G) {$G$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of F] (H) {$H$}; 
  \draw[-,dotted,thick,       color={black!40!white}] (A) -- (B);
  \draw[-,dotted,thick,       color={black!40!white}] (C) -- (D);
  \draw[-,dotted,thick,       color={black!40!white}] (E) -- (F);
  \draw[-,dotted,thick,       color={black!40!white}] (G) -- (H);

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\tikzstyle{block} = [draw, rectangle, 
    minimum height=2.5em, text centered, 
    text width=1.9em]

  \node[block,                    ] (A) {$A$};
  \node[block, below=+1.000cm of A] (B) {$B$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of A] (C) {$C$};
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of B] (D) {$D$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of C] (E) {$E$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of D] (F) {$F$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of E] (G) {$G$}; 
  \node[block, right=-0.015cm of F] (H) {$H$}; 
  \draw[-,line width=+0.916cm,color={black!20!white}] (A) -- (B);
  \draw[-,line width=+0.916cm,color={black!20!white}] (E) -- (F);

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

あるいは単純に:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,xcolor}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block} = [draw, rectangle, 
    minimum height=2.5em, text centered, 
    text width=1.9em]

\begin{tikzpicture}

  \node[block,               ] (A) {$A$};
  \node[block, below=1cm of A] (B) {$B$}; 
  \draw[-,dotted,thick,      color={black!40!white}] (A) -- (B);

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}

  \node[block,               ] (A) {$A$};
  \node[block, below=1cm of A] (B) {$B$}; 
  \draw[-,line width=0.916cm,color={black!40!white}] (A) -- (B);

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

     

最初から tikz でテーブルを作成すべきだったかもしれませんが、テーブルがすでに用意されている場合や、何らかの理由で特定の方法で実行する必要がある場合があります。とにかく、問題は、注釈を、ページ上にすでにあるものの上に重ねることです (前後ではなく)。

Answer 1

騙されたと思うよ。私の答えの根拠となるコードは David からのものではありません。複雑でもなく、 も含まれていませんz。これを修正するには、 を使って少し複雑なものを追加します\Z。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}
\usepackage{eso-pic}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
$\left\{
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
\begin{center}
\tikzmarknode{tab1}{\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\ 
\hline 
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
\hline 
\end{tabular}}
\end{center}
\caption{Table \#1}

\begin{center}
\tikzmarknode{tab2}{\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\ 
\hline 
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
\hline 
\end{tabular}}%
\end{center}
\caption{Table \#2}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%

\begin{center}
\tikzmarknode{tab3}{\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\ 
\hline 
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
\hline 
\end{tabular}}
\end{center}
\caption{Table \#3}

\begin{center}
\tikzmarknode{tab4}{\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\ 
\hline 
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
\hline 
a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
\hline 
\end{tabular}}%
\end{center}
\caption{Table \#4}
\end{minipage}
\right\}$
\end{table}
\AddToShipoutPictureBG*{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\foreach \Z in {1,3} {% <- this \Z is dedicated to David Carlisle
 \path (tab\Z.south west) -- (tab\Z.south east) foreach \X in {0,...,8} 
 {coordinate[pos=\X/8] (p\Z-\X)};
 \foreach \X  in {0,2,4,6} 
 {\fill[gray!20] (p\Z-\X) rectangle
 (p\Z-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax|-tab\the\numexpr\Z+1\relax.north);}
}
\end{tikzpicture}}
\end{document}

これもただの楽しみです。手で1、、などを入力するのに飽きたら、Tiに尋ねてみましょう。2abけヘルプはZで。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,matrix,backgrounds,decorations.pathreplacing}
\newcounter{dummy}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[mymat/.style={matrix of nodes,nodes in empty cells,
 cells={nodes={draw,minimum width=1.8em,text height=1em,text
 depth=0.5ex}},
 column sep=-\pgflinewidth,row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
 row 1/.style={nodes={execute at begin node={%
 \setcounter{dummy}{\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn}\alph{dummy}}}},
 row 2/.style={nodes={execute at begin node={%
 \the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn}}},
 row 3/.style={nodes={execute at begin node={%
 \setcounter{dummy}{\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn}\alph{dummy}}}}}]
 \node[mymat] (mat1){
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 };
 \node[below=1ex of mat1,text width=10em] (cap1) {\caption{Table \#1.}};
 \node[mymat,below=6em of mat1] (mat2){
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 };
 \node[below=1em of mat2,text width=10em] (cap2) {\caption{Table \#2.}};
 \node[mymat,right=4em of mat1] (mat3){
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 };
 \node[below=1ex of mat3,text width=10em] (cap3) {\caption{Table \#3.}};
 \node[mymat,below=6em of mat3] (mat4){
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 & & & & & & & \\
 };
 \node[below=1em of mat4,text width=10em] (cap4) {\caption{Table \#4.}};
 \draw[thick,decoration={brace,mirror},decorate] (mat1.north west) --
    (mat2.west|-cap2.south);
 \draw[thick,decoration={brace},decorate] (mat3.north east) -- 
    (mat4.east|-cap4.south);
 \begin{scope}[on background layer]
 \foreach \X in {1,3,5,7}
  {\fill[gray!20] (mat1-3-\X.south west) rectangle (mat2-1-\X.north east);
  \fill[gray!20] (mat3-3-\X.south west) rectangle (mat4-1-\X.north east);}
 \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[hscale=0.65]{geometry} % enlarge margins a little bit for the example
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, fit, matrix, positioning}

\newdimen\mytableswidth

\tikzset{my matrix of nodes/.style={
           inner sep=0, row sep=-\pgflinewidth, column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
           execute at begin cell=\node\bgroup\strut,
           execute at end cell=\egroup;,
           nodes={draw, anchor=base,
                  minimum width=
                    \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/matrix separator/minimum width},
                  minimum height=1cm}
         },
         matrix separator/.style={
           every node/.style={
             minimum width=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/matrix separator/minimum width},
             minimum height=2.5cm
           },
           every odd column/.style={nodes={draw=white, fill={gray!30}}},
           every even column/.style={nodes={draw=white}},
           execute at empty cell={\node {};}
         }
}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[matrix separator/minimum width/.initial=0.7cm]
\matrix[my matrix of nodes, name=A, matrix anchor=south]
{
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
  1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
};

\matrix[my matrix of nodes, name=sep, below, matrix separator]
{   &   &   &   &   &   &   &  \\};

\matrix[my matrix of nodes, name=B, below=0pt of sep]
{
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
  1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
};

% This:
\path let \p1=($(A.east)-(A.west)$) in \pgfextra{\global\mytableswidth=\x1};
% or \global\mytableswidth=10cm to manually set the width of the caption boxes
\node[text width=\mytableswidth] (caption1) at ([yshift=-\baselineskip]A.south)
  {\caption{Table \#1}};
\node[text width=\mytableswidth] (caption2) at ([yshift=-\baselineskip]B.south)
  {\caption{Table \#2}};

\coordinate (lpadding) at ([xshift=-0.7em]sep.west);
\node[inner sep=0, fit=(A) (sep) (B) (lpadding) (caption1) (caption2),
      left delimiter=\{] {};
\end{tikzpicture}%
%
\hfill
%
\begin{tikzpicture}[matrix separator/minimum width/.initial=0.7cm]
\matrix[my matrix of nodes, name=A, matrix anchor=south]
{
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
  1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
};

\matrix[my matrix of nodes, name=sep, below, matrix separator]
{   &   &   &   &   &   &   &  \\};

\matrix[my matrix of nodes, name=B, below=0pt of sep]
{
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
  1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\
  a & b & c & d & e & f & g & h\\
};

\path let \p1=($(A.east)-(A.west)$) in \pgfextra{\global\mytableswidth=\x1};
\node[text width=\mytableswidth] (caption1) at ([yshift=-\baselineskip]A.south)
  {\caption{Table \#3}};
\node[text width=\mytableswidth] (caption2) at ([yshift=-\baselineskip]B.south)
  {\caption{Table \#4}};

\coordinate (rpadding) at ([xshift=0.7em]sep.east);
\node[inner sep=0, fit=(A) (sep) (B) (rpadding) (caption1) (caption2),
      right delimiter=\}] {};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{table}

\end{document}