下の矢印と目盛り（年）をきれいに修正する方法。また、添付画像に示すように、バーから下の年番号に線を追加する方法。
これが私の結果です。
これが私のコードです
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,titlepage,twoside,final,openany]{book}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta} % Arrows library
\usepackage[pdftex,a4paper=true,pagebackref=false]{hyperref} % with basic options
\usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=4.5cm]{geometry}% Redefine the page margins
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=\textwidth/47] % Adjusted scale
% Draw the horizontal line with an arrow at the end, extending beyond 2040
\draw[thick, -{Triangle[length=3mm, width=2mm]}] (0,0) -- (47,0); % Extend line beyond 2040
% Draw tick marks and label for each year from 1994 to 2040
\foreach \year in {1994,1995,...,2040} {
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xpos}{\year-1994}
\draw (\xpos,0.25) -- (\xpos,-0.25) node[below] {\tiny \year};
}
% Additional gradient bar from 2016 to 2040
\shade[left color=green, right color=red, middle color=yellow] (22,2.6) rectangle (46,3.0);
% Add text inside the additional colored bar
\node[text=black] at (36,2.8) {20neo};
% Red dashed arrow starting at the end of the "A330-900" gradient bar
\draw[dashed, ->, >=latex, line width=0.2cm, draw=red] (46.2,2.8) -- (47.2,2.8);
% Gradient bar from 2020 to 2040
\shade[left color=green, right color=red, middle color=yellow] (26,2) rectangle (46,2.4);
% Add text inside the additional colored bar
\node[text=black] at (36,2.2) {800};
% Red dashed arrow starting at the end of the "A330-800" gradient bar
\draw[dashed, ->, >=latex, line width=0.2cm, draw=red] (46.2,2.2) -- (47.2,2.2);
% Gradient bar from 2018 to 2040
\shade[left color=green, right color=red, middle color=yellow] (24,1.4) rectangle (46,1.8);
% Add text inside the new colored bar
\node[text=black] at (35,1.6) {900};
% Red dashed arrow starting at the end of the "A330-900" gradient bar
\draw[dashed, ->, >=latex, line width=0.2cm, draw=red] (46.2,1.6) -- (47.2,1.6);
% Draw colored bar (red) from 1998 to 2019 for A330-200
\fill[red] (4,0.8) rectangle (25,1.2);
% Add text inside the red colored bar
\node[text=white] at (14.5,1.0) {200};
% Draw a dashed line at the level and height of the red colored bar from 2019 to 2039
\draw[dashed, red, line width=0.4cm] (25,1.0) -- (45,1.0); % Line from 2019 to 2039
% Draw a blue colored bar from 1994 to 2020 above the horizontal line
\fill[blue] (0,0.3) rectangle (26,0.7);
% Add text inside the blue colored bar
\node[text=white] at (13,0.5) {300};
% Draw a dashed blue line from 2020 to 2040 at the level and height of the first colored bar
\draw[dashed, blue, line width=0.4cm] (26,0.5) -- (46,0.5); % Line up to 2040
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答え1
複数の図を描画する場合は、いくつかのキーを使用してハードコードされた値や計算の多くを削除するアプローチをお勧めします。
このyear関数は、年番号の値 2000 を減算するために使用できます。PGFMath 関数は、終点の指定の短縮量を評価して、網掛けされた四角形の終了位置を変更します。
バーを配置する両方のループは 1 つのパスなので、marker背景に描画できます。
コード
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\makeatletter
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{arrowlengthend}{0}{%
\begingroup\nullfont
\pgf@arrow@compute@shortening\pgf@end@tip@sequence
\pgfmath@returnone\pgf@xa\endgroup}
\makeatother
\tikzset{
outer sep=auto,
reset row counter/.code=\setcounter{tikzrowcounter}{0},
increment row/.code=\stepcounter{tikzrowcounter}%
\tikzset{shift=(up:\value{tikzrowcounter})},
edges/.style={every edge/.append style={#1}},
rect to/.style={to path=rectangle(\tikztotarget)\tikztonodes}}
\newcounter{tikzrowcounter}
\tikzset{
bar height/.initial=4mm, % controls the height of the bars
bar/.style={line width=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/bar height}},
bar arrow rect/.style={
draw=none, left color=green, right color=red, middle color=yellow, rect to},
bar arrow style/.style={
nodes=black, bar, -{Latex[red, length=+0pt +2, width=+0pt +1.4]}},
bar dashy/.style={dashed, dash phase=3pt},
bar marker style/.style={arrows=-{Latex[round]}, thick, purple, line to},
%
bar with dash/.style args={#1-#2-#3:#4}{
edges=bar, nodes=white,
insert path={
(year #1, 0) edge[line to] node{#4} (year #2, 0)
(year #2, 0) edge[line to, bar dashy] (year #3, 0)
[bar marker={#1}]}},
bar with tip/.style args={#1-#2:#3}{
bar arrow style, nodes=black,
insert path={
(year #1,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/bar height}/2) edge[bar arrow rect] node{#3}
([xshift=-arrowlengthend]year #2, \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/bar height}/2)
(year #1,0) edge[line to, tips, path only] (year #2, 0)
[bar marker={#1}]}},
bar marker/.style={
insert path={
node[purple!50!black, rotate=90, above, scale=.6] at (year #1, 0) {#1}
[behind path](year #1, -\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/bar height}/2) coordinate(@)
edge[bar marker style={#1}] (@|-start)}},
%
bar diagram/.style={
y=6mm, % controls the distance between rows
declare function={year(\y)=\y-2000;},
reset row counter}} % if you have more than one diagram
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=\textwidth/47, bar diagram]
\draw[thick, -{Triangle[length=3mm, width=2mm]}, shorten <=+-1mm, shorten >=+-4mm]
(year 1994,0) coordinate (start) -- (year 2040,0);
\draw[thin, xstep=1, ystep=0] (year 1994, -1.00mm) grid (year 2040, 1.00mm);
\draw[thin, xstep=5, ystep=0] (year 1994, -2.00mm) grid (year 2040, 2.00mm);
\foreach \y in {1995, 2000, ..., 2040}
\node[below] at (year \y, -2.5mm) {\y};
\path % one path allows us to easily place the marker in the background
% see “behind path” in style “marker”
foreach \c/\t in {blue/1994-2020-2040:300, red/1998-2019-2039:200}{
[increment row, edges=\c, bar with dash/.expand once=\t]
}
foreach \t in {2018-2040:900, 2020-2040:800, 2016-2040:20neo}{
[increment row, bar with tip/.expand once=\t]
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
出力
答え2
矢印を固定するために
shorten >=-4pt下の目盛り（年）は見栄えを良くするために5年ごとに表示することをお勧めします
棒グラフから年番号までの線を追加し、
\draw読みやすさを向上させるために、tikzsetでスタイルを定義することができます。
ループを使うこともできます
最後の小節は簡略化しませんでした...
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta} % Arrows library \begin{document} \tikzset{ myarrow/.style = {thick,-{Triangle[length=3mm, width=2mm]},shorten <=-2pt-\pgflinewidth,}, myshade/.style = {left color=green, right color=red, middle color=yellow}, mytext/.style = {black}, myBigarrow/.style = {->, >=latex, shorten >=-4pt,line width=0.2cm, draw=red}, mymark/.style = {blue}, } \begin{tikzpicture}[x=\textwidth/47] % Adjusted scale % Draw the horizontal line with an arrow at the end, extending beyond 2040 \draw[myarrow] (0,0) -- (47.5,0); %<-- change in 47.5 Extend line beyond 2040 % Draw tick marks and label for each year from 1994 to 2040 \foreach \year in {1994,1995,...,2040} { \pgfmathsetmacro{\xpos}{\year-1994} \draw (\xpos,0.15) -- (\xpos,-0.15); } \foreach \year in {1995,2000,...,2040} { \pgfmathsetmacro{\xpos}{\year-1994} \draw [thick](\xpos,0.25) -- (\xpos,-0.25) node[below] {\tiny \year}; } % Additional gradient bar from 2016 to 2040 \foreach \x/\y/\lib in {22/2.6/20neo,24/1.4/800,26/2/900}% { \shade[myshade] (\x,\y) rectangle (45.4,\y+0.4) node[midway]{\lib}; \draw[myBigarrow] (46.2,\y+0.2) -- +(1,0); \draw [mymark](\x,\y) -- (\x,0); } % Draw colored bar (red) from 1998 to 2019 for A330-200 \fill[red] (4,0.8) rectangle (25,1.2); % Add text inside the red colored bar \node[text=white] at (14.5,1.0) {200}; % Draw a dashed line at the level and height of the red colored bar from 2019 to 2039 \draw[dashed, red, line width=0.4cm] (25,1.0) -- (45,1.0); % Line from 2019 to 2039 % Draw a blue colored bar from 1994 to 2020 above the horizontal line \fill[blue] (0,0.3) rectangle (26,0.7); % Add text inside the blue colored bar \node[text=white] at (13,0.5) {300}; % Draw a dashed blue line from 2020 to 2040 at the level and height of the first colored bar \draw[dashed, blue, line width=0.4cm] (26,0.5) -- (46,0.5); % Line up to 2040 \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}
答え3
やり方は次のとおりです。いくつか注意点があります:
を忘れずに含めるべきだと思います
transform shape。をリファクタリングし
grad、新しいスタイル を追加しましたln。このスタイルでは、垂直線の外観を変えることができます。他のバーを上書きする場合は、最後に垂直線を描画します。年番号の回転について提案しました。
影付きのバーが少し変に見えます。おそらくもっと良い方法があるでしょう。今のところは、長方形のサイズを 0.4cm 小さくして、先端が始まる前に止まるようにしました。先端関連のオプションもリファクタリングすることをお勧めします。
バーの左側を参照するには、 のように座標を覚えておき
\shade[grad] (22,2.6) coordinate (S1) ..、後で使用します。最後に、 のような垂直線をすべて描きます
\draw[ln] (S1) -- +(0,-2.6);。これをループに短縮すると\foreach、次のような値が得られます (指示的)S1*-2.6
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,titlepage,twoside,final,openany]{book}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta} % Arrows library
\usepackage[pdftex,a4paper=true,pagebackref=false]{hyperref} % with basic options
\usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=4.5cm]{geometry}% Redefine the page margins
\begin{document}
% <<< don't forget transform shape ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=\textwidth/47,transform shape, % Adjusted scale
% <<< some refactoring ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
grad/.style={left color=green, right color=red, middle color=yellow},
% <<< new ~~~~~~~~~~~~
ln/.style={dashed,line width=3pt,teal},
]
% Draw the horizontal line with an arrow at the end, extending beyond 2040
\draw[thick, -{Triangle[length=3mm, width=2mm]}] (0,0) -- (47,0); % Extend line beyond 2040
% Draw tick marks and label for each year from 1994 to 2040
\foreach \year in {1994,1995,...,2040} {
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xpos}{\year-1994}
% <<< suggestion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\draw (\xpos,0.25) -- (\xpos,-0.25)
node[anchor=east,rotate=90] {\tiny \year};
}
% Additional gradient bar from 2016 to 2040
% <<< remember left coordinates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\shade[grad] (22,2.6) coordinate (S1) rectangle (45.6,3.0);%<<< suggestion
% Add text inside the additional colored bar
\node[text=black] at (36,2.8) {20neo};
% Red dashed arrow starting at the end of the "A330-900" gradient bar
\draw[dashed, ->, >=latex, line width=0.2cm, draw=red] (46.2,2.8) -- (47.2,2.8);
% Gradient bar from 2020 to 2040
\shade[grad] (26,2) coordinate (S2) rectangle (46,2.4);
% Add text inside the additional colored bar
\node[text=black] at (36,2.2) {800};
% Red dashed arrow starting at the end of the "A330-800" gradient bar
\draw[dashed, ->, >=latex, line width=0.2cm, draw=red] (46.2,2.2) -- (47.2,2.2);
% Gradient bar from 2018 to 2040
\shade[grad] (24,1.4) coordinate (S3) rectangle (46,1.8);
% Add text inside the new colored bar
\node[text=black] at (35,1.6) {900};
% Red dashed arrow starting at the end of the "A330-900" gradient bar
\draw[dashed, ->, >=latex, line width=0.2cm, draw=red] (46.2,1.6) -- (47.2,1.6);
% Draw colored bar (red) from 1998 to 2019 for A330-200
\fill[red] (4,0.8) coordinate (B1) rectangle (25,1.2);
% Add text inside the red colored bar
\node[text=white] at (14.5,1.0) {200};
% Draw a dashed line at the level and height of the red colored bar from 2019 to 2039
\draw[dashed, red, line width=0.4cm] (25,1.0) -- (45,1.0); % Line from 2019 to 2039
% Draw a blue colored bar from 1994 to 2020 above the horizontal line
\fill[blue] (0,0.3) coordinate (B2) rectangle (26,0.7);
% Add text inside the blue colored bar
\node[text=white] at (13,0.5) {300};
% Draw a dashed blue line from 2020 to 2040 at the level and height of the first colored bar
\draw[dashed, blue, line width=0.4cm] (26,0.5) -- (46,0.5); % Line up to 2040
% <<< lines; you could replace it by a foreach on value-pairs ~~~~
\draw[ln] (S1) -- +(0,-2.6);
\draw[ln] (S2) -- +(0,-2.0);
\draw[ln] (S3) -- +(0,-1.4);
\draw[ln] (B1) -- +(0,-0.8);
\draw[ln] (B2) -- +(0,-0.3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}