Ich habe eine Debian-basierte Google Compute Engine, um meine Selenium-Skripte auszuführen, aber ich kann beim besten Willen keine Skripte ausführen, die mit Chrome interagieren. Ich habe versucht, sowohl Chrome als auch Chromium – und alle Abhängigkeiten – zu installieren, bin aber nicht weitergekommen. Es schlägt immer noch fehl
Das Webdriverio-Skript: script.js
var webdriverio = require('webdriverio');
var options = { desiredCapabilities: { browserName: 'chrome' } };
var client = webdriverio.remote(options);
client
.init()
.then(()=> {
console.log('init ok')
},
(err)=> {
console.log('init failed', err)
})
.url('https://duckduckgo.com/')
.getTitle().then(function(title) {
console.log('Title is: ' + title);
})
.end();
Volle Leistung vonnode script.js
Dies ist im Grunde eine Teilmenge der Fehler aus dem Selenium-Prozess
init failed { Error
message: 'unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally\n (Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c15
31b57),platform=Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)\nCommand duration or timeout: 60.05 s
econds\nBuild info: version: \'3.4.0\', revision: \'unknown\', time: \'unknown\'\nSystem info: host: \'dev-ACME-no\', ip: \'10.132.0.2\', os.name:
\'Linux\', os.arch: \'amd64\', os.version: \'3.16.0-4-amd64\', java.version: \'1.8.0_121\'\nDriver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver',
type: 'RuntimeError',
seleniumStack:
{ status: 13,
type: 'UnknownError',
message: 'An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command.',
orgStatusMessage: 'unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally\n (Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291
d320bdf05c1531b57),platform=Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)\nCommand duration or time
out: 60.05 seconds\nBuild info: version: \'3.4.0\', revision: \'unknown\', time: \'unknown\'\nSystem info: host: \'dev-ACME-no\', ip: \'10.132.0.2\
', os.name: \'Linux\', os.arch: \'amd64\', os.version: \'3.16.0-4-amd64\', java.version: \'1.8.0_121\'\nDriver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver'
} }
Der Selenprozess
13:26:19.237 INFO - Selenium build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown'
13:26:19.237 INFO - Launching a standalone Selenium Server
2017-06-21 13:26:19.256:INFO::main: Logging initialized @248ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog
13:26:19.306 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{ensureCleanSession=true, browserName=internet explorer, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the c
urrent platform LINUX
13:26:19.306 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{browserName=MicrosoftEdge, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the current platform LINUX
13:26:19.306 INFO - Driver class not found: com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver
13:26:19.307 INFO - Driver provider com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver registration is skipped:
Unable to create new instances on this machine.
13:26:19.307 INFO - Driver class not found: com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver
13:26:19.307 INFO - Driver provider com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver is not registered
13:26:19.308 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{browserName=safari, version=, platform=MAC}] does not match the current platform LINUX
2017-06-21 13:26:19.347:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.3.v20170317
2017-06-21 13:26:19.384:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.ServletContextHandler@55f3ddb1{/,null,AVAILABLE}
2017-06-21 13:26:19.400:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@1794d431{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:4444}
2017-06-21 13:26:19.400:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @393ms
13:26:19.400 INFO - Selenium Server is up and running
13:26:19.685 INFO - SessionCleaner initialized with insideBrowserTimeout 0 and clientGoneTimeout 1800000 polling every 180000
Selenium started
13:26:24.408 INFO - Executing: [new session: Capabilities [{rotatable=true, locationContextEnabled=true, loggingPrefs=org.openqa.selenium.logging.L
oggingPreferences@71d24c0f, browserName=chrome, javascriptEnabled=true, handlesAlerts=true, requestOrigins={name=webdriverio, version=4.6.2, url=ht
tp://webdriver.io}}]])
13:26:24.435 INFO - Creating a new session for Capabilities [{rotatable=true, locationContextEnabled=true, loggingPrefs=org.openqa.selenium.logging
.LoggingPreferences@71d24c0f, browserName=chrome, javascriptEnabled=true, handlesAlerts=true, requestOrigins={name=webdriverio, version=4.6.2, url=
http://webdriver.io}}]
Starting ChromeDriver 2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57) on port 19256
Only local connections are allowed.
13:27:24.920 WARN - Exception thrown
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'dev-ACME-no', ip: '10.132.0.2', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.16.0-4-amd64', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession.execute(DefaultSession.java:183)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession.<init>(DefaultSession.java:119)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession.createSession(DefaultSession.java:95)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverSessions.newSession(DefaultDriverSessions.java:131)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:464)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.handler.NewSession.handle(NewSession.java:59)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.handler.NewSession.handle(NewSession.java:36)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.rest.ResultConfig.handle(ResultConfig.java:111)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.JsonHttpCommandHandler.handleRequest(JsonHttpCommandHandler.java:190)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet.handleRequest(DriverServlet.java:222)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet.doPost(DriverServlet.java:184)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:707)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet.service(DriverServlet.java:150)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(ServletHolder.java:841)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:543)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:188)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1228)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:168)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:481)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:166)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1130)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:141)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.Server.handle(Server.java:564)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:320)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:251)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:279)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:112)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.io.ChannelEndPoint$2.run(ChannelEndPoint.java:124)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.thread.Invocable.invokePreferred(Invocable.java:122)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.thread.strategy.ExecutingExecutionStrategy.invoke(ExecutingExecutionStrategy.java:58)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.thread.strategy.ExecuteProduceConsume.produceConsume(ExecuteProduceConsume.java:201)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.thread.strategy.ExecuteProduceConsume.run(ExecuteProduceConsume.java:133)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:672)
at org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$2.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:590)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'dev-ACME-no', ip: '10.132.0.2', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.16.0-4-amd64', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.callConstructor(DefaultDriverProvider.java:110)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.newInstance(DefaultDriverProvider.java:96)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverFactory.newInstance(DefaultDriverFactory.java:60)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$BrowserCreator.call(DefaultSession.java:222)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$BrowserCreator.call(DefaultSession.java:209)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$1.run(DefaultSession.java:176)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
... 1 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.callConstructor(DefaultDriverProvider.java:102)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57),platform=Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 60.05 seconds
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'dev-ACME-no', ip: '10.132.0.2', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.16.0-4-amd64', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:215)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:167)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$new$0(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:53)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$getResponseFunction$2(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:91)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.lambda$createSession$22(ProtocolHandshake.java:365)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
at java.util.Spliterators$ArraySpliterator.tryAdvance(Spliterators.java:958)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:126)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:498)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:485)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.FindOps$FindOp.evaluateSequential(FindOps.java:152)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:464)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:368)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:159)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:142)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:82)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:637)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:250)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:236)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:137)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:184)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:148)
... 14 more
13:27:24.924 WARN - Exception: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57),platform=Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 60.05 seconds
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'dev-ACME-no', ip: '10.132.0.2', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.16.0-4-amd64', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
Antwort1
Der Weg zur Erleuchtung begann mit dem Versuch, das Problem einzugrenzen.
Damit die Skripte ausgeführt werden können, müssen zumindest diese Teile funktionieren:
- Selenium und Freunde (
webdriverio, ChromeDriver usw.) - Chrome und Abhängigkeiten müssen installiert sein
- Xvfb muss funktionieren
- Chrome muss auf Xvfb laufen
- Chrome muss irgendwie auf Xvfb laufen, wenn es durch Selenium ausgelöst wird
Um es durchzuarbeiten: Das selenium-standalone startschien ohne Fehler zu funktionieren, also war 1 OK. 2, 3 und 4 schienen zu funktionieren, da sie einwandfrei xvfb-run google-chrome --disable-gpufunktionierten. Bei 5 bin ich mir nicht sicher ...
Ein Zeiger, der darauf hinwies, dass die Kombination Chrome+Selenium nicht funktionierte, war eine Zeile in der Ausgabe:
Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
Wir wissen, dass Chrome funktioniert, wenn X vorhanden ist. Wir wissen, dass Chrome fehlschlägt, wenn X nicht vorhanden ist.
Um 5 zum Laufen zu bringen, musste ich irgendwie Xvfb in den Mix einbringen, was mir zwei Möglichkeiten ließ. Entweder den Node-Prozess oder den Selenium-Prozess umschließen. Das erste hat nicht funktioniert, das zweite aber schon!
In einem Terminal:
xvfb-run selenium-standalone start
Im zweiten Terminal:
node /tmp/script.js
Und endlich bekam ich die richtige Antwort
init ok
Title is: DuckDuckGo
Einige zusätzliche Debugging-Hilfe zur Einrichtung
Es lohnt sich, die Ausnahmestapelverfolgungen von Selenium durchzusehen, wenn Sie versuchen, einen Fehler zu beheben.
Sie können sicher sein, dass Chrome fehlt oder nicht installiert ist, wenn Sie diese Meldung erhalten.
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57),platform=Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Wenn Sie nicht die richtige Chrome-Version für Chromedriver haben, z. B. wenn Sie nur Chromium installiert haben (in meinem Fall!), wird dieser Fehler angezeigt:
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: session not created exception: Chrome version must be >= 58.0.3029.0
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57),platform=Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Stellen Sie sicher, dass es google-chrome-stableenthalten ist $PATHund dass Sie es erfolgreich auf einem Headless-System ausführen können.
Weitere Tipps zur Einrichtung KasseDieses automatisierte Setup. Viele gute Hinweise.