Vor kurzem habe ich versehentlich einige Änderungen an der Datei /etc/apt/sources.list in meinem System vorgenommen. Nach der Durchführung apt-get updategab es eine Ausgabe voller Warnungen. Also habe ich nach der Standard-Sources.list gegoogelt und diese durch meine ersetzt. Aber als ich den Repo-Manager verwende, um das für mich schnellste Debian-Repo zu finden, schlägt der Vorgang mit der folgenden Meldung fehl: netselect-apt konnte das schnellste Repo nicht erkennen. Ich füge das Bild für Ihre Bequemlichkeit an.
Wenn ich den Terminalbefehl verwende sudo netselect-apt, wird die folgende Ausgabe ausgegeben:
Verwende stabile Distribution. Die Liste der Spiegelserver wird von www.debian.org abgerufen … Aufgrund einer HSTS-Richtlinie in HTTPS umgewandelte URL --2021-06-05 09:09:00-- https://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full www.debian.org (www.debian.org) wird aufgelöst ... 128.31.0.62, 130.89.148.77, 149.20.4.15, ... Verbindung zu www.debian.org (www.debian.org)|128.31.0.62|:443... hergestellt. HTTP-Anfrage gesendet, warte auf Antwort ... 200 OK Länge: 129107 (126K) [text/html] Speichern unter: „/tmp/netselect-apt.HIfkAg“ /tmp/netselect-apt.HIfkAg 100 % [= ... 2021-06-05 09:09:03 (137 KB/s) – '/tmp/netselect-apt.HIfkAg' gespeichert [129107/129107] Auswahl eines Haupt-Debian-Mirrors mit Netselect. netselect-apt konnte keine Liste gültiger Hosts abrufen von die von der URL „http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full“ heruntergeladene Datei. Dies kann aus einem der folgenden Gründe passieren: - Es gab einen Fehler in der Datei - die Datei hat nicht das von netselect-apt erwartete Format - es gibt einen Fehler in netselect-apt Bitte überprüfen Sie die Datei manuell. Wenn Sie glauben, dass der Inhalt korrekt ist, einen Fehler (Hinweis: verwenden Sie 'reportbug') gegen netselect-apt und stellen Sie die Datei zur Verfügung als sowie die vom Programm generierte Ausgabe (Tipp: Verwenden Sie „Skript“).
Gibt es eine Möglichkeit, dieses Problem zu lösen? Ich habe Angst, dass in meinem System beschädigte Pakete vorhanden sind.
Antwort1
Umgehung des Problems. ( netselect-aptVerwenden Sie den netselectBefehl, um den schnellsten Spiegel zu überprüfen. Siehe /usr/bin/netselect-aptSkript.)
Sie können den schnellsten Spiegel manuell über finden netselect, indem Sie die Hosts an übermitteln. netselectDer schnellste wird zurückgegeben. Beispiel:
netselect ftp.is.co.za debian.xtdv.net
687 ftp.is.co.za
Um den schnellsten Mirror zu erhalten, verwenden Sie den verfügbaren Debian-Mirror inWeltweite Debian-Spiegelseiten(ca. 360 Spiegel), verwenden Sie den folgenden Befehl:
curl https://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full |\
awk 'BEGIN{FS="<tt>";RS="</tt>"}/Site/{print $2}' |xargs netselect
curlwird die Webseite im HTML-Format erfassen.
awkfiltert die Ergebnisse, indem es den Inhalt zwischen extrahiert <tt>und </tt>die Übereinstimmung verwendetSite
xargsübergibt die Ergebnisse als Argumente an netselect.
Z.B:
curl https://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full | awk 'BEGIN{FS="<tt>";RS="</tt>"}/Site/{print $2}' |xargs netselect
...
netselect: unknown host ftp2.cn.debian.org
165 debian.connesi.it
Sie sollten ein anderes Ergebnis erhalten; der nächstgelegene Spiegel hängt von Ihrem geografischen Standort ab.
Bearbeiten Sie dann Ihre sources.listmit dem nächstgelegenen Spiegel.
Antwort2
Es kann sein, dass die Repos in MX Linux anders organisiert sind, ich bin nicht sicher. In jedem Fall hat MX sein eigenes Tool, den MX Repo Manager, mit dem man das schnellste Repo auswählen kann.
Antwort3
Ich habe meine Netselect-apt-Datei im Verzeichnis /usr/bin bearbeitet. Ich füge den Code hier ein. Jeder, der dieses Problem hat, muss den Inhalt der Netselect-apt-Datei durch Folgendes ersetzen.
#!/bin/bash
#
# A script to create an apt sources.list file automatically by downloading
# the list of Debian mirrors and choosing the fastest using netselect.
#
# Author: Avery Pennarun <[email protected]>
# Enhancements:
# - Filippo Giunchedi <[email protected]>
# - Javier Fernandez-Sanguino <[email protected]>
#
# License: public domain. Please feel free to improve this script. It
# doesn't really belong in the netselect package, particularly since the
# netselect package doesn't depend on wget and this script does. If you
# feel like merging this into another package, or creating a new package,
# please do. Then tell me, so I can remove it from the netselect package.
#
# TO DO:
# - test the generated files automatically. Some mirrors in the list
# are broken. We should at least verify that the Packages and Sources
# files exist and aren't ancient.
# - maybe generate redundant entries, in case one server is missing files?
# our defaults
# RATIONALE for WANT_SOURCES and WANT_NONFREE environmental variables:
# both variables can be system wide and can be useful to not always specify
# them on the commandline
want_sources=${WANT_SOURCES:-0}
want_nonfree=${WANT_NONFREE:-0}
want_security=1
infile=""
tmpinfile="1"
# File to generate
outfile="sources.list"
# Default distribution
distro="stable"
# Default protocol
protocol="HTTP"
# Number of fastest hosts that will be validated
test_hosts="10"
# URL where the mirror list is retrieved from
url="http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full"
# Test file retrieve from sites to valide
test_file="README"
# Country used to filter the list
country=""
# Debug mode?
DEBUG=""
if [ -x /usr/bin/dpkg-architecture ] ; then
arch=$(/usr/bin/dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH)
else
arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)
fi
options="-o a:dsi:o:O:t:c:nfhu -l arch:,debug,sources,infile:,outfile:,tests:,country:,nonfree,ftp,help"
trap '[ "$tmpinfile" = "1" ] && rm -f "$infile"' TERM INT EXIT
# misc functions
log()
{
echo "$@" >&2
}
# tests a list of hosts and returns a (filtered) list of those
# that you can connect to using a defined protocol
tests_hosts()
{
local host_list="$*"
local host_filtered=""
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Filtering host list is $host_list"
# Do not continue if curl is not installed
[ ! -x /usr/bin/curl ] && echo $host_list
host_filtered=""
for host in $host_list; do
# Test using curl
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Testing host $host with curl"
test_host $host
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Host $hot is ALIVE"
if [ -z "$host_filtered" ] ; then
host_filtered="$host"
else
host_filtered="$host_filtered $host"
fi
fi
done
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Filtered host list is $host_filtered"
echo $host_filtered
}
validate_hosts()
{
for host in $*; do
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Testing host $host with curl"
test_host $host
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Host $host is valid"
echo $host
return 0
# We return as soon as we have a valid host since netselect
# returns them in order (fastest to slowest)
fi
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Host $host is INVALID"
done
return -1
}
# Test a single host using Curl, if available
test_host()
{
local host="$1"
local rv=0
[ ! -x /usr/bin/curl ] && return 255
[ -z "${host}" ] && return 255
# First test: does it actually serve anything?
curl -m 2 -q -s "$host" >/dev/null 2>&1
[ $? -ne 0 ] && return $?
# Second test: do we have the test file we are looking for?
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Checking if the file '$test_file' is available in site"
temp=`tempfile`
[ ! -e "$temp" ] && return 0 # Return without error if we cannot create
# a temporary file
curl -m 2 -q -s "$host/$test_file" >$temp 2>&1
rv=$?
if [ $rv -ne 0 ] ; then
rm -f $temp
return $rv
fi
# Third test: does the file have any reference to 'Debian'
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Checking the contents of the '$test_file' file (downloaded to '$temp')"
grep -qi debian $temp
rv=$?
if [ $rv -ne 0 ] ; then
rm -f $temp
return $rv
fi
# Fourth test: does it have the content we expected
head -1 $temp | grep -qi "See http://www.debian.org/"
rv=$?
if [ $rv -ne 0 ] ; then
rm -f $temp
return $rv
fi
# All tests completed succesfully, remove temporary file and exit
[ -e "$temp" ] && rm -f $temp
return 0
}
run_netselect()
{
SEARCH="$1"
PROTO="$2"
hosts=$(cat "$infile" \
| perl -n -e '
$/="<br><br>";
$country_name = ".*";
$country_iso = "..";
$country = "'"$country"'";
$my_country = 1;
if ( $country ne "" ) {
$my_country = 0;
if ( $country =~ /^\w{2}$/ ) {
$country_iso = uc($country);
$country_name = "";
} else {
$country_iso = "";
$country_name = ucfirst(lc($country));
} ;
}
while(<>){
if ( /<h3><a name="$country_iso">/ ||
/<h3><a name=".*?">$country_name<\/a>/ ) {
$my_country = 1 ;
}
if ( $_ =~ /<h3>/ && $_ !~ /<h3><a name="$country_iso">/ &&
$_ !~ /<h3><a name=".*?">$country_name<\/a>/ ) {
$my_country = 0 ;
}
next if $_ !~ /Site:/;
if( ( /Includes architectures:.+'"$arch"'.+/i ||
$_ !~ /Includes architectures:/ ) &&
m@'"$SEARCH"':.*<a.*?href="('"$PROTO"'://.*?)">@i && $my_country == 1
){
print("$1\n");
}}')
[ -z "$hosts" ] && return 200
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Running netselect: 'netselect $netselect_options $hosts'"
out=`netselect $netselect_options $hosts`
rv=$?
# Throw away hosts with negative scores to workaround a netselect bug.
# (netselect 0.3.ds1-25 seems to have problems pinging round-robin DNS)
corruptedhosts=$(echo "$out" | egrep '^ *-')
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
log "Detected corrupt scores from bug in netselect: $corruptedhosts"
out=$(echo "$out" | sed -e '/^-/d')
fi
# Remove the score number leaving just the host.
echo $out | sed -e 's/[0-9]\+\s\+/ /g'
return $rv
}
netselect_generic_error()
{
log "netselect was unable to find a mirror, this probably means that"
log "you are behind a firewall and it is blocking ICMP and/or"
log "UDP traceroute. Or the servers test are actively blocking"
log "ICMP and/or UDP traceroute probes."
}
netselect_permission_error()
{
log "netselect was unable to operate successfully, please check the errors,"
log "most likely you don't have enough permission."
}
netselect_parse_error ()
{
log "netselect-apt was unable to obtain a list of valid hosts from"
if [ "$tmpinfile" = "0" ] ;then
log "the file provided ($infile)."
else
log "the file downloaded from the url '$url'."
fi
if [ -n "$country" ] ; then
log "You told the program to only look for hosts in country '$country' "
log "and there might no mirrors to chose from that country. Remove the "
log "option -c and try again."
else
log "This might happen because of any of the following reasons: "
log " - there was an error in the file "
log " - the file is not in the format netselect-apt expected "
log " - there is a bug in netselect-apt "
log "Please manually check the file. If you believe its contents are correct, file "
log "a bug (hint: use 'reportbug') against netselect-apt and provide the file as "
log "well as the output generated by the program (hint: use 'script')."
fi
}
netselect_aborted_error ()
{
log "netselect aborted before it was able to find a mirror."
}
usage()
{
log "Usage: netselect-apt [OPTIONS] [ debian_release ]"
log " debian_release is one of stable, testing, unstable, experimental"
log " or a codename etch, lenny, squeeze, wheezy, jessie, stretch, sid"
log "Options:"
log " -a, --arch ARCH Use mirrors containing arch ($arch)"
log " -s, --sources Include deb-src lines in generated file (no)"
log " -i, --infile INFILE Use INFILE as the input file (temp file)"
log " -o, --outfile OUTFILE Use OUTFILE as the output file (sources.list)"
log " -n, --nonfree Use also non-free packages in OUTFILE (no)"
log " -f, --ftp Use FTP as the protocol for OUTFILE (HTTP)"
log " -t, --tests # Number of hosts to test ($test_hosts)"
log " -c, --country COUNTRY Restrict search to servers in that country"
log " -d, --debug Enable debugging"
}
# Sanity tests
NETSELECT=`which netselect`
# Does netselect exist?
if [ -z "$NETSELECT" ] ; then
log "Sorry, I cannot find the 'netselect' binary in my PATH"
exit 1
fi
# Are we root?
if [ "`id -u`" -gt 0 ] ; then
# If we are not, is netselect setuid?
if [ ! -u "$NETSELECT" ] ; then
log "Sorry, you need to be root to run $0 since the netselect"
log "binary we will use ($NETSELECT) is not setuid."
exit 1
fi
fi
# commandline parsing
# TODO: We should do some sanity checking of some values
# (such as test_hosts to ensure it is a number > 1)
temp=$(getopt $options -n 'netselect-apt' -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ]; then echo "Terminating..." >&2; exit 2; fi
eval set -- "$temp"
while true; do
case "$1" in
-a|--arch) arch=$2; shift 2 ;;
-s|--sources) want_sources=1; shift ;;
-i|--infile) infile="$2"; tmpinfile="0"; shift 2 ;;
-o|--outfile) outfile="$2"; shift 2 ;;
-O) netselect_options="$netselect_options $2"; shift 2 ;;
-n|--nonfree) want_nonfree=1; shift ;;
-c|--country) country=$2; shift 2 ;;
-t|--tests) test_hosts=$2; shift 2 ;;
-f|--ftp) protocol="FTP"; shift ;;
-d|--debug) DEBUG=1; shift ;;
-h|--help) usage; exit 0;;
--) shift; break;;
*) echo "Internal Error!"; echo "args: $@"; exit 1;;
esac
done
# Default netselect options
netselect_options="-D -I -v -s $test_hosts"
# The '-s number' option can be used to display the top 'number' best
# hosts. This is useful for finding the best host to use in a sources.list file
# that is shared between several hosts on different networks in the same
# geographical location. For example, it would be better to choose a host that
# is #2 on all hosts than #1 on one host but is #50 on all the rest.
# distro is a non-option for backward compatibility
case "$1" in
# don't forget to update the usage with new codenames
stable|testing|unstable|experimental|etch|lenny|squeeze|wheezy|jessie|stretch|sid) distro="$1" ;;
'') ;;
*) log "Invalid distribution: $1"; exit 1 ;;
esac
if [ "$distro" != "stable" ]; then
want_security=0
fi
# netselect starting
log "Using distribution $distro."
if [ "$tmpinfile" = "0" -a ! -f "$infile" -a ! -x /usr/bin/wget ]; then
log "Sorry, this script requires the 'wget' package in order to run."
log "You can also download the mirrors list yourself and pass it"
log "with -i option, consult the manpage for further details:"
log " $url"
exit 2
fi
if [ ! -f "$infile" ]; then
if [ "$tmpinfile" = "1" ]; then
infile=$(mktemp -t netselect-apt.XXXXXX) ||
{ log "unable to create tempfile"; exit 2; }
fi
log "Retrieving the list of mirrors from www.debian.org..."
log
if ! /usr/bin/wget -O "$infile" "$url"; then
log "$0: wget failed to retrieve $url."
log "Please try to correct the problem by reading the wget "
log " messages printed above."
exit 2
fi
else
log "$infile has been found."
log "I'll use that, rather than downloading it again."
log
fi
log "Choosing a main Debian mirror using netselect."
if [ -n "$country" ]; then
log "(will filter only for mirrors in country $country)"
fi
hosts_netselect=$(run_netselect "Packages over $protocol" $protocol)
netselect_rv=$?
if [ $netselect_rv -eq 0 ] ; then
if [ ! -z "$hosts_netselect" ] ; then
if [ "$test_hosts" -gt 1 ]; then
log "The fastest $test_hosts servers seem to be:"
echo "$hosts_netselect" | sed -e 's/\s\+/\n\t/g'
log
else
log "The fastest server seems to be:"
log " $hosts_netselect"
log
fi
main=$(validate_hosts $hosts_netselect)
if [ ! -z "$main" ] ; then
if [ "$test_hosts" -gt 1 ]; then
log "Of the hosts tested we choose the fastest valid for $protocol:"
log " $main"
log
else
log "and is a valid server for $protocol."
fi
else
log "No valid servers were found that could be reachable"
log "through $PROTO. Netselect found these hosts to be "
log "closest to you, but we could not connect to any "
log "of them using that protocol."
exit 2
fi
else
netselect_generic_error
exit 2
fi
elif [ $netselect_rv -eq 6 ]; then
netselect_permission_error
exit 2
elif [ $netselect_rv -eq 130 ]; then
netselect_aborted_error
exit 2
elif [ $netselect_rv -eq 200 ]; then
netselect_parse_error
exit 2
else
netselect_generic_error
exit 2
fi
log "Writing $outfile."
if [ -f "$outfile" ]; then
destfile="$outfile.$(date +%s)"
log "$outfile exists, moving to $destfile"
mv $outfile $destfile
fi
sections="main contrib"
if [ "$want_nonfree" -eq 1 ]; then sections="$sections non-free"; fi
(
echo "# Debian packages for $distro"
echo "deb $main $distro $sections"
echo "# Uncomment the deb-src line if you want 'apt-get source'"
echo "# to work with most packages."
if [ "$want_sources" -eq 0 ]; then
echo -n "# "
fi
echo "deb-src $main $distro $sections"
echo
echo "# Security updates for stable"
if [ "$want_security" -eq 0 ]; then
echo -n "# "
fi
echo "deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates $sections"
) > $outfile
echo "Done."
Sollte jemand weiterhin auf ein Problem stoßen, wird er gebeten, hier einen Kommentar abzugeben.