diese Frage wurde unter diesem Link gestellt:Gegabelte Pfeile mit Chemfig Für mich ist es sehr hilfreich. Ich möchte Gonzalo Medina für seine Lösung danken. Ich habe jedoch zwei Fragen, für die ich nirgends eine Lösung finden kann.
1) Wie kann ich dafür sorgen, dass \chemfig in tikzpicture richtig funktioniert? Ich möchte eine chemische Struktur (die von chemfig gezeichnet wird) über und unter dem Pfeil haben. Wenn ich jedoch \chemfig{...}alle Bindungen verwende, werden sie zu Pfeilen. Ich denke, das liegt daran, dass dieser Befehl innerhalb des Befehls bleibt \draw.
2) Wie kann ich die Länge nur des Pfeilteils ändern (die Linie bleibt dieselbe), damit sie zum Inhalt des Knotens über/unter dem Pfeil passt?
Hier ist das Schema, das ich machen möchte:
Danke vielmals!
Hier ist meine Tex-Datei:
\documentclass[class=minimal,border=0pt,10pt]{standalone}%[a4paper]
\usepackage{chemfig,chemmacros}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning,calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=0cm and 2cm]
%\tikzset{myarrow/.style={->, >=latex', shorten >=1pt, thick},mylabel/.style={text width=7em, text centered} }
\setcrambond{4pt}{}{}
%\setarrowoffset{10pt}
\node (A)
{\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]HO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]OH)>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
%===================================
\node [above right= of A](B)
{\hspace{2cm}\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-90,0.5]-[:-130,0.5](-[:-80,0.6]\chemabove{O}{\hspace{4mm}\scriptstyle\ominus})=[:160,0.6]O))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
%===================================
\node[below=of B, align=left](B1){R=H or \ch{CH2COONa} \\depending on DS}; %align=left to use \\ inside node
%===================================
\node[below=0.5 of B1](C)
{\hspace{2cm}\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-120,0.5]-[:-60,0.5](-[,0.4]OR)-[:-120,0.5]-[:-60,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{4mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}}; %{(} or {)} for sth like N(CH3)3Cl inside chemfig
%===================================
\node[below=of C, align=left](C1)
{\hspace{1cm} R=H, \chemfig{-[:30,0.5](-[:90,0.4]OR)-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}\\ \hspace{1.1cm}depending on MS};
%===================================
\node[below=0.5 of C1](D)
{\hspace{2cm}\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-30,0.6]SO_3Na))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
%===================================
\node[below=of D](D1)
{R=H, \ch{SO3Na}};
%===================================
\node[below=0.5 of D1](E)
{\hspace{3cm}\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
%===================================
\node[below=of E](E1)
{R=H, \chemfig{(=[:90,0.4]O)-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}};
%\draw[myarrow] (A.east) -- ++(0.5,0) -- ++(0,1) |-(B.west);
%===================================
\draw[-stealth](A) --($(A.0)!0.5!(B.west|-A.0)$) |- (B.west) node[above]{\ch{ClCH2COONa}}node[below,align=left]{aq. \ch{NaOH}\\slurry medium};
%===================================
\draw[-stealth](A) -- ($(A.0)!0.5!(C.west|-A.0)$) |- (C.west) node[above]{\chemfig{?-[:90,0.5]O-[:-30,0.5]?-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}} node[below,align=left]{aq. \ch{NaOH}\\slurry medium};
%===================================
\draw[-stealth](A) -- ($(A.0)!0.5!(D.west|-A.0)$) |- (D.west) node[above,align=left]{(i) \ch{SO3}.DMF or \ch{SO3}.pyridine\\(DMF/LiCl) 50 \si{\degreeCelsius})}node[below,align=left]{(ii) \ch{NaOH}};
%===================================
\draw[-stealth](A) -- ($(A.0)!0.5!(E.west|-A.0)$) |- (E.west) node[above,align=left]{\chemfig{HO-[:30,0.5](=[:90,0.4]O)-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}}node[below,align=left]{DMSO, CDI \\ 20 h, 70 \si{\degreeCelsius}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Antwort1
[-]Zu 1) Hier müssen Sie lediglich dem Befehl das optionale Argument hinzufügen, \chemfigum die Pfeilspitzen aus dem Befehl „Linie zeichnen“ zu „entfernen“.
Zu 2) Hier schlage ich vor, das "manuell" zu machen. Platziere zunächst den obersten Knoten mit Hilfe der =<number>cm and <number>cm of <node>Funktion, entscheide dann mit der erstellten \splitVariable, wo der Pfad zu diesem Knoten "geteilt" werden soll und entscheide mit der erstellten \xshiftVariable den Versatz der Knoten, die über und unter dem Pfeil platziert werden. Beim Zeichnen des Reaktionsschemas kannst du die Knotenpositionen rechts und/oder durch Anpassen des \splitVerhältnisses einfach deinen Bedürfnissen anpassen.
Hier ist ein vereinfachtes Reaktionsschema zur Demonstration des oben Gesagten.
\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usepackage{chemformula}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning,calc}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\setcrambond{4pt}{}{}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\xshift}{1cm}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\split}{0.1}
\node (A) {A};
\node [above right=2cm and 5cm of A](B) {B};
\draw[-stealth](A) --($(A.0)!\split!(B.west|-A.0)$) |- (B.west)
% just to show the alignment point for the following nodes
coordinate [pos=0.5,xshift=\xshift] (test)
node [pos=0.5,xshift=\xshift,above,anchor=south west]
{\ch{ClCH2COONa}}
node [pos=0.5,xshift=\xshift,below,anchor=north west]
{\chemfig[-]{?-[:90,0.5]O-[:-30,0.5]?-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}};
% show the alignment points
\fill [red] (test) circle (2pt) -- +(-1cm,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Und hier finden Sie Ihr vollständiges Reaktionsschema, in dem ich zusätzlich einige nicht erforderliche Elemente bereinigt \hspaceund die Knoten richtig ausgerichtet habe.
\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\usepackage{chemformula}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning,calc}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
>=stealth,
shorten >=1mm,
component node/.style={
% keys for `\chemfig'
-,
shorten >=0pt,
% % fill the nodes (useful for debugging)
% fill=red!50,
},
arrow node/.style={
pos=0.5,
xshift=\xshift,
align=left,
% keys for `\chemfig'
-,
shorten >=0pt,
},
]
\setcrambond{4pt}{}{}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\xshift}{1mm}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\split}{0.1}
% left side of reaction scheme
\node [component node] (A)
{\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]HO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]OH)>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
% right side of reaction scheme
\node [component node,above right=2cm and 6cm of A] (B)
{\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-90,0.5]-[:-130,0.5](-[:-80,0.6]\chemabove{O}{\hspace{4mm}\scriptstyle\ominus})=[:160,0.6]O))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
\node [component node,below=0 of B.south west,anchor=north west,align=left] (B1)
{R=H or \ch{CH2COONa} \\ depending on DS}; %align=left to use \\ inside node
\node [component node,below=0.5 of B1.south west,anchor=north west] (C)
{\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-120,0.5]-[:-60,0.5](-[,0.4]OR)-[:-120,0.5]-[:-60,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{4mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}}; %{(} or {)} for sth like N(CH3)3Cl inside chemfig
\node [component node,below=0 of C.south west,anchor=north west, align=left](C1)
{R=H, \chemfig{-[:30,0.5](-[:90,0.4]OR)-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}\\ \hspace{1.1cm}depending on MS};
\node [component node,below=0.5 of C1.south west,anchor=north west](D)
{\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-30,0.6]SO_3Na))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
\node [component node,below=0 of D.south west,anchor=north west] (D1)
{R=H, \ch{SO3Na}};
\node [component node,below=0.5 of D1.south west,anchor=north west] (E)
{\chemfig{-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern = on 2pt off 2pt]O-[:15,0.5]?[A]<[:-60](-[:165,0.6]RO)-[:15,,,,line width = 4pt](-[:-60,0.6]O(-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}))>[:-15](-[:15,0.5]O-[:-15,0.5,,,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt])-[:120]O-[:-165]?[A]}};
\node [component node,below=0 of E.south west,anchor=north west](E1)
{R=H, \chemfig{(=[:90,0.4]O)-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}};
% draw reaction arrows + nodes
%\draw[myarrow] (A.east) -- ++(0.5,0) -- ++(0,1) |-(B.west);
\draw [->] (A) -- ($(A.east)!\split!(B.west|-A.east)$) |- (B.west)
node [arrow node,above right]
{\ch{ClCH2COONa}}
node [arrow node,below right]
{aq. \ch{NaOH}\\slurry medium};
\draw [->] (A) -- ($(A.east)!\split!(C.west|-A.east)$) |- (C.west)
node [arrow node,above right]
{\chemfig[-]{?-[:90,0.5]O-[:-30,0.5]?-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}}
node [arrow node,below right]
{aq. \ch{NaOH} \\ slurry medium};
\draw [->] (A) -- ($(A.east)!\split!(D.west|-A.east)$) |- (D.west)
node [arrow node,above right]
{(i) \ch{SO3}.DMF or \ch{SO3}.pyridine\\(DMF/LiCl) \SI{50}{\degreeCelsius})}
node [arrow node,below right]
{(ii) \ch{NaOH}};
\draw [->] (A) -- ($(A.east)!\split!(E.west|-A.east)$) |- (E.west)
node [arrow node,above right]
{\chemfig[-]{HO-[:30,0.5](=[:90,0.4]O)-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.5]-[:-30,0.5]-[:30,0.6]\chemabove{N}{\hspace{-5mm}\scriptstyle\oplus}{(}CH_3{)}_3\chemabove{Cl}{\hspace{5mm}\scriptstyle\ominus}}}
node [arrow node,below right]
{DMSO, CDI \\ \SI{20}{\hour}, \SI{70}{\degreeCelsius}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
