Schnittlinie zeichnen

Question

Ich versuche gerade, eine Kreidezeichnung in Tikz zu reproduzieren.

Derzeit versuche ich, Schnittlinien zu zeichnen, ohne die Koordinaten manuell einzugeben, wie ich es derzeit tue. Weiß jemand, wie das problemlos möglich ist – vermutlich mithilfe der Calc-Bibliothek?

Konkret spreche ich vom Zeichnen des kleinen Dreiecks QRPund der beiden Linien, die die y-Achse schneiden:

\draw [densely dotted] (P)--($(P) + 1*(-2.7,0)$) node [left]{$\mathrm{sin}(\theta)$};
\draw [densely dotted] (Q)--($(Q) + 1*(-1.2,0)$) node [left]{$\mathrm{sin}(\theta+\Delta\theta)$};

Vollständiger Code:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [-stealth] (-0.6,0)--(4.5,0) node [right] {$x$};
\draw [-stealth] (0,-0.6)--(0,4.5) node [above] {$y$};
    \draw ($(O) + 3.5*(1,0)$) arc (0:90:3.5);
    \fill (O) circle (1pt) node [anchor=north east] {$O$};
    \draw [-{Stealth[red!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (O)--(3.5cm,0) node [midway, below] {$1$};
    \fill (40:3.5cm) circle (1pt) node [above right] {$P$} coordinate (P);
    \fill (70:3.5cm) circle (1pt) node [above] {$Q$} coordinate (Q);
    \draw [-{Stealth[orange!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (O)--(P);
    \draw  (O)--(Q);
    \draw [-{Stealth[orange!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (P)--(Q);
    \draw ($(O) + 1*(1,0)$) arc (0:40:1) node [midway,right] {$\theta$};
    \draw ($(O) + (40:0.8)$) arc (40:70:0.8) node [yshift=0.2cm,xshift=0.35cm] {$\Delta\theta$};
    \draw [densely dotted] (P)--($(P) + 1*(-2.7,0)$) node [left]{$\mathrm{sin}(\theta)$};
    \draw [densely dotted] (Q)--($(Q) + 1*(-1.2,0)$) node [left]{$\mathrm{sin}(\theta+\Delta\theta)$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Ausgabe:

Kreidezeichnung:

Answer 1

Die Frage ist nicht dumm ... Ich schlage vor, einige Änderungen vorzunehmen: Verwenden Sie das Paket anglesund verwenden quotesSie für Winkel, Koordinaten Rund Werte auf der Y-Achse orthogonale Koordinaten -|. Damit ist die Schnittmenge nicht mehr erforderlich:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{angles, arrows.meta, calc, quotes}

\begin{document}
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
my angle/.style = {draw, Stealth-Stealth,
                   angle radius = 15mm,
                   angle eccentricity=1.3,
                   font=\large} % angle label position!
                   ]
% axis
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\coordinate[above=44mm,label=$y$] (y);
\coordinate[right=44mm,label=right:$x$] (x);
\draw [-stealth] (-0.6,0)--(x);
\draw [-stealth] (0,-0.6)--(y);
\fill (O) circle (1pt) node [below right] {$O$};
% arc
\draw ($(O) + 3.5*(1,0)$) arc (0:90:3.5);
\draw [-{Stealth[red!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (O)-- node [below] {$1$} (3.5cm,0);
% points on arc
\fill (40:3.5cm) circle (1pt) node [right] {$P$} coordinate (P);
\fill (70:3.5cm) circle (1pt) node [above] {$Q$} coordinate (Q);
\draw [-{Stealth[orange!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (O)--(P);
\draw  (O)--(Q);
\draw [-{Stealth[orange!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (P)--(Q);
% point R   /added/
\coordinate[label=above right:R] (R) at (Q -| P);
\draw[fill] (Q) -- (R) circle (1pt);
\draw [-{Stealth[red!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (P)-- node [right] {$\Delta y$} (R);
% ytick
\draw [densely dotted] 
    (P)--(P -| O) node [left]{$\sin(\theta)$} 
    (Q)--(Q -| O) node [left]{$\sin(\theta+\Delta\theta)$};
% angles
\pic [my angle,"$\Delta\theta$"] {angle = P--O--Q};
\pic [my angle,"$\theta$"]       {angle = x--O--P};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

ich würde ... benutzen

\draw [densely dotted] (P)--(P-|O) node [left]{$\sin(\theta)$};
\draw [densely dotted] (Q)--(Q-|O) node [left]{$\sin(\theta+\Delta\theta)$};
\draw [densely dotted] (Q)--(Q-|P) coordinate(R)--(P);
\fill (R) circle [radius=1pt] node [above]{$R$};

Hier ist also ein Vorschlag ohne Bibliotheken calcund intersections. Aber ich würde die Bibliothek verwenden angles.

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usetikzlibrary{angles}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\newcommand\radius{3.5}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [-stealth] (O)+(-0.6,0)--+({\radius+1.5},0) node [right] {$x$};
\draw [-stealth] (O)+(0,-0.6)--+(0,{\radius+1.5}) node [above] {$y$};
\draw (O)+(\radius,0) arc (0:90:\radius);
\fill (O) circle (1pt) node [anchor=north east] {$O$};
\draw [-{Stealth[red!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}]
      (O)--+(\radius,0)node [midway, below] {$1$} coordinate(X);
\fill (O)+(40:\radius) circle [radius=1pt] node [above right] {$P$} coordinate (P);
\fill (O)+(70:\radius) circle [radius=1pt] node [above] {$Q$} coordinate (Q);
\draw [-{Stealth[orange!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (O)--(P);
\draw (O)--(Q);
\draw [-{Stealth[orange!80,length=3mm,width=2mm]}] (P)--(Q);
\pic [draw,angle radius=1cm,pic text=$\theta$,angle eccentricity=1.25]{angle=X--O--P};
\pic [draw,angle radius=.8cm,pic text=$\Delta\theta$,angle eccentricity=1.5]{angle=P--O--Q};
\draw [densely dotted] (P)--(P-|O) node [left]{$\sin(\theta)$};
\draw [densely dotted] (Q)--(Q-|O) node [left]{$\sin(\theta+\Delta\theta)$};
\draw [densely dotted] (Q)--(Q-|P) coordinate(R)--(P);
\fill (R) circle [radius=1pt] node [above]{$R$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}