Wie kennzeichnet man Zitate, wie in vielen philosophischen Aufsätzen?

Question

In vielen philosophischen Aufsätzen ist es üblich, die für die Analyse ausgewählten Thesen mit einem Etikett zu versehen, das etwa so aussieht:

Es sieht so aus, als ob dieser Effekt durch die Definition einer Anführungszeichen-ähnlichen Umgebung erreicht wird. Gibt es ein Paket mit einer solchen integrierten Umgebung? Wenn nicht, kann mir jemand helfen, eine Umgebung zu entwerfen, die so aussieht? Ich bin neu bei TeX. Für mich sieht es fast wie eine Aufzählungsumgebung aus, aber das Etikett ist nicht so weit links platziert. Danke!

Answer 1

Sie können dies mit dem Paket erreichen, enumitemindem Sie eine neue enumerate-ähnliche Umgebung namens zB definieren sensitive, die bei jeder Verwendung wiederhergestellt wird, und zwar auf diese Weise:

\newlist{sensitive}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[sensitive]{resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$), labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

und dann verwenden

\begin{sensitive}
...
\end{sensitive}

MWE:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{enumitem}

\newlist{sensitive}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[sensitive]{resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$), labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

\begin{document}

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance,
Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{sensitive}
  \item\label{sensitive1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ 
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{sensitive}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{sensitive1}:
\begin{sensitive}
  \item\label{sensitive2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{sensitive}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\end{document} 

Ausgabe:

---

BEARBEITEN

Andernfalls können Sie eine einzelne neue enumerate-ähnliche Umgebung namens eg definieren mylistund dort lokal das Label und den Zeitpunkt seiner Wiederaufnahme definieren, wie in

\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]

MWE:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}

\newlist{mylist}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[mylist]{labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

\begin{document}

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance,
Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{mylist}[label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{sensitive1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{sensitive1}:
\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{sensitive2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\begin{mylist}[label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{frequentist1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{frequentist1}:
\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{frequentist2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\end{document} 

Ausgabe:

Answer 2

Sie können hierfür eine persönliche Umgebung definieren:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\makeatletter
\newlength{\lquotelabelwidth}
\newlength{\lquote@label@temp}
\AtEndDocument{%
  \write\@auxout{\string\global\string\lquotelabelwidth=\the\lquote@label@temp\relax}%
}

\newenvironment{lquote}[1]
 {%
  \settowidth\@tempdima{#1}%
  \addtolength\@tempdima{2pc}% <---------------- add here if you want more
  \ifdim\@tempdima>\lquote@label@temp
    \global\lquote@label@temp=\@tempdima
  \fi
  \list{}{%
    \leftmargin=\lquotelabelwidth
    \labelwidth=\leftmargin
  }%
  \csname phantomsection\endcsname % if hyperref is loaded
  \def\@currentlabel{#1}%
  \item[\textsc{(#1)}]%
 }
 {\endlist}

\newcommand{\lqref}[1]{\textup{\textsc{(\ref{#1})}}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

Be careful that \lqref{murphy} holds.

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. 
For instance, Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on 
knowledge:
\begin{lquote}{Sensitive\textsubscript{1}}\label{sensitive1}
  $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ 
  weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) 
  $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that~$p$.
\end{lquote}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist 
variant of \lqref{sensitive1}:
\begin{lquote}{Sensitive\textsubscript{2}}\label{sensitive2}
  $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
  not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether 
  (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that~$p$.
\end{lquote}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\begin{lquote}{Murphy}
\label{murphy}
  If something can go wrong, it will.
\end{lquote}

\end{document} 

Dadurch wird die Breite des längsten Etiketts in der .aux-Datei aufgezeichnet, sodass die Breite des Etiketts beim nächsten LaTeX-Lauf festgelegt werden kann. Ich habe 2pc (24pt) für die Klammern und etwas mehr Platz hinzugefügt. Ändern Sie den Wert nach Belieben.

Das Laden hyperrefist keineswegs obligatorisch. Ich habe es dem Beispiel nur hinzugefügt, um zu zeigen, dass der Code damit funktioniert.

Answer 3

Hier ist eine leicht abgeänderte Version einer früheren Version (obwohl das nicht unbedingt für Zitate gedacht ist). Ändern Sie den Namen in etwas, das Ihnen etwas bedeutet, wenn es mathauIhnen seltsam vorkommt.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\mathau}[1]{%
  \def\tempa{#1s}%
  \newlist{\tempa}{enumerate}{1}%
  \setlist[\tempa]{label={(\MakeUppercase#1\textsubscript{\arabic*})},leftmargin=*,font=\scshape,resume,ref={\MakeUppercase#1\textsubscript{\arabic*}}}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\mathau{sensitive}
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}
Some text showing the need to disambiguate various senses of `concept'.
\mathau{concept}
\begin{concepts}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{concepts}
Further discussion getting ready to return to sensitivities.
But this turns up another sense of `concept'.
\begin{concepts}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{concepts}
Now we can return to the sensitivities.
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}
Commentary.
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}

\end{document}

Answer 4

Karlkoellergab eine Antwort, die besser für eine konsistente horizontale Ausrichtung der Listenbeschriftungen geeignet ist (z. B. ist das Wort „Frequentist“ länger als das Wort „Sensitive“, aber beide beginnen mit derselben Einrückung). Ich verwende jedoch häufig Wortbeschriftungen für Elemente in einer Liste, und eindeutige Beschriftungen können einfacher und spontan erstellt werden, indem die Beschriftung in die eckigen Klammern von gesetzt wird \item[]. Die folgende Methode richtet jedoch den Haupttext der Elemente aus, nicht die Elementbeschriftungen.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[osf]{mathpazo} 
\usepackage{enumitem}
\begin{document}
\setlist{labelwidth=7em, leftmargin=!}
Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance, {\scshape Nozick} 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)] $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{enumerate}
The advocate of probalistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of {\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)}:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 2)] $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}

7emwurde durch Ausprobieren gefunden, aber wenn Sie genau sein wollen, ersetzen Sie 7emdurch Berechnung der Länge des Wortes label

\usepackage{calc}
%-----
\newlength\sensitive\setlength\sensitive{\widthof{\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)}}

und dann

\setlist{labelwidth={\dimexpr \sensitive  +\parindent \relax}, leftmargin=!}