Wie man mit Tikz wie dieses Bild zeichnet

Question

Kann mir jemand helfen, dieses Bild mit Tikz zu zeichnen?

Code

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,scale=10]
%
\coordinate (C1) at (0.3,-0.15);
\coordinate (C2) at (0.55,-0.15);
\coordinate (C3) at (0.425,-0.025);
\coordinate (C4) at (0.425,-0.275);
%
\coordinate (D1) at (0.85,-0.05);
\coordinate (D2) at (0.9,0.05);
\coordinate (D3) at (0.875,0.125);
\coordinate (D4) at (0.875,-0.125);
%
\coordinate (E1) at (0.375,0.375);
\coordinate (E2) at (0.625,0.375);
\coordinate (E3) at (0.525,0.425);
\coordinate (E4) at (0.525,0.325);
%
\coordinate (F1) at (0.15,0.015);
\coordinate (F2) at (0.1,-0.015);
\coordinate (F3) at (0.125,0.125);
\coordinate (F4) at (0.125,-0.125);
%
\coordinate (G1) at (0.375,-0.375);
\coordinate (G2) at (0.625,-0.375);
\coordinate (G3) at (0.475,-0.425);
\coordinate (G4) at (0.575,-0.325);

\begin{scope}[thick,dashed]
\draw (C1) -- (C4) -- (C2) -- (C3) -- (C1);
\draw (D1) -- (D4) -- (D2) -- (D3) -- (D1);
\draw (E1) -- (E4) -- (E2) -- (E3) -- (E1);
\draw (F1) -- (F4) -- (F2) -- (F3) -- (F1);
\draw (G1) -- (G4) -- (G2) -- (G3) -- (G1);
\end{scope}
\draw (F3) -- (F2) -- (C1) -- (C3) -- (E4) -- (E1);
\draw (C1) -- (C4) -- (G3) -- (G1) -- (F4) -- (F2);
\draw (D1) -- (C2) -- (C3) -- (E4) -- (E2) -- (D3) -- (D1);
\draw (D1) -- (C2) -- (C4) -- (G3) -- (G2) --(D4) -- (D1);
\draw (E2) -- (E3) -- (E1) -- (F3) -- (F2) -- (F4) -- (G1) -- (G3) --  (G2) -- (D4) -- (D1) -- (D3) --cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 1

Wie immer bei TikZ und 3D: Erstellen Sie Ihre Grafiken von hinten nach vorne. (Oder verwenden Sie Ebenen, aber das muss noch organisiert werden.)

1. die Rückseiten des Würfels
2. die hinteren Kanten des Würfels
3. die Diamanten im Hintergrund
4. die Sechsecke im Inneren des Würfels, aber auf der Rückseite
5. die Achsen im Inneren des Würfels
6. die Sechsecke im Inneren des Würfels, aber auf der Vorderseite
7. die Diamanten vorne
8. die Vorderseiten des Würfels
9. die Achsen außerhalb des Würfels

Ich habe mich dazu entschieden, die Vorderseiten des Würfels nicht auszufüllen, da das das ganze Bild nur getrübt hätte.

Code

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{3d,arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  x=(-120:1cm*sin 30), y=(0:1cm), z=(90:1cm),
  %
  % h: half the height of the cube
  % r: half the diagonal of the square sides that touch the cube
  declare function={h=2; r=1;},
  %
  bg/.style={densely dotted},
  fg/.style={solid},
  axis bg/.style={densely dashed},
  axis fg/.style={solid,-{Stealth[round,/tikz/fill opacity=1]}},
  %
  square fill/.style={fill=blue!50},
  hex fill/.style   ={fill=green!50},
  cube fill/.style  ={fill=red!50},
  % 
%   debug/.style={shape=rectangle,font=\tiny,text=gray,inner sep=0pt, fill=white},
  %
  fill opacity=.5,
  %
  insert dia/.style={
    insert path={(#1n) -- (#1e) -- (#1s) -- (#1w) -- cycle}},
]

% corners of the cube
\foreach \side/\sign in {back/-, front/+}
\coordinate (\side-nw) at (\sign h, -h,  h)
 coordinate (\side-ne) at (\sign h,  h,  h)
 coordinate (\side-se) at (\sign h,  h, -h)
 coordinate (\side-sw) at (\sign h, -h, -h);

% corners of the squares/diamonds that touch the cube
\foreach \sign in {+,-}
  \foreach \x/\y/\z in {x/y/z, y/x/z, z/y/x}
    \coordinate[label={[shape=coordinate,debug/.try]:{\x\sign n}}]
       (\x\sign n) at (xyz cs: \x=\sign h, \y= 0, \z= r)
     coordinate[label={[shape=coordinate,debug/.try]:{\x\sign e}}]
       (\x\sign e) at (xyz cs: \x=\sign h, \y= r, \z= 0)
     coordinate[label={[shape=coordinate,debug/.try]:{\x\sign s}}]
       (\x\sign s) at (xyz cs: \x=\sign h, \y= 0, \z=-r)
     coordinate[label={[shape=coordinate,debug/.try]:{\x\sign w}}]
       (\x\sign w) at (xyz cs: \x=\sign h, \y=-r, \z= 0)
     coordinate[label={[shape=coordinate,debug/.try]:{\x\sign m}}]
       (\x\sign m) at (xyz cs: \x=\sign h, \y= 0, \z= 0);

% 1: fill the cube's sides in the bg
\path[cube fill, bg]            (back-nw) rectangle (back-se)  [insert dia=x-]
  {[canvas is xz plane at y=-h] (back-nw) rectangle (front-sw) [insert dia=y-]}
  {[canvas is xy plane at z=-h] (back-sw) rectangle (front-se) [insert dia=z-]};

% 2: draw the lines of the cube in the bg
\draw[bg] (back-sw) -- (back-nw)
          (back-sw) -- (back-se)
          (back-sw) -- (front-sw);

% 3: fill the diamonds in the bg (no draw because this will done by the hexagons)
\foreach \x in {x,y,z}
  \path[square fill, bg] [insert dia=\x-];

% 4: draw and fill the hexagons in the bg
\draw[hex fill, bg] (x-n) -- (z+s) -- (z+w) -- (y-n) -- (y-w) -- (x-w) -- cycle
                    (x-s) -- (z-s) -- (z-w) -- (y-s) -- (y-w) -- (x-w) -- cycle
                    (z+s) -- (z+e) -- (y+n) -- (y+w) -- (x-e) -- (x-n) -- cycle
                    (x-e) -- (x-s) -- (z-s) -- (z-e) -- (y+s) -- (y+w) -- cycle;

% 5: axes inside the cube
\foreach \x/\y/\z in {x/y/z, y/x/z, z/x/y}
  \draw[axis bg] (0,0,0) -- (xyz cs: \x=h, \y=0, \z=0);

% 6: hexagons in the fg
\draw[hex fill, fg] (x+n) -- (z+n) -- (z+w) -- (y-n) -- (y-e) -- (x+w) -- cycle
                    (y-e) -- (y-s) -- (z-w) -- (z-n) -- (x+s) -- (x+w) -- cycle
                    (z+e) -- (y+n) -- (y+e) -- (x+e) -- (x+n) -- (z+n) -- cycle
                    (y+s) -- (z-e) -- (z-n) -- (x+s) -- (x+e) -- (y+e) -- cycle;

% 7: diamonds in the fg
\foreach \x in {x,y,z}
  \draw[square fill, fg] [insert dia=\x+];

\draw[fg]                     (front-nw) rectangle (front-se) [insert dia=x+]
 {[canvas is xz plane at y=h] (front-ne) rectangle (back-se)  [insert dia=y+]}
 {[canvas is xy plane at z=h] (back-nw)  rectangle (front-ne) [insert dia=z+]};

% 9: the axes outside of the cube
\foreach \x/\y/\z in {x/y/z, y/x/z, z/x/y}
  \draw[axis fg] (xyz cs: \x=h, \y=0, \z=0) -- (xyz cs: \x=h + 1.5, \y=0, \z=0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Ausgabe