Ich versuche, eine Datei mit allen Übungen zu erstellen, die ich habe, und habe bei einigen Zeilen Probleme mit der Ausrichtung. Ich verwende MikTex mit TexMaker (5.0.3). Hier ist mein Code:
%mathématiques - fichier numérique de tous mes exercices
%----------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} %pour le symbole n°
\frenchbsetup{StandardLists=true} % pour les listes avec \enumitem : à inclure si on utilise
\usepackage{enumitem}
% spécification des marges, taille papier
%\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
%\geometry{hscale=0.85,vscale=0.85,centering}
%\usepackage{fullpage} % une autre solution, pas testée
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[C]{}
\fancyhead[L]{}
\fancyhead[R]{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot[C]{}
\fancyfoot[L]{}
\fancyfoot[R]{\raggedright\mbox{\frakfamily\fraklines\yinipar{S}}}
\usepackage[left=2cm,right=1cm,top=1cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry}
% fin de la définition des marges
\usepackage{frcursive}
\usepackage{yfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
% le package qui pemet de définir des unités et leur affichage
\usepackage{siunitx} % Alignement des valeurs etc.
\sisetup{
round-mode = places, % Rounds numbers
round-precision = 2, % to 2 places
}
\usepackage{xcolor} % pour les couleurs sur les règles graduées par exemple
\definecolor{shamrockgreen}{rgb}{0.0, 0.62, 0.38}
\definecolor{rose}{rgb}{1.0, 0.0, 0.5}
\definecolor{richlavender}{rgb}{0.67, 0.38, 0.8}
\definecolor{tangelo}{rgb}{0.98, 0.3, 0.0}
%----------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
\noindent MATH\'EMATIQUES
\newline
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Un exemple de repère:\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,0) node[below left]{$O$};
\draw[->] (-0.4,0) -- (1,0);
\draw[dashed] (-1.1,0) -- (-0.4,0);
\draw (1,0) node[below]{$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-0.4) -- (0,1);
\draw[dashed] (0,-0.8)-- (0,-0.4);
\draw (0,1) node[left]{$y$};
\draw [dashed] (1,0) -- (2.4,0);
\draw [dashed] (0,1) -- (0,2.4);
\draw [dashed] (2,2) -- (2,0) node[below] {$2$};
\draw [dashed] (2,2) -- (0,2) node[left] {$2$};
\fill [red] (2,2) node[above=2mm,right]{$\alpha(2,2)$} ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
%les exercices
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 13 p29: placer les points dans le repère\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,0) node[below left]{$O$};
\draw[->] (-4,0) -- (0,0) -- (5,0);
\draw (1,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (1,0) node [below]{$1$};
\draw[->] (0,-4.5) --(0,0) -- (0,2);
\draw (0,1) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,1) node[left]{$1$};
%le point A(-3,-4)
\draw [dashed] (-3,-4) -- (-3,0) node[above] {$-3$};
\draw [dashed] (-3,-4) -- (0,-4) node[right] {$-4$};
\draw (-3,-4) node[below left]{$A(-3,-4)$};
\fill[green] (-3,-4) node{$\bullet$};
%le point B(4,-2)
\draw [dashed] (4,-2) -- (4,0) node[above] {$4$};
\draw [dashed] (4,-2) -- (0,-2) node[left] {$-2$};
\draw (4,-2) node[below right]{$B(4,-2)$};
\fill[orange] (4,-2) node{$\bullet$};
%le point C(3,-2)
\draw [dashed] (3,-2) -- (3,0) node[above] {$3$};
\draw [dashed] (3,-2) -- (0,-2) node[left] {$-2$};
\draw (3,-2) node[above left]{$C(3,-2)$};
\fill[cyan] (3,-2) node{$\bullet$};
%le point D(2,1)
\draw [dashed] (2,1) -- (2,0) node[below] {$2$};
\draw [dashed] (2,1) -- (0,1) node[left] {$1$};
\draw (2,1) node[above right]{$D(2,1)$};
\fill[blue] (2,1) node{$\bullet$};
%le point E(-2,-3)
\draw [dashed] (-2,-3) -- (-2,0) node[above] {$-2$};
\draw [dashed] (-2,-3) -- (0,-3) node[right] {$-3$};
\draw (-2,-3) node[below]{$E(-2,-3)$};
\fill[red] (-2,-3) node{$\bullet$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 7 p28: placer les points sur la droite\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=4]
\draw[->] [ultra thick] (-6.4,0) -- (-3.4,0);
\draw[step=0.1][very thin, gray] (-6.52,-0.24) grid (-3.18,0.24);
\draw (-5,0) node [above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-5,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-4.5,0) node [above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-4.5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4.5,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-4,0) node[above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4,0) node {$|$};
%placement d'un tiret à l'abscisse -4.5
%\node at (-4.5,0) {$|$};
%le point A(-6,0)
\draw (-6,0) node[above=5pt,fill=white]{$A(-6)$};
\fill[orange] (-6,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point B(-5.6,0)
\draw (-5.6,0) node[below=1.2mm,fill=white]{$B(-5.6)$};
\fill[blue] (-5.6,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point C(-4.8,0)
\draw (-4.8,0) node[below=1.3mm,fill=white]{$C(-4.8)$};
\fill[red] (-4.8,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point D(-3.8,0)
\draw (-3.8,0) node[below=3pt,fill=white]{$D(-3.8)$};
\fill[green] (-3.8,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point E(-3.6,0)
\draw (-3.6,0) node[above=5pt,fill=white]{$E(-3.6)$};
\fill[cyan] (-3.6,0) node{$\bullet$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\newpage
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 9 p176:\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5]
\draw[->] [thick] (-5.5,0) -- (3.5,0);
\draw (-5,0) node [below=5pt]{$-5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4,0) node [below=5pt]{$-4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-3,0) node [below=5pt]{$-3\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-2,0) node [below=5pt]{$-2\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-1,0) node [below=5pt]{$-1\phantom{-}$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt, red]{$0$};
\node at (0,0) {$|$};
\draw (1,0) node [below=5pt]{$1$};
\draw (2,0) node [below=5pt]{$2$};
\node at (2,0) {$|$};
\draw (3,0) node [below=5pt]{$3$};
\node at (3,0) {$|$};
%le point F(-5,0)
\draw (-5,0) node[above=5pt, rose]{$F$};
\fill[rose] (-5,0) node{$\times$};
%le point G(-4,0)
\draw (-4,0) node[above=5pt, shamrockgreen]{$G$};
\fill[shamrockgreen] (-4,0) node{$\times$};
%le point O(-3,0)
\draw (-3,0) node[above=5pt, richlavender]{$O$};
\fill[richlavender] (-3,0) node{$\times$};
%le point I(-2,0)
\draw (-2,0) node[above=5pt, red]{$I$};
\fill[red] (-2,0) node{$\times$};
%le point M(-1,0)
\draw (-1,0) node[above=5pt, tangelo]{$M$};
\fill[tangelo] (-1,0) node{$\times$};
%le point S(1,0)
\draw (1,0) node[above=5pt, blue]{$S$};
\fill[blue] (1,0) node{$\times$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item $OF = IG = OM = MS = 2$
\item $\begin{aligned}[t]
&OI &=1 \\
&OM &=2 \\
&GS &=5 \\
&MG &=3
\end{aligned}$
\item calcul des distances $GS$ et $MF$
\newline
$OM = MS$ donc $GS = GM + OM = GM + MS$
\newline
$OM = OF$ donc $MF = MO + OF = 2.MO$
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 12 p29:\end{cursive}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item les abscisses des points sont en bleu:
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=15]
\draw[->] [thick](-0.68,0) -- (0.13,0);
\draw[step=0.01][very thin, gray] (-0.68,-0.06) grid (0.13,0.06);
%le point M
\draw (-0.6,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$M$};
\draw (-0.6,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.6,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,6\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.5,0) node {$|$};
%le point N
\draw (-0.4,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$N$};
\draw (-0.4,0) node [below=5pt]{$-0,4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.4,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.3,0) node [below=5pt]{$-0,3\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.3,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.2,0) node {$|$};
%le point 0
\draw (-0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$O$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,1\phantom{-}$};
\draw (0,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt]{$0$};
%le point P
\draw (0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$P$};
\draw (0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$0,1$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\item les points S et T :
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=15]
\draw[->] [thick](-0.22,0) -- (0.78,0);
\draw[step=0.01][very thin, gray] (-0.22,-0.06) grid (0.78,0.06);
\draw (-0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$O$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt]{$0$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$P$};
\draw (0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [below=5pt]{$0,1$};
%le point T
\draw (-0.16,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$T$};
\draw (-0.16,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.16,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,16\phantom{-}$};
%le point S
\draw (0.7,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$S$};
\draw (0.7,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.7,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$0,7$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{enumerate}
\newpage
%exemples de tableau
\noindent\begin{cursive}Des tableaux:\end{cursive}
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|c|r} % Alignements: left, center, right
\textbf{Val 1} & \textbf{Val 2} & \textbf{Val 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Valeurs basiques}
\vspace{1cm}
\label{tab:table2}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r} % c devient S ==> unitsx
\textbf{Val 1} & \textbf{Val 2} & \textbf{Val 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Valeurs alignées et arrondies}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%exemples d'équation
\noindent\begin{cursive}Des équations:\end{cursive}
\begin{gather*}
2x - 5y = 8 \\
3x^2 + 9y = 3a + c
\end{gather*}
\begin{align*}
2x - 5y &= 8 \\
3x + 9y &= -12
\end{align*}
\begin{align*}
x&=y & w&=z & a&=b+c\\
2x&=-y & 3w&=\frac{1}{2}z & a&=b\\
-4 + 5x&=2+y & w+2&=-1+w & ab&=cb
\end{align*}
\end{document}
und hier ist das Ergebnis, das ich habe:
MATHEMATIKund die nächste Zeile sollte vertikal ausgerichtet sein, aber es gibt so etwas wie eine kleine Einrückung in der zweiten Zeile, selbst wenn ich den \noindentSchalter umlege. Auch das wird nicht verstanden (ich habe es entfernt und wieder eingefügt), während ich das Gegenteil mit : \vspacegemacht habe, ist nutzlos.\newline\vspace
Wie kann ich diese Zeilen ausrichten? Wenn das Problem die von Denis vorgeschlagene Schriftartwahl ist, muss ich sie dann überall durch die gleiche Schriftart ersetzen?
danke für die Hilfe.
Antwort1
Im folgenden Beispiel habe ich verwendet, \setlength{parindent}um die Einrückung global zu entfernen. Somit ist es nicht nötig, dies \noindentimmer wieder zu wiederholen. Außerdem habe ich \newline \vspace{1cm}durch eine einfache leere Zeile ersetzt. Mit diesen Änderungen erhalten Sie die folgende Ausgabe:
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} %pour le symbole n°
\frenchbsetup{StandardLists=true} % pour les listes avec \enumitem : à inclure si on utilise
\usepackage{frcursive}
\usepackage{yfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
%----------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
MATH\'EMATIQUES
\begin{cursive}Un exemple de repère:\end{cursive}
\end{document}