Problem beim Skalieren eines Tikzbildes

Question

Ich verwende elsarticleClass und brauche Hilfe beim Skalieren meines Tikz-Bildes.

\documentclass[numbers,preprint,review,12pt,sort&compress]{elsarticle}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
        % Node styles
        \tikzstyle{circulo_vermelho}=[fill=red, draw=black, shape=circle]
        \tikzstyle{circulo_cinza}=[fill={rgb,255: red,128; green,128; blue,128}, draw=black, shape=circle]
        \tikzstyle{circulo_verde}=[fill=green, draw=black, shape=circle]
        \tikzstyle{circulo_amarelo}=[fill=yellow, draw=black, shape=circle]
        \tikzstyle{circulo_azul}=[fill=blue, draw=black, shape=circle]
        \tikzstyle{texto}=[fill=none, draw=none, shape=circle]
        % Edge styles
        \tikzstyle{seta}=[->]
        \node [style={circulo_cinza}] (0) at (0, 5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_cinza}] (1) at (0, 3.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_cinza}] (2) at (0, 2) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (3) at (3.5, 5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (4) at (3.5, 3.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (5) at (3.5, 2) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (6) at (7, 5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (7) at (7, 3.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (8) at (7, 2) {};
        \node [style={circulo_cinza}] (9) at (0, -3) {};
        \node [style={circulo_cinza}] (10) at (0, -4.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_cinza}] (11) at (0, -6) {};
        \node [style={circulo_azul}] (12) at (7, -3) {};
        \node [style={circulo_azul}] (13) at (7, -4.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_azul}] (14) at (7, -6) {};
        \node [style={circulo_verde}] (15) at (11.5, 1) {};
        \node [style={circulo_verde}] (16) at (11.5, -0.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_verde}] (17) at (11.5, -2) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (18) at (15.5, 1) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (19) at (15.5, -0.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (20) at (15.5, -2) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (21) at (19.5, 1) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (22) at (19.5, -0.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_vermelho}] (23) at (19.5, -2) {};
        \node [style={circulo_amarelo}] (24) at (23.25, 1) {};
        \node [style={circulo_amarelo}] (25) at (23.25, -0.5) {};
        \node [style={circulo_amarelo}] (26) at (23.25, -2) {};
        \node [style=texto] (27) at (0, 6.75) {Static Input Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (28) at (0, 6) {4 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (29) at (3.5, 6.75) {Static Dense Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (30) at (3.5, 6) {64 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (31) at (7, 6.75) {Static Dense Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (32) at (7, 6) {128 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (33) at (0, -1.25) {LSTM Input Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (34) at (0, -2) {24 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (35) at (7, -1.25) {LSTM Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (36) at (7, -2) {128 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (37) at (11.5, 2.75) {Concatenate Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (38) at (11.5, 2) {256 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (39) at (15.5, 2.75) {Static Dense Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (40) at (15.5, 2) {48 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (41) at (19.5, 2.75) {Static Dense Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (42) at (19.5, 2) {24 Units};
        \node [style=texto] (43) at (23.25, 2.75) {Output Layer};
        \node [style=texto] (44) at (23.25, 2) {12 Units};
        \draw [style=seta] (0) to (3);
        \draw [style=seta] (0) to (4);
        \draw [style=seta] (0) to (5);
        \draw [style=seta] (1) to (3);
        \draw [style=seta] (1) to (4);
        \draw [style=seta] (1) to (5);
        \draw [style=seta] (2) to (3);
        \draw [style=seta] (2) to (4);
        \draw [style=seta] (2) to (5);
        \draw [style=seta] (3) to (6);
        \draw [style=seta] (3) to (7);
        \draw [style=seta] (3) to (8);
        \draw [style=seta] (4) to (6);
        \draw [style=seta] (4) to (7);
        \draw [style=seta] (4) to (8);
        \draw [style=seta] (5) to (6);
        \draw [style=seta] (5) to (7);
        \draw [style=seta] (5) to (8);
        \draw [style=seta] (9) to (12);
        \draw [style=seta] (9) to (13);
        \draw [style=seta] (9) to (14);
        \draw [style=seta] (10) to (12);
        \draw [style=seta] (10) to (13);
        \draw [style=seta] (10) to (14);
        \draw [style=seta] (11) to (12);
        \draw [style=seta] (11) to (13);
        \draw [style=seta] (11) to (14);
        \draw [style=seta] (6) to (15);
        \draw [style=seta] (6) to (16);
        \draw [style=seta] (6) to (17);
        \draw [style=seta] (7) to (15);
        \draw [style=seta] (7) to (16);
        \draw [style=seta] (7) to (17);
        \draw [style=seta] (8) to (15);
        \draw [style=seta] (8) to (16);
        \draw [style=seta] (8) to (17);
        \draw [style=seta] (12) to (15);
        \draw [style=seta] (12) to (16);
        \draw [style=seta] (12) to (17);
        \draw [style=seta] (13) to (15);
        \draw [style=seta] (13) to (16);
        \draw [style=seta] (13) to (17);
        \draw [style=seta] (14) to (15);
        \draw [style=seta] (14) to (16);
        \draw [style=seta] (14) to (17);
        \draw [style=seta] (15) to (18);
        \draw [style=seta] (15) to (19);
        \draw [style=seta] (15) to (20);
        \draw [style=seta] (16) to (18);
        \draw [style=seta] (16) to (19);
        \draw [style=seta] (16) to (20);
        \draw [style=seta] (17) to (18);
        \draw [style=seta] (17) to (19);
        \draw [style=seta] (17) to (20);
        \draw [style=seta] (18) to (21);
        \draw [style=seta] (18) to (22);
        \draw [style=seta] (18) to (23);
        \draw [style=seta] (19) to (21);
        \draw [style=seta] (19) to (22);
        \draw [style=seta] (19) to (23);
        \draw [style=seta] (20) to (21);
        \draw [style=seta] (20) to (22);
        \draw [style=seta] (20) to (23);
        \draw [style=seta] (21) to (24);
        \draw [style=seta] (21) to (25);
        \draw [style=seta] (21) to (26);
        \draw [style=seta] (22) to (24);
        \draw [style=seta] (22) to (25);
        \draw [style=seta] (22) to (26);
        \draw [style=seta] (23) to (24);
        \draw [style=seta] (23) to (25);
        \draw [style=seta] (23) to (26);
        \draw [style=seta, in=135, out=45, loop] (12) to ();
        \draw [style=seta, in=135, out=45, loop] (13) to ();
        \draw [style=seta, in=135, out=45, loop] (14) to ();
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Parallel LSTM-MLP network}
    \label{fig:enter-label}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Ausgabe:

Viele Probleme hier:

1 - Wenn ich versuche, das ganze Bild mit zu skalieren scale = 0.5, erhalte ich immer nochOverfull \hbox (34.27876pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 140--141

2 – Text überlappt sich über jedem Knoten;

3 – In den blauen Knoten überlappen sich die Pfeile, die an diesen Knoten beginnen und enden, auch mit den Knoten darüber (oder im Fall des ersten blauen Knotens überlappen sie sich mit dem LSTM Layer 128 unitsText).

Irgendwelche Ideen, wie diese Probleme behoben werden können?

Answer 1

Ich würde Ihr Bild nicht skalieren, da das resultierende Bild eine inkonsistente Schriftgröße und reine Formatierung aufweisen würde. Ein weitaus besseres Ergebnis wird durch Neuzeichnen des Bildes erzielt, wobei ich Folgendes tun würde:

• Reduzieren Sie die horizontalen Abstände zwischen den Knoten
• in Knoten für die Ebenenbeschreibung \footnotesizeSchriftarten und Text auf mehrere Zeilen verteilen
• Knoten so umbenennen, dass der Name erhalten bleibt <layer name><number of node>. Durch diese Änderung können die Pfeile zwischen den Knoten in einer Doppelschleife gezeichnet werden:

\documentclass[numbers, preprint, review,
               12pt, sort&compress]{elsarticle}
%--------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%
\usepackage{lipsum}                              % for dummy text
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[%scale=0.7, transform shape,
  C/.style = {circle, draw, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=4mm},
Cin/.style = {C, fill=gray},   
 Cr/.style = {C, fill=red},    
 Cg/.style = {C, fill=green}, 
 Cy/.style = {C, fill=yellow}, 
 Cb/.style = {C, fill=blue},   
 Tx/.style = {font=\footnotesize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt,
              align=center, above},
every edge/.style= {draw=gray, -Straight Barb, semithick}
                        ]
% nodes
\node [Cin] (I1) at (0, 5) {};
\node [Cin] (I2) at (0, 3.5) {};
\node [Cin] (I3) at (0, 2) {};

\node [Cr]  (A1) at (2, 5) {};
\node [Cr]  (A2) at (2, 3.5) {};
\node [Cr]  (A3) at (2, 2) {};
\node [Cr]  (B1) at (4, 5) {};
\node [Cr]  (B2) at (4, 3.5) {};
\node [Cr]  (B3) at (4, 2) {};

\node [Cg]  (C1) at (6, 1) {};
\node [Cg]  (C2) at (6, -0.5) {};
\node [Cg]  (C3) at (6, -2) {};

\node [Cin] (D1) at (8, 1) {};
\node [Cin] (D2) at (8, -0.5) {};
\node [Cin] (D3) at (8, -2) {};
\node [Cin] (E1) at (10, 1) {};
\node [Cin] (E2) at (10, -0.5) {};
\node [Cin] (E3) at (10, -2) {};

\node [Cy]  (O1) at (12, 1) {};
\node [Cy]  (O2) at (12, -0.5) {};
\node [Cy]  (O3) at (12, -2) {};


\node [Cr]  (J1) at (0, -3) {};
\node [Cr]  (J2) at (0, -4.5) {};
\node [Cr]  (J3) at (0, -6) {};

\node [Cb]  (G1) at (4, -3) {};
\node [Cb]  (G2) at (4, -4.5) {};
\node [Cb]  (G3) at (4, -6) {};

\node [Tx]  at (0, 5.5)   {Static\\ Input\\ Layer\\ 4 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (2, 5.5)   {Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 64 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (4, 5.5)   {Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 128 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (0, -2)   {LSTM\\   Input\\ Layer\\ 24 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (4, -2)   {LSTM\\ Layer\\ 128 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (6, 2)    {Concatenate\\ Layer\\ 256\\ Units};
\node [Tx]  at (8, 2)    {Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 48 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (10, 2)    {Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 24 Units};
\node [Tx]  at (12, 2)    {Output\\ Layer\\ 12 Units};
% arrows
\foreach \m in {1,2,3}
    \foreach \n in {1,2,3}
    {
        \draw   (I\m) edge (A\n) 
                (A\m) edge (B\n) 
                (B\m) edge (C\n) 
                (C\m) edge (D\n) 
                (D\m) edge (E\n) 
                (E\m) edge (O\n) % output
    %
                (J\m) edge (G\n) 
                (G\m) edge (C\n) 
    %
                (G\n) edge [in=135, out=45, loop] ();
    }
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Parallel LSTM-MLP network}
\label{fig:enter-label}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

Wenn das Bild zu hoch ist, verringern Sie den vertikalen Abstand zwischen den Knoten (beispielsweise von 1,5 auf 1 oder den von Ihnen bevorzugten Wert).

Answer 2

Antwort basierend auf Zarkos. Sie können den Abstand mit dxund anpassen dy.

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
   
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  C/.style = {circle, draw, inner sep=0pt, minimum size=4mm},
 C1/.style = {C, fill=red},  C2/.style = {C, fill=blue},    
 C3/.style = {C, fill=green},C4/.style = {C, fill=gray}, 
 C5/.style = {C, fill=gray}, C6/.style = {C, fill=yellow},   
 C7/.style = {C, fill=gray}, C8/.style = {C, fill=red},   
 C9/.style = {C, fill=red},  
 Tx/.style = {font=\footnotesize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt,
              align=center, above},
every edge/.style= {draw=gray, -Straight Barb, semithick} ]

\def\dx{2}
\def\dy{1.5}
\foreach \i/\j/\n/\lab [count=\ST] in {
      0/0/J/{LSTM\\ Input\\ Layer\\ 24 Units},
      2*\dx/0/G/{LSTM\\ Layer\\ 128 Units},
      3*\dx/4/C/{Concatenate\\ Layer\\ 256\\ Units},
      4*\dx/4/D/{Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 48 Units},
      5*\dx/4/E/{Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 24 Units},
      6*\dx/4/O/{Output\\ Layer\\ 12 Units},
      0/8/I/{Static\\ Input\\ Layer\\ 4 Units},
      \dx/8/A/{Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 64 Units},
      2*\dx/8/B/{Static\\ Dense\\ Layer\\ 128 Units}}
{\foreach \k in {1,2,3} {\node[C\ST](\n\k) at (\i,\j+\dy*\k) {};}
\node[anchor=south,above=2em,text width=2cm] at (\n3){\lab};
}

\foreach \m in {1,2,3}
    \foreach \n in {1,2,3}
    {   \draw   (I\m) edge (A\n)
                (A\m) edge (B\n)
                (B\m) edge (C\n)
                (C\m) edge (D\n)
                (D\m) edge (E\n)
                (E\m) edge (O\n) 
                (J\m) edge (G\n)
                (G\m) edge (C\n)
                (G\n) edge [in=135, out=45, loop] ();
    }
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Parallel LSTM-MLP network}
\label{fig:enter-label}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}