zunächst einmal gibt es eine sehr ähnlicheFragezu meinem. Das ist mir bewusst, aber die Methode, die die Leute in diesem Thread vorgestellt haben, hat bei mir leider nicht so funktioniert wie erwartet, wie bei ihnen.
Aus diesem Grund erstelle ich eine neue Frage.
Ich habe einen Mailserver auf einem Debian-basierten Raspibian-System mit Dovecot und Postfix installiert.
Ausgabe von apt list --installed | grep dovecot:
dovecot-core/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-imapd/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-managesieved/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-pop3d/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-sieve/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
Ausgabe vonapt list --installed | grep postfix
postfix/stable,now 3.1.8-0+deb9u1 armhf [installed]
postfix-sqlite/stable,now 3.1.8-0+deb9u1 armhf [installed,automatic]
Nun zu meinem Problem: Ich kann E-Mails senden und den Dateien zufolge ~/Maildir/newauch E-Mails empfangen, wie mit jedem anderen normal funktionierenden Mailserver. Mein Problem ist jedoch, dass ich keine E-Mails in meinem Posteingang erhalte.
Ich weiß nicht, wo in der Konfiguration für Dovecot und Postfix mein Fehler liegt.
Dies ist die Ausgabe von/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
1 ##
2 ## Mailbox locations and namespaces
3 ##
4
5 # Location for users' mailboxes. The default is empty, which means that Dovecot
6 # tries to find the mailboxes automatically. This won't work if the user
7 # doesn't yet have any mail, so you should explicitly tell Dovecot the full
8 # location.
9 #
10 # If you're using mbox, giving a path to the INBOX file (eg. /var/mail/%u)
11 # isn't enough. You'll also need to tell Dovecot where the other mailboxes are
12 # kept. This is called the "root mail directory", and it must be the first
13 # path given in the mail_location setting.
14 #
15 # There are a few special variables you can use, eg.:
16 #
17 # %u - username
18 # %n - user part in user@domain, same as %u if there's no domain
19 # %d - domain part in user@domain, empty if there's no domain
20 # %h - home directory
21 #
22 # See doc/wiki/Variables.txt for full list. Some examples:
23 #
24 # mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
25 # mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
26 # mail_location = mbox:/var/mail/%d/%1n/%n:INDEX=/var/indexes/%d/%1n/%n
27 #
28 # <doc/wiki/MailLocation.txt>
29 #
30 mail_location = mbox:~/Maildir:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
31
32 # If you need to set multiple mailbox locations or want to change default
33 # namespace settings, you can do it by defining namespace sections.
34 #
35 # You can have private, shared and public namespaces. Private namespaces
36 # are for user's personal mails. Shared namespaces are for accessing other
37 # users' mailboxes that have been shared. Public namespaces are for shared
38 # mailboxes that are managed by sysadmin. If you create any shared or public
39 # namespaces you'll typically want to enable ACL plugin also, otherwise all
40 # users can access all the shared mailboxes, assuming they have permissions
41 # on filesystem level to do so.
42 namespace inbox {
43 # Namespace type: private, shared or public
44 #type = private
45
46 # Hierarchy separator to use. You should use the same separator for all
47 # namespaces or some clients get confused. '/' is usually a good one.
48 # The default however depends on the underlying mail storage format.
49 #separator =
50
51 # Prefix required to access this namespace. This needs to be different for
52 # all namespaces. For example "Public/".
53 #prefix =
54
55 # Physical location of the mailbox. This is in same format as
56 # mail_location, which is also the default for it.
57 #location =
58
59 # There can be only one INBOX, and this setting defines which namespace
60 # has it.
61 inbox = yes
62
63 # If namespace is hidden, it's not advertised to clients via NAMESPACE
64 # extension. You'll most likely also want to set list=no. This is mostly
65 # useful when converting from another server with different namespaces which
66 # you want to deprecate but still keep working. For example you can create
67 # hidden namespaces with prefixes "~/mail/", "~%u/mail/" and "mail/".
68 #hidden = no
69
70 # Show the mailboxes under this namespace with LIST command. This makes the
71 # namespace visible for clients that don't support NAMESPACE extension.
72 # "children" value lists child mailboxes, but hides the namespace prefix.
73 #list = yes
74
75 # Namespace handles its own subscriptions. If set to "no", the parent
76 # namespace handles them (empty prefix should always have this as "yes")
77 #subscriptions = yes
78
79 # See 15-mailboxes.conf for definitions of special mailboxes.
80 }
81
82 # Example shared namespace configuration
83 #namespace {
84 #type = shared
85 #separator = /
86
87 # Mailboxes are visible under "shared/user@domain/"
88 # %%n, %%d and %%u are expanded to the destination user.
89 #prefix = shared/%%u/
90
91 # Mail location for other users' mailboxes. Note that %variables and ~/
92 # expands to the logged in user's data. %%n, %%d, %%u and %%h expand to the
93 # destination user's data.
94 #location = maildir:%%h/Maildir:INDEX=~/Maildir/shared/%%u
95
96 # Use the default namespace for saving subscriptions.
97 #subscriptions = no
98
99 # List the shared/ namespace only if there are visible shared mailboxes.
100 #list = children
101 #}
102 # Should shared INBOX be visible as "shared/user" or "shared/user/INBOX"?
103 #mail_shared_explicit_inbox = no
104
105 # System user and group used to access mails. If you use multiple, userdb
106 # can override these by returning uid or gid fields. You can use either numbers
107 # or names. <doc/wiki/UserIds.txt>
108 #mail_uid =
109 #mail_gid =
110
111 # Group to enable temporarily for privileged operations. Currently this is
112 # used only with INBOX when either its initial creation or dotlocking fails.
113 # Typically this is set to "mail" to give access to /var/mail.
114 #mail_privileged_group =
115
116 # Grant access to these supplementary groups for mail processes. Typically
117 # these are used to set up access to shared mailboxes. Note that it may be
118 # dangerous to set these if users can create symlinks (e.g. if "mail" group is
119 # set here, ln -s /var/mail ~/mail/var could allow a user to delete others'
120 # mailboxes, or ln -s /secret/shared/box ~/mail/mybox would allow reading it).
121 #mail_access_groups =
122
123 # Allow full filesystem access to clients. There's no access checks other than
124 # what the operating system does for the active UID/GID. It works with both
125 # maildir and mboxes, allowing you to prefix mailboxes names with eg. /path/
126 # or ~user/.
127 #mail_full_filesystem_access = no
128
129 # Dictionary for key=value mailbox attributes. This is used for example by
130 # URLAUTH and METADATA extensions.
131 #mail_attribute_dict =
132
133 # A comment or note that is associated with the server. This value is
134 # accessible for authenticated users through the IMAP METADATA server
135 # entry "/shared/comment".
136 #mail_server_comment = ""
137
138 # Indicates a method for contacting the server administrator. According to
139 # RFC 5464, this value MUST be a URI (e.g., a mailto: or tel: URL), but that
140 # is currently not enforced. Use for example mailto:[email protected]. This
141 # value is accessible for authenticated users through the IMAP METADATA server
142 # entry "/shared/admin".
143 #mail_server_admin =
144
145 ##
146 ## Mail processes
147 ##
148
149 # Don't use mmap() at all. This is required if you store indexes to shared
150 # filesystems (NFS or clustered filesystem).
151 #mmap_disable = no
152
153 # Rely on O_EXCL to work when creating dotlock files. NFS supports O_EXCL
154 # since version 3, so this should be safe to use nowadays by default.
155 #dotlock_use_excl = yes
156
157 # When to use fsync() or fdatasync() calls:
158 # optimized (default): Whenever necessary to avoid losing important data
159 # always: Useful with e.g. NFS when write()s are delayed
160 # never: Never use it (best performance, but crashes can lose data)
161 #mail_fsync = optimized
162
163 # Locking method for index files. Alternatives are fcntl, flock and dotlock.
164 # Dotlocking uses some tricks which may create more disk I/O than other locking
165 # methods. NFS users: flock doesn't work, remember to change mmap_disable.
166 #lock_method = fcntl
167
168 # Directory in which LDA/LMTP temporarily stores incoming mails >128 kB.
169 #mail_temp_dir = /tmp
170
171 # Valid UID range for users, defaults to 500 and above. This is mostly
172 # to make sure that users can't log in as daemons or other system users.
173 # Note that denying root logins is hardcoded to dovecot binary and can't
174 # be done even if first_valid_uid is set to 0.
175 #first_valid_uid = 500
176 #last_valid_uid = 0
177
178 # Valid GID range for users, defaults to non-root/wheel. Users having
179 # non-valid GID as primary group ID aren't allowed to log in. If user
180 # belongs to supplementary groups with non-valid GIDs, those groups are
181 # not set.
182 #first_valid_gid = 1
183 #last_valid_gid = 0
184
185 # Maximum allowed length for mail keyword name. It's only forced when trying
186 # to create new keywords.
187 #mail_max_keyword_length = 50
188
189 # ':' separated list of directories under which chrooting is allowed for mail
190 # processes (ie. /var/mail will allow chrooting to /var/mail/foo/bar too).
191 # This setting doesn't affect login_chroot, mail_chroot or auth chroot
192 # settings. If this setting is empty, "/./" in home dirs are ignored.
193 # WARNING: Never add directories here which local users can modify, that
194 # may lead to root exploit. Usually this should be done only if you don't
195 # allow shell access for users. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
196 #valid_chroot_dirs =
197
198 # Default chroot directory for mail processes. This can be overridden for
199 # specific users in user database by giving /./ in user's home directory
200 # (eg. /home/./user chroots into /home). Note that usually there is no real
201 # need to do chrooting, Dovecot doesn't allow users to access files outside
202 # their mail directory anyway. If your home directories are prefixed with
203 # the chroot directory, append "/." to mail_chroot. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
204 #mail_chroot =
205
206 # UNIX socket path to master authentication server to find users.
207 # This is used by imap (for shared users) and lda.
208 #auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb
209
210 # Directory where to look up mail plugins.
211 #mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules
212
213 # Space separated list of plugins to load for all services. Plugins specific to
214 # IMAP, LDA, etc. are added to this list in their own .conf files.
215 #mail_plugins =
216
217 ##
218 ## Mailbox handling optimizations
219 ##
220
221 # Mailbox list indexes can be used to optimize IMAP STATUS commands. They are
222 # also required for IMAP NOTIFY extension to be enabled.
223 #mailbox_list_index = no
224
225 # The minimum number of mails in a mailbox before updates are done to cache
226 # file. This allows optimizing Dovecot's behavior to do less disk writes at
227 # the cost of more disk reads.
228 #mail_cache_min_mail_count = 0
229
230 # When IDLE command is running, mailbox is checked once in a while to see if
231 # there are any new mails or other changes. This setting defines the minimum
232 # time to wait between those checks. Dovecot can also use inotify and
233 # kqueue to find out immediately when changes occur.
234 #mailbox_idle_check_interval = 30 secs
235
236 # Save mails with CR+LF instead of plain LF. This makes sending those mails
237 # take less CPU, especially with sendfile() syscall with Linux and FreeBSD.
238 # But it also creates a bit more disk I/O which may just make it slower.
239 # Also note that if other software reads the mboxes/maildirs, they may handle
240 # the extra CRs wrong and cause problems.
241 #mail_save_crlf = no
242
243 # Max number of mails to keep open and prefetch to memory. This only works with
244 # some mailbox formats and/or operating systems.
245 #mail_prefetch_count = 0
246
247 # How often to scan for stale temporary files and delete them (0 = never).
248 # These should exist only after Dovecot dies in the middle of saving mails.
249 #mail_temp_scan_interval = 1w
250
251 ##
252 ## Maildir-specific settings
253 ##
254
255 # By default LIST command returns all entries in maildir beginning with a dot.
256 # Enabling this option makes Dovecot return only entries which are directories.
257 # This is done by stat()ing each entry, so it causes more disk I/O.
258 # (For systems setting struct dirent->d_type, this check is free and it's
259 # done always regardless of this setting)
260 #maildir_stat_dirs = no
261
262 # When copying a message, do it with hard links whenever possible. This makes
263 # the performance much better, and it's unlikely to have any side effects.
264 #maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes
265
266 # Assume Dovecot is the only MUA accessing Maildir: Scan cur/ directory only
267 # when its mtime changes unexpectedly or when we can't find the mail otherwise.
268 #maildir_very_dirty_syncs = no
269
270 # If enabled, Dovecot doesn't use the S=<size> in the Maildir filenames for
271 # getting the mail's physical size, except when recalculating Maildir++ quota.
272 # This can be useful in systems where a lot of the Maildir filenames have a
273 # broken size. The performance hit for enabling this is very small.
274 #maildir_broken_filename_sizes = no
275
276 # Always move mails from new/ directory to cur/, even when the \Recent flags
277 # aren't being reset.
278 #maildir_empty_new = no
279
280 ##
281 ## mbox-specific settings
282 ##
283
284 # Which locking methods to use for locking mbox. There are four available:
285 # dotlock: Create <mailbox>.lock file. This is the oldest and most NFS-safe
286 # solution. If you want to use /var/mail/ like directory, the users
287 # will need write access to that directory.
288 # dotlock_try: Same as dotlock, but if it fails because of permissions or
289 # because there isn't enough disk space, just skip it.
290 # fcntl : Use this if possible. Works with NFS too if lockd is used.
291 # flock : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work with NFS.
292 # lockf : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work with NFS.
293 #
294 # You can use multiple locking methods; if you do the order they're declared
295 # in is important to avoid deadlocks if other MTAs/MUAs are using multiple
296 # locking methods as well. Some operating systems don't allow using some of
297 # them simultaneously.
298 #
299 # The Debian value for mbox_write_locks differs from upstream Dovecot. It is
300 # changed to be compliant with Debian Policy (section 11.6) for NFS safety.
301 # Dovecot: mbox_write_locks = dotlock fcntl
302 # Debian: mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock
303 #
304 #mbox_read_locks = fcntl
305 #mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock
306
307 # Maximum time to wait for lock (all of them) before aborting.
308 #mbox_lock_timeout = 5 mins
309
310 # If dotlock exists but the mailbox isn't modified in any way, override the
311 # lock file after this much time.
312 #mbox_dotlock_change_timeout = 2 mins
313
314 # When mbox changes unexpectedly we have to fully read it to find out what
315 # changed. If the mbox is large this can take a long time. Since the change
316 # is usually just a newly appended mail, it'd be faster to simply read the
317 # new mails. If this setting is enabled, Dovecot does this but still safely
318 # fallbacks to re-reading the whole mbox file whenever something in mbox isn't
319 # how it's expected to be. The only real downside to this setting is that if
320 # some other MUA changes message flags, Dovecot doesn't notice it immediately.
321 # Note that a full sync is done with SELECT, EXAMINE, EXPUNGE and CHECK
322 # commands.
323 #mbox_dirty_syncs = yes
324
325 # Like mbox_dirty_syncs, but don't do full syncs even with SELECT, EXAMINE,
326 # EXPUNGE or CHECK commands. If this is set, mbox_dirty_syncs is ignored.
327 #mbox_very_dirty_syncs = no
328
329 # Delay writing mbox headers until doing a full write sync (EXPUNGE and CHECK
330 # commands and when closing the mailbox). This is especially useful for POP3
331 # where clients often delete all mails. The downside is that our changes
332 # aren't immediately visible to other MUAs.
333 #mbox_lazy_writes = yes
334
335 # If mbox size is smaller than this (e.g. 100k), don't write index files.
336 # If an index file already exists it's still read, just not updated.
337 #mbox_min_index_size = 0
338
339 # Mail header selection algorithm to use for MD5 POP3 UIDLs when
340 # pop3_uidl_format=%m. For backwards compatibility we use apop3d inspired
341 # algorithm, but it fails if the first Received: header isn't unique in all
342 # mails. An alternative algorithm is "all" that selects all headers.
343 #mbox_md5 = apop3d
344
345 ##
346 ## mdbox-specific settings
347 ##
348
349 # Maximum dbox file size until it's rotated.
350 #mdbox_rotate_size = 2M
351
352 # Maximum dbox file age until it's rotated. Typically in days. Day begins
353 # from midnight, so 1d = today, 2d = yesterday, etc. 0 = check disabled.
354 #mdbox_rotate_interval = 0
355
356 # When creating new mdbox files, immediately preallocate their size to
357 # mdbox_rotate_size. This setting currently works only in Linux with some
358 # filesystems (ext4, xfs).
359 #mdbox_preallocate_space = no
360
361 ##
362 ## Mail attachments
363 ##
364
365 # sdbox and mdbox support saving mail attachments to external files, which
366 # also allows single instance storage for them. Other backends don't support
367 # this for now.
368
369 # Directory root where to store mail attachments. Disabled, if empty.
370 #mail_attachment_dir =
371
372 # Attachments smaller than this aren't saved externally. It's also possible to
373 # write a plugin to disable saving specific attachments externally.
374 #mail_attachment_min_size = 128k
375
376 # Filesystem backend to use for saving attachments:
377 # posix : No SiS done by Dovecot (but this might help FS's own deduplication)
378 # sis posix : SiS with immediate byte-by-byte comparison during saving
379 # sis-queue posix : SiS with delayed comparison and deduplication
380 #mail_attachment_fs = sis posix
381
382 # Hash format to use in attachment filenames. You can add any text and
383 # variables: %{md4}, %{md5}, %{sha1}, %{sha256}, %{sha512}, %{size}.
384 # Variables can be truncated, e.g. %{sha256:80} returns only first 80 bits
385 #mail_attachment_hash = %{sha1}
Und das ist die Ausgabe für/etc/postfix/main.cf
1 # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
2
3
4 # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
5 # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
6 # is /etc/mailname.
7 #myorigin = /etc/mailname
8
9 smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Raspbian)
10 biff = no
11
12 # appending .domain is the MUA's job.
13 append_dot_mydomain = no
14
15 # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
16 #delay_warning_time = 4h
17
18 readme_directory = no
19
20 # See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
21 # fresh installs.
22 compatibility_level = 2
23
24 # TLS parameters
25 smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
26 smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
27 smtpd_use_tls=yes
28 smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
29 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
30
31 # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
32 # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
33
34 myhostname = example.net
35 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
36 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
37 mydestination = example.net, localhost.localdomain, localhost
38 mynetworks = 0.0.0.0
39 #mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
40 mailbox_size_limit = 0
41 message_size_limit = 50000000
42 recipient_delimiter = +
43 home_mailbox = Maildir/
44 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
45 smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
46 smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth
47 smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
48 smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
49 broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
50 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain reject_unknown_recipient_domain reject_unauth_pipelining permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination
51 smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain
52 mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}"
53 smtp_use_tls = yes
54 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
55 smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1
56 smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium
57 smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
58 tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
59 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
60 inet_interfaces = all
Antwort1
Du hast:
mail_location = mbox:~/Maildir:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
Sie schreiben jedoch auch, dass neue Nachrichten in geschrieben werden ~/Maildir/new/. Dies ist das Maildir-Format und nicht das mbox-Format.
Ändern Sie diese Zeile in
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
und Sie sollten Ihre Nachrichten lesen können.