Según la dpkg-querypágina del manual:
Por ejemplo, esto enumerará todos los nombres de paquetes que comienzan con "libc6":
dpkg-query -l 'libc6*'
Cuando lo pruebo en Debian 10.5:
$ dpkg-query -l 'libc6*'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii libc6:amd64 2.28-10 amd64 GNU C Library: Shared libraries
un libc6-amd64 <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc6.1 <none> <none> (no description available)
Mientras aptmuestra más paquetes:
$ apt list 'libc6*'
Listing... Виконано
libc6-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-amd64-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-amd64-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-arm64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-armel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-armhf-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dbg/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-dev-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-amd64-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-amd64-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-arm64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-armel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-armhf-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-hppa-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-dev-m68k-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-powerpc-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-powerpcspe-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-ppc64-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-ppc64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-riscv64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-s390-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-sh4-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-sparc-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-dev/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-hppa-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-m68k-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips64-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-pic/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-powerpc-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-powerpcspe-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-ppc64-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-ppc64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-riscv64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-s390-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-sh4-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-sparc-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6.1-alpha-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6.1-dev-alpha-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6/stable,now 2.28-10 amd64 [installed]
¿Cómo hacer que dpkg-queryse muestren todas las coincidencias? ¿Por qué muestra sólo una selección?
Respuesta1
dpkg-querysolo se ve /var/lib/dpkg/statusde forma predeterminada y solo contiene información sobre los paquetes que están instalados actualmente o que se instalaron en el pasado.
Para ver todos los paquetes disponibles, puedes agregar la --load-availopción:
dpkg-query --load-avail -l 'libc6*'
pero eso depende de /var/lib/dpkg/availableestar actualizado. aptno toca ese archivo, usa sus propias bases de datos, por lo que tendrás que encargarte de eso tú mismo:
for file in /var/lib/apt/lists/*_Packages; do sudo dpkg --merge-avail $file; done
(Tenga en cuenta que esto no se ocupa de las descripciones traducidas, por lo que dpkg-queryno podrá mostrarlas).
Es mejor utilizarlo aptpara este tipo de consultas. dpkgtiene una vista local de paquetes, apttiene una vista basada en repositorio; por lo que las consultas basadas en repositorios se manejan mejor mediante apt.