Si hay demasiadas figuras, cambie la geometría de la página para que quepan más figuras después del texto.

Question

Mi problema es el siguiente: tengo muchas cifras que añadir en mi informe. Estas cifras suelen ser aproximadamente 0,4 de la altura de la página. Con el título, la altura es más bien 0,55 o algo así. De todos modos, dos figuras no caben en una página.

Al final me quedo con algo como esto por ejemplo:

En el archivo .tex, esto se vería así:

\documentclass[a4paper,titlepage]{article}
\usepackage[pass]{geometry}
\usepackage{changepage} 
\usepackage[margin=0.8cm]{caption}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\begin{document}

\section{Section 1}

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 1}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 2}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 3}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 4}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 5}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 6}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\clearpage
\newpage

\section{Section 2}
    Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph 

\end{document}

Por lo general, agrego una '\clearpage' '\newpage' al final de la sección para evitar que las figuras de la sección 1 se encuentren en la sección 2. Básicamente, mira la imagen, tengo:

• página 0 con el inicio del apartado y comentarios sobre la Fig. 1
• página 1 con Fig. 1 y comentarios sobre Fig. 2,3,4
• página 2 con Fig. 2 y comentarios sobre Fig. 5,6
• página 3 solo con Fig. 3
• página 4 solo con Fig. 4
• página 5 solo con Fig. 5
• página 6 con la Fig. 6.

Esta última parte, con una sola figura en las páginas 3, 4, 5 y 6 me molesta...

Me gustaría saber si hay alguna opción que me permitacambiar la geometría de las páginas para que quepan dos figuras en una página una vez que no haya más texto. En el ejemplo, tendríamos exactamente lo mismo para las páginas 0, 1 y 2, pero luego tendría

• página 3 con Fig. 3 y Fig. 4
• página 4 con la Fig. 5 y la Fig. 6.

Me imagino que claramente podría hacerlo a mano, simplemente compilando el código que ya tengo, mirando mi pdf y observando qué figuras se colocan después del texto. Luego simplemente quítelos del texto y use '\newpage', luego incluya todas estas figuras mientras cambia la geometría de estas páginas en particular... Pero no me gusta mucho esta idea y me preguntaba si era posible automatizarla.

También me pregunto si sería posible hacer esto en medio del texto: vemos que en la página 2 estamos comentando las Fig. 5 y 6, mientras que las Fig. 3 y 4 aún no se han mostrado. ¿Sería posible obligar a Latex a cambiar la geometría de esta página y permitir que la Fig. 3 aparezca justo después de la Fig. 2 (en la misma página), luego en la página siguiente tener la Fig. 4 y luego los párrafos sobre la Fig. 5? y figura 6...

entonces tendríamos

• página 0 con el inicio del apartado y comentarios sobre la Fig. 1
• página 1 con Fig. 1 y comentarios sobre Fig. 2,3,4
• página 2 con Fig. 2 y Fig. 3
• página 3 con Fig. 4 y comentarios sobre las Fig. 5 y 6
• página 4 con Fig. 5 y 6

(No sé si queda muy claro todo esto pero no dudéis en preguntar si queréis más información). Sé que debería dejar que LaTeX lo haga por mí, ya que ese es su propósito, pero me preguntaba si se podría hacer sin demasiado esfuerzo.

Gracias !

Answer 1

[h!]Simplemente le dificulta al látex colocar las figuras, se queja mucho y lo cambia para [ht!]darse una oportunidad, pero siempre debes incluirlo pa menos que tengas una muy buena razón para no hacerlo. Además, no tiene sentido usarlo de forma rutinaria, !ya que eso significa ignorar las restricciones establecidas por el usuario. Es mejor cambiar las restricciones si no son adecuadas en lugar de establecerlas y luego ignorarlas.

El código utilizado aquí para colocar dos figuras en una página flotante es un poco complicado, pero funciona bien. Personalmente, haría las figuras más pequeñas para que quepan dos en una página normal y así no sería necesario.

\documentclass[a4paper,titlepage]{article}
\usepackage[pass]{geometry}
\usepackage{changepage} 
\usepackage[margin=0.8cm]{caption}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{0.7}
\makeatletter
\setlength\@fpbot{-.5cm plus 1fil}
\setlength\@fptop{-1.5cm}
\setlength\@fpsep{-2cm plus 1fill}
\makeatother
\begin{document}

\section{Section 1}

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 1}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 2}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 3}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 4}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 5}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               FIGURE               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\makebox[\columnwidth]{\rule{\columnwidth}{10.5 cm}}
\caption{FIG 6}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\clearpage


\section{Section 2}
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\end{document}