
Solo en la última línea, mi salida aparece como ?? justo antes de \beta en la última fracción.
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amstext}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{ {images/} }
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\begin{document}
\maketitle % showing both title and author, plus and automatic date
\includegraphics{proof9}
Applying trigonometric functions to the larger right triangle, we get
\begin{align}
\sin(\alpha+\beta)&=\frac{\sin\beta+a}{\cos\alpha+b}\\
&=\frac{\sin\beta+\frac{\sin\alpha}{\cos(\alpha+\beta)}}{\cos\alpha+\sin\alpha\frac{\sin(\alpha+\beta)}{\cos(\alpha+\beta)}}\\
\textit{and}\\
\cos(\alpha+\beta)&=\frac{\cos\beta}{\cos\alpha+b}\\
&=\frac{\cos\beta}{\cos\alpha+\sin\alpha\frac{\sin(\alpha+\beta)}{\cos(\alpha+\beta)}}.
\end{align}
\end{document}
Respuesta1
Hay caracteres de ancho cero antes de la versión beta.
Si pega esa sección de texto (por ejemplo) aquí
https://w3c.github.io/xml-entities/unicode-names.html
ya verás
U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A a
U+006c LATIN SMALL LETTER L l
U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P p
U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H h
U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A a
U+002b PLUS SIGN + \mathplus +
U+200c ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER ‌
U+200b ZERO WIDTH SPACE ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
U+005c REVERSE SOLIDUS \ \backslash \textbackslash
U+0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B b
U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E e
U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T t
U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A a
mostrando que tiene U+200C y U+200B en esa posición, que debe eliminar.