Estoy intentando aprender Tikz y quiero saber si hay alguna manera de optimizar estos 2 gráficos. Gracias.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small]
\draw [dashed,-latex](-1,1) -- (1,1);
\draw [-latex](1,1) -- (3,1);
\draw [-latex](3,1) -- (5,1);
\draw [-latex](5,1) -- (7,1);
\draw [-latex](7,1) -- (9,1);
\draw [dashed,-latex](9,1) -- (11,1);
\draw [dashed,-latex](-1,3) -- (1,3);
\draw [-latex](1,3) -- (3,3);
\draw [-latex](3,3) -- (5,3);
\draw [-latex](5,3) -- (7,3);
\draw [-latex](7,3) -- (9,3);
\draw [dashed,-latex](9,3) -- (11,3);
\draw [dashed,-latex](-1,5) -- (1,5);
\draw [-latex](1,5) -- (3,5);
\draw [-latex](3,5) -- (5,5);
\draw [-latex](5,5) -- (7,5);
\draw [-latex](7,5) -- (9,5);
\draw [dashed,-latex](9,5) -- (11,5);
\draw [dashed,-latex](-1,7) -- (1,7);
\draw [-latex](1,7) -- (3,7);
\draw [-latex](3,7) -- (5,7);
\draw [-latex](5,7) -- (7,7);
\draw [-latex](7,7) -- (9,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex](9,7) -- (11,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](1,-1) -- (1,1);
\draw [-latex,blue](1,1) -- (1,3);
\draw [-latex,blue](1,3) -- (1,5);
\draw [-latex,blue](1,5) -- (1,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](1,7) -- (1,9);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](3,-1) -- (3,1);
\draw [-latex,blue](3,1) -- (3,3);
\draw [-latex,blue](3,3) -- (3,5);
\draw [-latex,blue](3,5) -- (3,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](3,7) -- (3,9);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](5,-1) -- (5,1);
\draw [-latex,blue](5,1) -- (5,3);
\draw [-latex,blue](5,3) -- (5,5);
\draw [-latex,blue](5,5) -- (5,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](5,7) -- (5,9);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](7,-1) -- (7,1);
\draw [-latex,blue](7,1) -- (7,3);
\draw [-latex,blue](7,3) -- (7,5);
\draw [-latex,blue](7,5) -- (7,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](7,7) -- (7,9);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](9,-1) -- (9,1);
\draw [-latex,blue](9,1) -- (9,3);
\draw [-latex,blue](9,3) -- (9,5);
\draw [-latex,blue](9,5) -- (9,7);
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue](9,7) -- (9,9);
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (1,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (1,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (1,5) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (1,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (5,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (9,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,5) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (5,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (5,5) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (5,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,5) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (9,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (9,5) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (9,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{} ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
%AND THIS OTHER
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small]
\draw [latex-](3,1) -- (1,3);
\draw [latex-](1,3) -- (3,3);
\draw [latex-](3,3) -- (3,1);
\draw [-latex](7,1) -- (7,3);
\draw [-latex](7,3) -- (9,3);
\draw [-latex](9,3) -- (7,1);
\draw [-latex](7,7) -- (9,7);
\draw [-latex](9,7) -- (7,9);
\draw [-latex](7,9) -- (7,7);
\draw [-latex](1,7) -- (3,9);
\draw [-latex](3,9) -- (3,7);
\draw [-latex](3,7) -- (1,7);
\draw [latex-latex,dashed,red](3,7) -- (7,3);
\draw [latex-latex,dashed,red](1,3) -- (1,7);
\draw [latex-latex,dashed,red](3,1) -- (7,1);
\draw [latex-latex,dashed,red](9,3) -- (9,7);
\draw [latex-latex,dashed,red](7,9) -- (3,9);
\draw [latex-latex,dashed,red](7,7) -- (3,3);
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=north]{(243)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=west]{(143)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=west]{(132)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (3,9) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{(123)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,1) circle (2pt) node[anchor=north]{(142)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{(234)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{(124)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (7,9) circle (2pt) node[anchor=west]{(134)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (1,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{(12)(34)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (1,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=east]{e} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (9,3) circle (2pt) node[anchor=west]{(13)(24)} ;
\filldraw[fill=black!40,draw=black!80] (9,7) circle (2pt) node[anchor=west]{(14)(23)} ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
Sé que es grande pero estoy tratando de saber escribir en este idioma. Además si conoces alguna página o libro conciso para aprender a usar Tikz me ayudaría mucho. Gracias.
Respuesta1
¿Cómo se puede evitar la repetición? Hay muchas maneras, pero aquí me centro en
\foreachbucles,- estilos,
pics
La primera figura se puede dibujar con dos \foreachbucles anidados, en los que las directivas repetidas se almacenan en estilos. La segunda figura usa una imagen con subnodos con nombre que se rotan.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,bullet/.style={inner sep=0pt,
minimum size=4pt,circle,fill=black!40,draw=black!80}]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Xmax}{5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Ymax}{4}
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX] in {1,...,\Xmax}
{\foreach \Y [remember=\Y as \LastY] in {1,...,\Ymax}
{
\node[bullet] (X\X\Y) at (2*\X,2*\Y){};
\ifnum\Y>1
\draw [-latex,blue] (X\X\LastY) -- (X\X\Y);
\else
\draw [dashed,latex-,blue] (X\X\Y) -- ++(0,-2);
\fi
\ifnum\X>1
\draw [-latex] (X\LastX\Y) -- (X\X\Y);
\else
\draw [dashed,latex-] (X\X\Y) -- ++(-2,0);
\fi
\ifnum\Y=\Ymax
\draw [dashed,-latex,blue] (X\X\Y) -- ++(0,2);
\fi
\ifnum\X=\Xmax
\draw [dashed,-latex] (X\X\Y) -- ++(2,0);
\fi
}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
%AND THIS OTHER
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,bullet/.style={inner sep=0pt,
minimum size=4pt,circle,fill=black!40,draw=black!80}]
\tikzset{pics/.cd,
tricle/.style={code={
\draw (0,0) node[bullet] (-A){} (2,0) node[bullet] (-B){} (0,2) node[bullet]
(-C){};
\draw[latex-] (-A) -- (-B);
\draw[latex-] (-B) -- (-C);
\draw[latex-] (-C) -- (-A);
}}}
\foreach \X in {1,...,4}
{\path (-45+\X*90:2cm) pic[rotate=-90+\X*90] (T-\X) {tricle};}
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX (initially 4)] in {1,...,4}
{ \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex] (T-\X-B) -- (T-\LastX-C);}
\foreach \X [count=\Y] in {{(134)},{e},{(243)},{(13)(24)}}
{ \node[anchor=\Y*90+135] at (T-\Y-C.{\Y*90-45}) {\X};}
\foreach \X [count=\Y] in {{(14)(23)},{(123)},{(12)(34)},{(142)}}
{ \node[anchor=\Y*90+135] at (T-\Y-B.{\Y*90-45}) {\X};}
\draw[dashed,red,latex-latex,text=black] (T-1-A) node[left] {(124)}
-- (T-3-A) node[right]{(143)};
\draw[dashed,red,latex-latex,text=black] (T-2-A) node[right] {(132)}
-- (T-4-A) node[left]{(234)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
Respuesta2
Primera figura:
Creé nodos y no puntos como en tu código porque te permite dibujar flechas que van de borde a borde sin cruzar los nodos.
Segunda figura:
Al no haber comprendido la lógica de la numeración textual de los nodos en la segunda figura, es posible simplificar el código de creación de los nodos, pero no el de su texto. A menos que expliques esta lógica de numeración.
\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{noeud/.style={circle,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=4pt,outer sep=0pt}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,tips= on proper draw]
% Creation of nodes
\foreach \x in {-1,1,...,9,11}{
\foreach \y in {-1,1,...,9,11}{
\node[noeud] at (\x,\y)(\x-\y){};
}
}
% Inside arrows between the nodes.
\foreach \x [remember =\x as \lastx (initially 1)] in {1,3,...,9}{
\foreach \y [remember =\y as \lasty (initially 1)] in {1,3,...,9}{
\node[noeud,draw,fill=black!40,draw=black!80] at (\x,\y){};
\draw[-latex] (\lastx-\y)--(\x-\y);
\draw[-latex,blue](\x-\lasty)--(\x-\y);
}
}
% Horizontal external arrows.
\foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \lastx using int(\x-2)] in {1,11}{
\foreach \y in {1,3,...,9}{
\draw[dashed,-latex](\lastx-\y)--(\x-\y);
}
}
% Vertical external arrows.
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \lasty using int(\y-2)] in {1,11}{
\foreach \x in {1,3,...,9}{
\draw[dashed,-latex,blue](\x-\lasty)--(\x-\y);
}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
