Error de columna de tabla

Question

Quiero incluir una columna de descripción para cada variable pero aparece este error

Aquí mi código:

 \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article} 
  \usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
  \usepackage{booktabs}
  \usepackage{natbib}
  \usepackage{eucal}
  \usepackage{lmodern}
  \usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
  \usepackage{textcomp}
   \usepackage{cuted}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
   \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
    \usepackage[english]{babel}
    \usepackage{multirow}
    \usepackage{array}
     \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}      
      \usepackage{tabulary}
       \usepackage{tabularx}
       \usepackage{varioref}
       \usepackage{multirow}
         \usepackage{ragged2e}
        \newcolumntype{L}{>{\RaggedRight}X}
        \usepackage{siunitx}                                        
        \newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
         \usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
         \usepackage{rotating}
        \usepackage{siunitx}
        \usepackage{makecell, threeparttable}
        \usepackage{xparse,xstring} % ditto     
         \newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{\scriptsize #1}}
          \newcolumntype{P}{>{\raggedright\scriptsize}p{4.5cm}}
          \newcolumntype{R}{*{5}{>{\scriptsize}c}}
          \usepackage{dcolumn}
          \newcolumntype{d}[1]{D..{#1}} 
           \newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}
    \begin{document}

   \begin{table}[h!]
     \caption{Descriptive Statistics for Banks’ financial data and macro variables}
      \label{tab1}
       \centering
        \begin{tabular}{@{}P@{\kern-30pt}R@{}}
         \toprule 
         \texttt{Variables} 
         & \mc{Description}              
         & \mc{No of observations}              
         &\mc{Mean}
         &\mc{Standard Deviation}
         &\mc{Maximum}
         &\mc{Minimum}\\[-2pt]
        \cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(lr){3-3}\cmidrule(lr){4-4}\cmidrule(lr){5-5} \cmidrule(lr) 
        {6-6} \cmidrule(lr){7-7}
 Specialization  & total loans-to-total assets ratio   & 8743 & 0.164 & 7.144 & 0659    & 0.046\\ 
 Credit quality  & Loans loss provision-to-total loans &8950  & 0.152 &5.102  &0.338    & 1.766  \\ 
 Diversification & Non-interest income-to-total income &8945  &0.245&10.172   &0.509    &0.396\\
 Profitability    &Return on assets (ROA)              &8746  &0.146&4.514    &0.132    &0.115\\
 Real GDP growth  & Quarter-over-Quarter growth        &8456  &0.045&0.612    &1.192    &0.010\\
 Log (Inflation)  &Quarter-over-Quarter growth         &8752  &0.123&3.890    &0.134    &0.118\\
 Log (unemployment rate) &Quarter-over-Quarter growth  &8563  &0.315&13.072   &0.508    &0.396\\
 Exchange rate  &Quarter-over-Quarter growth           &8745  &0.278&11.156   &0.543    &0.016\\
 \bottomrule 
   \end{tabular}
   \end{table}
    \end{document}

Answer 1

Algunos comentarios y observaciones:

• Cargas el geometrypaquete dos veces.
• Cargas inputencdos veces, con opciones incompatibles
• Tú defines \mcdos veces. Para la segunda (re)definición, debes usar \renewcommand, no \newcommand.
• Usted define el tabularentorno para que tenga 6 columnas en total, pero los datos muestran que en realidad tiene 7 columnas.
• Define algunos tipos de columnas personalizadas pero no parece estar usando mucho.

De todos modos, siempre que esté dispuesto a abreviar algunas de las celdas del encabezado, puede conformarse con los tipos básico ly cde columna.

  \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article} 
  %% (reduced the preamble to its bare minimum)
  \usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{booktabs}
  \usepackage{lmodern,eucal}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace} 
  \usepackage{siunitx}  

  \begin{document}

  \begin{table}[h!]
  \caption{Descriptive statistics for banks' financial
           data and macro variables\strut}
  \label{tab1}
  \setlength\tabcolsep{0pt} % make LaTex determine inter-col. whitespace
  \small
  \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}} 
     ll cc S[table-format=2.3] cc @{}}
  \toprule 
  Variables & Description & No of obs & Mean
  & {Std Dev} & Max & Min \\
  \midrule
 Specialization  & total loans-to-total assets ratio  & 8743 & 0.164 & 7.144 & 0659    & 0.046\\ 
 Credit quality  & Loans loss provision-to-total loans&8950  & 0.152 & 5.102 &0.338    & 1.766\\ 
 Diversification & Non-interest income-to-total income&8945  & 0.245 &10.172 &0.509    & 0.396\\
 Profitability   &Return on assets (ROA)              &8746  & 0.146 & 4.514 &0.132    & 0.115\\ 
 \addlinespace
 Real GDP growth & q-o-q growth        &8456  & 0.045 & 0.612 &1.192    & 0.010\\
 Log (Inflation) &q-o-q growth         &8752  & 0.123 & 3.890 &0.134    & 0.118\\
 Log (unempl.\ rate) &q-o-q growth     &8563  & 0.315 &13.072 &0.508    & 0.396\\
 Exchange rate   &q-o-q growth         &8745  & 0.278 &11.156 &0.543    & 0.016\\
  \bottomrule 
  \end{tabular*}
  \end{table}
  \end{document}

Answer 2

Después de limpiar el preámbulo de su documento (vea los comentarios debajo de su pregunta) y eliminar todos los paquetes y definiciones de nuevos comandos, que no son necesarios en su tabla, obtengo el siguiente resultado:

Como puede ver, escribí algunos encabezados de columna largos en dos líneas y uso abreviaturas para los nombres. De esta manera, la columna se estrecha y puede caber \textwidthusando \footnotesizela fuente tamaño:

\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage[showframe,
            margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell,  tabularx}
\usepackage{siunitx}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{Descriptive Statistics for Banks’ financial data and macro variables}
\label{tab1}
    \centering
    \footnotesize
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} l X cc S[table-format=2.3] cc @{}}
    \toprule
\texttt{Variables}
    & \makecell[b]{Description}
    & \makecell[b]{No of\\ observ.}
    & \makecell[b]{Mean}
    & {\makecell[b]{Standard\\ Deviation}}
    & \makecell[b]{Max}
    & \makecell[b]{Min}   \\
    \midrule
%\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(lr){3-3}\cmidrule(lr){4-4}\cmidrule(lr){5-5} \cmidrule(lr)
%{6-6} \cmidrule(lr){7-7}
Specialization  & total loans-to-total assets ratio   & 8743  & 0.164 &  7.144 & 0.659 & 0.046  \\
Credit quality  & Loans loss provision-to-total loans & 8950  & 0.152 &  5.102 & 0.338 & 1.766  \\
Diversification & Non-interest income-to-total income & 8945  & 0.245 & 10.172 & 0.509 & 0.396  \\
Profitability   & Return on assets (ROA)              & 8746  & 0.146 &  4.514 & 0.132 & 0.115  \\
Real GDP growth & Quarter-over-Quarter growth         & 8456  & 0.045 &  0.612 & 1.192 & 0.010  \\
Log (Inflation) & Quarter-over-Quarter growth         & 8752  & 0.123 &  3.890 & 0.134 & 0.118  \\
Log (unemployment rate) 
                & Quarter-over-Quarter growth         & 8563  & 0.315 & 13.072 & 0.508 & 0.396  \\
Exchange rate   & Quarter-over-Quarter growth         & 8745  & 0.278 & 11.156 & 0.543 & 0.016  \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
    \end{table}
\end{document}