Cómo formatear un sistema largo de ecuaciones

Question

Me preguntaba cómo se pueden formatear sistemas largos de ecuaciones en los que es necesario dividir las ecuaciones. quiero replicar esto

Aquí están las 3 ecuaciones escritas:

    \begin{equation}
    \frac{\partial u_r}{\partial t}+u_r\frac{\partial u_r}{\partial r}+\frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\frac{\partial u_r}{\partial \theta }-\frac{u_{\theta }^2}{r}+u_z\frac{\partial u_r}{\partial z}=\frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(ru_r\right)\right)+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2u_r}{\partial \theta ^2}+\frac{\partial ^2u_r}{\partial z^2}-\frac{2}{r^2}\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }\right]-\frac{1}{\rho }\frac{\partial P}{\partial r}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
    \frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial t}+u_r\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial r}+\frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }-\frac{u_ru_{\theta }}{r}+u_z\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial z}=\frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(ru_{\theta }\right)\right)+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta ^2}+\frac{\partial ^2u_{\theta }}{\partial z^2}+\frac{2}{r^2}\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }\right]-\frac{1}{r\rho }\frac{\partial P}{\partial \theta }
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
    \frac{\partial u_z}{\partial t}+u_r\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial r}+\frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial \theta }+u_z\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial z}=\frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(r\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial \:r}\right)+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2u_z}{\partial \theta ^2}+\frac{\partial ^2u_z}{\partial z^2}\right]-\frac{1}{\rho }\frac{\partial P}{\partial \theta }+g_z
\end{equation}

Puedo dividir las ecuaciones individualmente, pero no sé cómo enumerarlas en el formato que se muestra arriba. Cualquier cosa ayuda. Gracias.

Answer 1

Algo como esto:

He utilizado un align*entorno delmatemáticaspaquete con alineación después del primer signo + y algunos \notagcomandos para suprimir números de ecuaciones intermedias. A diferencia del OP, sugiero encarecidamente que los iguales comiencen la segunda línea de las ecuaciones en lugar de estar al final de la primera línea.

Aquí está el código:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}

   \begin{align}
      \frac{\partial u_r}{\partial t}+&u_r\frac{\partial u_r}{\partial r}
        +\frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\frac{\partial u_r}{\partial \theta }
        -\frac{u_{\theta }^2}{r}+u_z\frac{\partial u_r}{\partial z}
      \\ &=\frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{\partial }{\partial r}
          \left(\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(ru_r\right)\right)
            +\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2u_r}{\partial \theta ^2}
            +\frac{\partial ^2u_r}{\partial z^2}
            -\frac{2}{r^2}\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }\right]
            -\frac{1}{\rho }\frac{\partial P}{\partial r}\notag\\
      \frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial t}+&u_r\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial r}
           +\frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }
                -\frac{u_ru_{\theta }}{r}+u_z\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial z}\\
        &=\frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{\partial }{\partial r}
              \left(\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(ru_{\theta }\right)\right)
              +\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta ^2}
              +\frac{\partial ^2u_{\theta }}{\partial z^2}
              +\frac{2}{r^2}\frac{\partial u_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }\right]
              -\frac{1}{r\rho }\frac{\partial P}{\partial \theta }
      \notag\\
      \frac{\partial u_z}{\partial t}+&u_r\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial r}
          +\frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial \theta }
              +u_z\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial z}\\
          &=\frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}
              \left(r\frac{\partial u_z}{\partial \:r}\right)
                  +\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2u_z}{\partial \theta ^2}
                      +\frac{\partial ^2u_z}{\partial z^2}\right]
                          -\frac{1}{\rho }\frac{\partial P}{\partial \theta }+g_z\notag
  \end{align}

\end{document}

Answer 2

Otro código con align, pero incluyendo las descripciones de la izquierda, y una sintaxis más sencilla con el diffcoeffpaquete:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry} 
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{diffcoeff} 

\begin{document}

\begin{align}
r\text{-momentum:} & & & \diffp{u_r}{t} + u_r\diffp{u_r}{r} + \frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\diffp{u_r}{\theta }-\frac{u_{\theta }^2}{r} + u_z\diffp{u_r}{z} = \\
\notag & & & \frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\diffp{}{r}\left(\frac{1}{r}\diffp{}{r}\left(ru_r\right)\right) + \frac{1}{r^2}\diffp[2]{u_r}{\theta} + \diffp[2]{u_r}{z}-\frac{2}{r^2}\diffp{u_{\theta }}{\theta }\right]-\frac{1}{\rho }\diffp{P}{r}\\[2ex]
%
\theta\text{-momentum:} & & & \diffp{u_{\theta }}{t} + u_r\diffp{u_{\theta }}{r} + \frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\diffp{u_{\theta }}{\theta }-\frac{u_ru_{\theta }}{r} + u_z\diffp{u_{\theta }}{z} = \\
\notag & & & \frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\diffp{}{r}\left(\frac{1}{r}\diffp{}{r}\left(ru_{\theta }\right)\right) + \frac{1}{r^2}\diffp[2]{u_{\theta }}{\theta} + \diffp[2]{u_{\theta }}{z} + \frac{2}{r^2}\diffp{u_{\theta }}{\theta }\right]-\frac{1}{r\rho }\diffp{P}{\theta } \\[2ex]
%
z\text{-momentum:} & & & \diffp{u_z}{t} + u_r\diffp{u_z}{r} + \frac{u_{\theta }}{r}\diffp{u_z}{\theta } + u_z\diffp{u_z}{z} = \\
 \notag & & & \frac{\mu }{\rho \:}\left[\frac{1}{r}\diffp{}{r}\left(r\diffp{u_z}{\:r}\right) + \frac{1}{r^2}\diffp[2]{u_z}{\theta} + \diffp[2]{u_z}{z}\right]-\frac{1}{\rho }\diffp{P}{\theta } + g_z
\end{align}

\end{document}