Estoy intentando hacer un archivo con todos los ejercicios que tengo y encuentro algunos problemas de justificación con algunas líneas. Estoy usando MikTex con TexMaker (5.0.3). Aquí está mi código:
%mathématiques - fichier numérique de tous mes exercices
%----------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} %pour le symbole n°
\frenchbsetup{StandardLists=true} % pour les listes avec \enumitem : à inclure si on utilise
\usepackage{enumitem}
% spécification des marges, taille papier
%\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
%\geometry{hscale=0.85,vscale=0.85,centering}
%\usepackage{fullpage} % une autre solution, pas testée
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[C]{}
\fancyhead[L]{}
\fancyhead[R]{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot[C]{}
\fancyfoot[L]{}
\fancyfoot[R]{\raggedright\mbox{\frakfamily\fraklines\yinipar{S}}}
\usepackage[left=2cm,right=1cm,top=1cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry}
% fin de la définition des marges
\usepackage{frcursive}
\usepackage{yfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
% le package qui pemet de définir des unités et leur affichage
\usepackage{siunitx} % Alignement des valeurs etc.
\sisetup{
round-mode = places, % Rounds numbers
round-precision = 2, % to 2 places
}
\usepackage{xcolor} % pour les couleurs sur les règles graduées par exemple
\definecolor{shamrockgreen}{rgb}{0.0, 0.62, 0.38}
\definecolor{rose}{rgb}{1.0, 0.0, 0.5}
\definecolor{richlavender}{rgb}{0.67, 0.38, 0.8}
\definecolor{tangelo}{rgb}{0.98, 0.3, 0.0}
%----------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
\noindent MATH\'EMATIQUES
\newline
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Un exemple de repère:\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,0) node[below left]{$O$};
\draw[->] (-0.4,0) -- (1,0);
\draw[dashed] (-1.1,0) -- (-0.4,0);
\draw (1,0) node[below]{$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-0.4) -- (0,1);
\draw[dashed] (0,-0.8)-- (0,-0.4);
\draw (0,1) node[left]{$y$};
\draw [dashed] (1,0) -- (2.4,0);
\draw [dashed] (0,1) -- (0,2.4);
\draw [dashed] (2,2) -- (2,0) node[below] {$2$};
\draw [dashed] (2,2) -- (0,2) node[left] {$2$};
\fill [red] (2,2) node[above=2mm,right]{$\alpha(2,2)$} ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
%les exercices
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 13 p29: placer les points dans le repère\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,0) node[below left]{$O$};
\draw[->] (-4,0) -- (0,0) -- (5,0);
\draw (1,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (1,0) node [below]{$1$};
\draw[->] (0,-4.5) --(0,0) -- (0,2);
\draw (0,1) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,1) node[left]{$1$};
%le point A(-3,-4)
\draw [dashed] (-3,-4) -- (-3,0) node[above] {$-3$};
\draw [dashed] (-3,-4) -- (0,-4) node[right] {$-4$};
\draw (-3,-4) node[below left]{$A(-3,-4)$};
\fill[green] (-3,-4) node{$\bullet$};
%le point B(4,-2)
\draw [dashed] (4,-2) -- (4,0) node[above] {$4$};
\draw [dashed] (4,-2) -- (0,-2) node[left] {$-2$};
\draw (4,-2) node[below right]{$B(4,-2)$};
\fill[orange] (4,-2) node{$\bullet$};
%le point C(3,-2)
\draw [dashed] (3,-2) -- (3,0) node[above] {$3$};
\draw [dashed] (3,-2) -- (0,-2) node[left] {$-2$};
\draw (3,-2) node[above left]{$C(3,-2)$};
\fill[cyan] (3,-2) node{$\bullet$};
%le point D(2,1)
\draw [dashed] (2,1) -- (2,0) node[below] {$2$};
\draw [dashed] (2,1) -- (0,1) node[left] {$1$};
\draw (2,1) node[above right]{$D(2,1)$};
\fill[blue] (2,1) node{$\bullet$};
%le point E(-2,-3)
\draw [dashed] (-2,-3) -- (-2,0) node[above] {$-2$};
\draw [dashed] (-2,-3) -- (0,-3) node[right] {$-3$};
\draw (-2,-3) node[below]{$E(-2,-3)$};
\fill[red] (-2,-3) node{$\bullet$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 7 p28: placer les points sur la droite\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=4]
\draw[->] [ultra thick] (-6.4,0) -- (-3.4,0);
\draw[step=0.1][very thin, gray] (-6.52,-0.24) grid (-3.18,0.24);
\draw (-5,0) node [above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-5,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-4.5,0) node [above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-4.5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4.5,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-4,0) node[above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4,0) node {$|$};
%placement d'un tiret à l'abscisse -4.5
%\node at (-4.5,0) {$|$};
%le point A(-6,0)
\draw (-6,0) node[above=5pt,fill=white]{$A(-6)$};
\fill[orange] (-6,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point B(-5.6,0)
\draw (-5.6,0) node[below=1.2mm,fill=white]{$B(-5.6)$};
\fill[blue] (-5.6,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point C(-4.8,0)
\draw (-4.8,0) node[below=1.3mm,fill=white]{$C(-4.8)$};
\fill[red] (-4.8,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point D(-3.8,0)
\draw (-3.8,0) node[below=3pt,fill=white]{$D(-3.8)$};
\fill[green] (-3.8,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point E(-3.6,0)
\draw (-3.6,0) node[above=5pt,fill=white]{$E(-3.6)$};
\fill[cyan] (-3.6,0) node{$\bullet$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\newpage
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 9 p176:\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5]
\draw[->] [thick] (-5.5,0) -- (3.5,0);
\draw (-5,0) node [below=5pt]{$-5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4,0) node [below=5pt]{$-4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-3,0) node [below=5pt]{$-3\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-2,0) node [below=5pt]{$-2\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-1,0) node [below=5pt]{$-1\phantom{-}$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt, red]{$0$};
\node at (0,0) {$|$};
\draw (1,0) node [below=5pt]{$1$};
\draw (2,0) node [below=5pt]{$2$};
\node at (2,0) {$|$};
\draw (3,0) node [below=5pt]{$3$};
\node at (3,0) {$|$};
%le point F(-5,0)
\draw (-5,0) node[above=5pt, rose]{$F$};
\fill[rose] (-5,0) node{$\times$};
%le point G(-4,0)
\draw (-4,0) node[above=5pt, shamrockgreen]{$G$};
\fill[shamrockgreen] (-4,0) node{$\times$};
%le point O(-3,0)
\draw (-3,0) node[above=5pt, richlavender]{$O$};
\fill[richlavender] (-3,0) node{$\times$};
%le point I(-2,0)
\draw (-2,0) node[above=5pt, red]{$I$};
\fill[red] (-2,0) node{$\times$};
%le point M(-1,0)
\draw (-1,0) node[above=5pt, tangelo]{$M$};
\fill[tangelo] (-1,0) node{$\times$};
%le point S(1,0)
\draw (1,0) node[above=5pt, blue]{$S$};
\fill[blue] (1,0) node{$\times$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item $OF = IG = OM = MS = 2$
\item $\begin{aligned}[t]
&OI &=1 \\
&OM &=2 \\
&GS &=5 \\
&MG &=3
\end{aligned}$
\item calcul des distances $GS$ et $MF$
\newline
$OM = MS$ donc $GS = GM + OM = GM + MS$
\newline
$OM = OF$ donc $MF = MO + OF = 2.MO$
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 12 p29:\end{cursive}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item les abscisses des points sont en bleu:
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=15]
\draw[->] [thick](-0.68,0) -- (0.13,0);
\draw[step=0.01][very thin, gray] (-0.68,-0.06) grid (0.13,0.06);
%le point M
\draw (-0.6,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$M$};
\draw (-0.6,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.6,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,6\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.5,0) node {$|$};
%le point N
\draw (-0.4,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$N$};
\draw (-0.4,0) node [below=5pt]{$-0,4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.4,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.3,0) node [below=5pt]{$-0,3\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.3,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.2,0) node {$|$};
%le point 0
\draw (-0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$O$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,1\phantom{-}$};
\draw (0,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt]{$0$};
%le point P
\draw (0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$P$};
\draw (0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$0,1$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\item les points S et T :
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=15]
\draw[->] [thick](-0.22,0) -- (0.78,0);
\draw[step=0.01][very thin, gray] (-0.22,-0.06) grid (0.78,0.06);
\draw (-0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$O$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt]{$0$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$P$};
\draw (0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [below=5pt]{$0,1$};
%le point T
\draw (-0.16,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$T$};
\draw (-0.16,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.16,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,16\phantom{-}$};
%le point S
\draw (0.7,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$S$};
\draw (0.7,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.7,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$0,7$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{enumerate}
\newpage
%exemples de tableau
\noindent\begin{cursive}Des tableaux:\end{cursive}
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|c|r} % Alignements: left, center, right
\textbf{Val 1} & \textbf{Val 2} & \textbf{Val 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Valeurs basiques}
\vspace{1cm}
\label{tab:table2}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r} % c devient S ==> unitsx
\textbf{Val 1} & \textbf{Val 2} & \textbf{Val 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Valeurs alignées et arrondies}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%exemples d'équation
\noindent\begin{cursive}Des équations:\end{cursive}
\begin{gather*}
2x - 5y = 8 \\
3x^2 + 9y = 3a + c
\end{gather*}
\begin{align*}
2x - 5y &= 8 \\
3x + 9y &= -12
\end{align*}
\begin{align*}
x&=y & w&=z & a&=b+c\\
2x&=-y & 3w&=\frac{1}{2}z & a&=b\\
-4 + 5x&=2+y & w+2&=-1+w & ab&=cb
\end{align*}
\end{document}
y aquí está el resultado que tengo con:
MATEMÁTICASy la siguiente línea debe estar alineada verticalmente, pero hay una pequeña sangría en la segunda línea incluso cuando coloco el \noindentinterruptor. Además, \vspaceno se entiende (lo quité y lo volví a colocar) mientras que hice lo contrario con \newline: \vspacees inútil.
¿Cómo puedo alinear estas líneas? Si el problema es la elección de fuente sugerida por Denis, ¿tengo que reemplazarla con las mismas fuentes en todas partes?
gracias por ayudar.
Respuesta1
En el siguiente ejemplo, lo he utilizado \setlength{parindent}para eliminar globalmente la sangría. Por tanto, no es necesario repetirlo \noindentuna y otra vez. Además, lo reemplacé \newline \vspace{1cm}con una simple línea vacía. Con estos cambios, obtienes el siguiente resultado:
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} %pour le symbole n°
\frenchbsetup{StandardLists=true} % pour les listes avec \enumitem : à inclure si on utilise
\usepackage{frcursive}
\usepackage{yfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
%----------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
MATH\'EMATIQUES
\begin{cursive}Un exemple de repère:\end{cursive}
\end{document}