Tengo una figura que contiene tres subfiguras con títulos y un título para toda la figura, que en conjunto ocupa más de una página completa.
Puedo cambiar la geometría de la página particular donde aparece la figura para que encaje, pero luego LaTex deja espacios en blanco, ya que el cambio de geometría parece crear un salto de página donde se inserta. Intenté poner los cambios de geometría dentro del flotador, para que LaTex pudiera tratarlo como un flotador y simplemente cambiar el tamaño de la página en la que aparece la figura, pero esto solo me dio un montón de errores.
También intenté poner la figura exactamente donde la quiero en el documento, pero eso está dentro de un párrafo, que está dividido por la figura. Para que aparezca visualmente es si el párrafo continúa después de la figura, he intentado \newlineextender la última línea de la página antes de la figura y \noindenten la siguiente para que aparezca si no hay un párrafo nuevo, pero luego creo que \newlinecomienza un Nueva línea que da como resultado una página entera en blanco antes de mi figura, que no es en absoluto lo que quiero.
También intenté usar el \makeboxcomando. Esto funciona si inserto cada uno subfiguredentro de un cuadro, pero no sé cómo disminuir el margen superior, que es necesario para que encaje. También necesito hacer que el título de toda la figura sea más ancho, pero cuando creo un cuadro más ancho que \textwidthlas cosas ya no están centradas, y cuando intento poner toda la figura dentro makebox, no se compila.
¿Hay alguna manera de hacer que un flotador sea más grande que una página para que se comporte bien o estirar una línea para que quepa \textwidthsin comenzar una nueva línea, como \newlineparece ser el caso?
Como parece que mi pregunta no está clara, creo que debería proporcionar un código de ejemplo. Lamento la extensión, pero si lo compilas creo que es bastante fácil entender cuál es mi problema. Si no, por favor dímelo e intentaré preguntar mejor. No sé cómo agregar el documento compilado a la pregunta, o lo haría.
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{braket}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\section{See last part of this section}
\lipsum[1-8]
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{And then there is some more text which I made large and bold here so you wont miss is. The important thing is that there is a paragraph right before the figure, and I don't what that to leave a pretty much empty page as it has here.}}
\onecolumn
\begin{figure}
\centering
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{\textbf{\large{All captions to this figure are really long, and at you can see they don't fit into the page.}} Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A this really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\onecolumn
\caption{And a caption for the whole figure. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\twocolumn
\end{figure}
\twocolumn
\section{Then I tried the geometry package, please read the last paragraph also here}
\lipsum[1-7]
\vspace{100pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{The geometry package has worked best so far.}} Then I can make the figure fit by changing the top margin. However I still have the
\newgeometry{textwidth=19.5cm,textheight=29cm,top=1.5cm, bottom=3cm}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{Let's skip the figure as you now know why it is too big.}
\end{figure*}
\restoregeometry
problem that the figure does not fit nicely within the paragraph, but a lot of white space appears. I tried to avoid this by placing the figure exactly where I wanted it within the paragraph. As you can see, the paragraph is broken by the figure, which does not seem to be allowed to float and just change the geometry of the page it happens to appear on. Do you see my problem?
\section{Then I tried to avoid the breaking of the paragraph, at least visually}
\lipsum[1-6]
\vspace{120pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
So I tried to visually make it seem as there was not break in the paragraph by using the \textbackslash newline and \textbackslash noindent commands, but as you can see, this gave me an entire blank page before the figure which I \newline
\newgeometry{textwidth=19.5cm,textheight=29cm,top=1.5cm, bottom=3cm}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{I've been using the starred figure because I want the figure to span the entire page, as I have a twocolumn environment otherwise.}
\end{figure*}
\restoregeometry
\noindent don't know how to get rid of!
I hope my question(s) are more clear now. And I am sorry for all the messy code, but I do think it is essential for understanding my problem. I hope you can help me. :)
\end{document}
Respuesta1
la página en blanco después del párrafo en negrita se debe simplemente a que forzó un salto de página con \onecolumn. No estoy seguro del diseño que desea, pero desea evitar pausas forzadas y usar el *formulario para permitir flotaciones en toda la página, algo así como
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{braket}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newenvironment{outdent}
{\list{}{\leftmargin-1cm
\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
\item\relax}
{\endlist}
\begin{document}
\section{See last part of this section}
\lipsum[1-8]
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{And then there is some more text which I made large and bold here so you wont miss is. The important thing is that there is a paragraph right before the figure, and I don't what that to leave a pretty much empty page as it has here.}}
\begin{figure*}
\vspace*{-50pt}
\begin{outdent}
\centering
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{\textbf{\large{All captions to this figure are really long, and at you can see they don't fit into the page.}} Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A this really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\caption{And a caption for the whole figure. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\vspace*{-5pt}
\end{outdent}
\end{figure*}
\section{Then I tried the geometry package, please read the last paragraph also here}
\lipsum[1-7]
\vspace{100pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{The geometry package has worked best so far.}} Then I can make the figure fit by changing the top margin. However I still have the
\begin{figure*}
\begin{outdent}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{Let's skip the figure as you now know why it is too big.}
\end{outdent}
\end{figure*}
problem that the figure does not fit nicely within the paragraph, but a lot of white space appears. I tried to avoid this by placing the figure exactly where I wanted it within the paragraph. As you can see, the paragraph is broken by the figure, which does not seem to be allowed to float and just change the geometry of the page it happens to appear on. Do you see my problem?
\section{Then I tried to avoid the breaking of the paragraph, at least visually}
\lipsum[1-6]
\vspace{120pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
So I tried to visually make it seem as there was not break in the paragraph by using the \textbackslash newline and \textbackslash noindent commands, but as you can see, this gave me an entire blank page before the figure which I \newline
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{I've been using the starred figure because I want the figure to span the entire page, as I have a twocolumn environment otherwise.}
\end{figure*}
\noindent don't know how to get rid of!
I hope my question(s) are more clear now. And I am sorry for all the messy code, but I do think it is essential for understanding my problem. I hope you can help me. :)
\end{document}
Respuesta2
En el MWE, el texto de \lipsum[4]retoma en la página 1, evitando así el espacio vacío al pie de página al que hacía referencia el OP.
Utilicé a \makebox[\textwidth]{}para extender una imagen extra ancha más allá de los márgenes horizontales. Utilicé a \smashpara contraer la extensión vertical de la imagen. Sin embargo, solo esto dejaría el título en la mitad de la página verticalmente, por lo que tuve que agregar \rulea la imagen minipage, para empujar el título hacia abajo, la extensión de la regla es menor \textheighty rige la ubicación final del título.
\documentclass[11pt]{report}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-3]
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\rule{0pt}{7.5in}%
\smash{\makebox[\textwidth]{\includegraphics[width=7in,height=8.5in]{x}}}
\end{minipage}
\caption{this is my figure caption}
\end{figure}
\lipsum[4-9]
\end{document}
