줄에 있는 단어의 순서 변경

Question

학생 이름이 포함된 파일을 인쇄하려고 합니다.

muhaz:x:6541:113:AhmmedMuhaz Mohammed Kunhi Mulleria:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash

내 출력은 다음과 같아야 합니다.

muhaz:x:6541:113:Mulleria Mohammed Kunhi AhmmedMuhaz:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash

이것이 내가 시도한 것이지만 전혀 작동하지 않습니다.

cat /etc/passwd | tail -n 20 | sed -r 's/.*[[:alpha:]]+([[:blank:]][[:alpha:]]+)*.*/\3\2\1/'

명령은 어떻게 나타나야 하며 무엇이 잘못되었나요?

항목 파일:

rovshan:x:6532:113:Rovshan Ahmadli:/home/students/rovshan:/bin/bash
smith_63:x:6533:113:Smith Pataraprasitpon:/home/students/smith_63:/bin/bash
rashad:x:6534:113:Rashad Mahmudov:/home/students/rashad:/bin/bash
dilgamsh:x:6535:113:Dilgam Sharifov:/home/students/dilgamsh:/bin/bash
nlk_ns:x:6536:113:Nurlan Zhangali:/home/students/nlk_ns:/bin/bash
karpwiol:x:6537:113:WK:/home/students/karpwiol:/bin/bash
yigit123:x:6538:113:Mustafa Yigit Ersoz:/home/students/yigit123:/bin/bash
orxan123:x:6539:113:Orkhan Abiyev:/home/students/orxan123:/bin/bash
valiyev:x:6540:113:rufat valiyev:/home/students/valiyev:/bin/bash
muhaz:x:6541:113:AhmmedMuhaz Mohammed Kunhi Mulleria:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash
fatihebr:x:6542:113:Fatih Ocal:/home/students/fatihebr:/bin/bash
mrgo_g:x:6543:113:margarita gagaeva:/home/students/mrgo_g:/bin/bash
chrisd48:x:6544:113:Christian Hibestu:/home/students/chrisd48:/bin/bash
qwertinx:x:6545:113:Jakub Kaczmarczyk:/home/students/qwertinx:/bin/bash
grrronek:x:6546:113:Katarzyna Gro▒ska:/home/students/grrronek:/bin/bash
shahin:x:6547:113:Shahin Mehrabov:/home/students/shahin:/bin/bash
soufroud:x:6548:113:sofiane bouzroud:/home/students/soufroud:/bin/bash
jtrojak0:x:6549:113:Joanna Trojak:/home/students/jtrojak0:/bin/bash
jtrojak1:x:6550:113:Joanna Trojak:/home/students/jtrojak1:/bin/bash
markam:x:6551:113:Marcel Kami▒ski:/home/students/markam:/bin/bash

내가 달성하려는 것은 예를 들면 다음과 같습니다.

shahin:x:6547:113:Mehrabov Shahin:/home/students/shahin:/bin/bash
jtrojak1:x:6550:113:Trojak Joanna:/home/students/jtrojak1:/bin/bash
yigit123:x:6538:113:Ersoz Yigit Mustafa:/home/students/yigit123:/bin/bash

Answer 1

sed문자열이 고유하다고 가정하고 GNU를 사용하여 이를 시도할 수 있습니다. 그렇지 않은 경우 주석을 달아주세요.

sed -E 's/:(\w+) (\w+) (\w+) (\w+):/:\4 \2 \3 \1:/' file

산출:

muhaz:x:6541:113:Mulleria Mohammed Kunhi AhmmedMuhaz:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash

Answer 2

구조화된 데이터의 경우 Awk와 같은 도구가 더 적합할 수 있습니다.

$ echo 'muhaz:x:6541:113:AhmmedMuhaz Mohammed Kunhi Mulleria:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash' | awk -F: '
    BEGIN {OFS=FS} 
    {n=split($5,a,/ /); $5 = a[n]; for(i=2;i<n;i++) $5 = $5 " " a[i]; $5 = $5 " " a[1]}
    {print}
  '
muhaz:x:6541:113:Mulleria Mohammed Kunhi AhmmedMuhaz:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash

Answer 3

GNU sed를 사용하면 다음과 같이 할 수 있습니다.

$ sed -r '
    s/:/\n/4;s//\n/4
    s/\n(\S+)(.*\s)(\S+)\n/:\3\2\1:/
    y/\n/:/
' file

찾을 수 없는 고유 마커를 사용하여 다섯 번째 필드를 표시합니다.

그런 다음 양쪽에 마커로 가려진 부분 내에서 첫 번째 단어와 마지막 단어를 뒤집습니다.

위의 단계가 진행되지 않은 경우 예를 들어 중앙 아시아 사람들처럼 이름이 하나만 있다고 가정하고 해당 마커를 제거합니다.

sed default는 패턴 공간을 인쇄합니다.

Answer 4

gensub()에 대한 GNU awk를 사용하면 다음과 같습니다.

$ gawk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"} {$5=gensub(/^(\S+)((\s+\S+)*\s+)(\S+)$/,"\\4\\2\\1",1,$5)} 1' file
rovshan:x:6532:113:Ahmadli Rovshan:/home/students/rovshan:/bin/bash
smith_63:x:6533:113:Pataraprasitpon Smith:/home/students/smith_63:/bin/bash
rashad:x:6534:113:Mahmudov Rashad:/home/students/rashad:/bin/bash
dilgamsh:x:6535:113:Sharifov Dilgam:/home/students/dilgamsh:/bin/bash
nlk_ns:x:6536:113:Zhangali Nurlan:/home/students/nlk_ns:/bin/bash
karpwiol:x:6537:113:WK:/home/students/karpwiol:/bin/bash
yigit123:x:6538:113:Ersoz Yigit Mustafa:/home/students/yigit123:/bin/bash
orxan123:x:6539:113:Abiyev Orkhan:/home/students/orxan123:/bin/bash
valiyev:x:6540:113:valiyev rufat:/home/students/valiyev:/bin/bash
muhaz:x:6541:113:Mulleria Mohammed Kunhi AhmmedMuhaz:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash
fatihebr:x:6542:113:Ocal Fatih:/home/students/fatihebr:/bin/bash
mrgo_g:x:6543:113:gagaeva margarita:/home/students/mrgo_g:/bin/bash
chrisd48:x:6544:113:Hibestu Christian:/home/students/chrisd48:/bin/bash
qwertinx:x:6545:113:Kaczmarczyk Jakub:/home/students/qwertinx:/bin/bash
grrronek:x:6546:113:Gro▒ska Katarzyna:/home/students/grrronek:/bin/bash
shahin:x:6547:113:Mehrabov Shahin:/home/students/shahin:/bin/bash
soufroud:x:6548:113:bouzroud sofiane:/home/students/soufroud:/bin/bash
jtrojak0:x:6549:113:Trojak Joanna:/home/students/jtrojak0:/bin/bash
jtrojak1:x:6550:113:Trojak Joanna:/home/students/jtrojak1:/bin/bash
markam:x:6551:113:Kami▒ski Marcel:/home/students/markam:/bin/bash

ERE를 지원하기 위해 인수를 사용하는 sed -E(예: GNU 또는 OSX/BSD sed):

$ sed -E 's/(([^:]*:){4})([^[:space:]:]+)(([[:space:]]+[^[:space:]:]+)*[[:space:]]+)([^[:space:]:]+)/\1\6\4\3/' file
rovshan:x:6532:113:Ahmadli Rovshan:/home/students/rovshan:/bin/bash
smith_63:x:6533:113:Pataraprasitpon Smith:/home/students/smith_63:/bin/bash
rashad:x:6534:113:Mahmudov Rashad:/home/students/rashad:/bin/bash
dilgamsh:x:6535:113:Sharifov Dilgam:/home/students/dilgamsh:/bin/bash
nlk_ns:x:6536:113:Zhangali Nurlan:/home/students/nlk_ns:/bin/bash
karpwiol:x:6537:113:WK:/home/students/karpwiol:/bin/bash
yigit123:x:6538:113:Ersoz Yigit Mustafa:/home/students/yigit123:/bin/bash
orxan123:x:6539:113:Abiyev Orkhan:/home/students/orxan123:/bin/bash
valiyev:x:6540:113:valiyev rufat:/home/students/valiyev:/bin/bash
muhaz:x:6541:113:Mulleria Mohammed Kunhi AhmmedMuhaz:/home/students/muhaz:/bin/bash
fatihebr:x:6542:113:Ocal Fatih:/home/students/fatihebr:/bin/bash
mrgo_g:x:6543:113:gagaeva margarita:/home/students/mrgo_g:/bin/bash
chrisd48:x:6544:113:Hibestu Christian:/home/students/chrisd48:/bin/bash
qwertinx:x:6545:113:Kaczmarczyk Jakub:/home/students/qwertinx:/bin/bash
grrronek:x:6546:113:Gro▒ska Katarzyna:/home/students/grrronek:/bin/bash
shahin:x:6547:113:Mehrabov Shahin:/home/students/shahin:/bin/bash
soufroud:x:6548:113:bouzroud sofiane:/home/students/soufroud:/bin/bash
jtrojak0:x:6549:113:Trojak Joanna:/home/students/jtrojak0:/bin/bash
jtrojak1:x:6550:113:Trojak Joanna:/home/students/jtrojak1:/bin/bash
markam:x:6551:113:Kami▒ski Marcel:/home/students/markam:/bin/bash