캡션이 있는 세 개의 하위 그림과 전체 그림에 대한 캡션이 포함된 그림이 있는데, 이 그림은 모두 합쳐서 전체 페이지보다 더 많은 양을 차지합니다.
그림이 맞도록 나타나는 특정 페이지의 기하학을 변경할 수 있지만 LaTex는 기하학 변경으로 인해 삽입된 위치에 페이지 나누기가 생성되는 것처럼 보이기 때문에 공백을 남깁니다. 나는 기하학 변경 사항을 float 내부에 넣으려고 했기 때문에 LaTex는 그것을 float처럼 취급하고 그림이 나타나는 페이지의 크기만 변경할 수 있었지만 이로 인해 많은 오류가 발생했습니다.
또한 문서에서 원하는 위치에 그림을 정확하게 배치하려고 시도했지만 단락 내부에 그림이 깨져 있습니다. 시각적으로 표시하려면 그림 뒤에 단락이 계속되는 경우 \newline그림 앞 페이지의 마지막 줄을 확장하고 \noindent새 단락이 없으면 다음 페이지에 나타나도록 시도했지만 다음이 \newline시작되는 것 같습니다. 내 그림 앞에 전체 빈 페이지가 생기는 새 줄은 내가 원하는 것이 아닙니다.
나는 또한 명령을 사용해 보았습니다 \makebox. 상자 안에 각각을 삽입하면 작동 subfigure하지만 상자에 맞게 만드는 데 필요한 위쪽 여백을 줄이는 방법을 모르겠습니다. 또한 전체 그림에 대한 캡션을 더 넓게 만들어야 하는데, \textwidth사물보다 더 넓은 상자를 만들면 더 이상 중앙에 있지 않고 전체 그림을 안에 넣으려고 하면 makebox컴파일되지 않습니다.
\textwidth보기 좋게 동작하도록 페이지보다 플로트를 크게 만들거나 새 줄을 시작하지 않고 줄을 늘려서 줄을 늘릴 수 있는 방법이 있나요 \newline?
내 질문이 다소 불분명한 것 같아서 예제 코드를 제공해야 한다고 생각합니다. 내용이 길어서 죄송합니다. 하지만 컴파일해 보면 내 문제가 무엇인지 이해하기가 다소 쉬울 것 같습니다. 그렇지 않은 경우 알려주시면 더 나은 질문을 하도록 노력하겠습니다. 컴파일된 문서를 질문에 추가하는 방법을 모르겠습니다.
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{braket}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\section{See last part of this section}
\lipsum[1-8]
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{And then there is some more text which I made large and bold here so you wont miss is. The important thing is that there is a paragraph right before the figure, and I don't what that to leave a pretty much empty page as it has here.}}
\onecolumn
\begin{figure}
\centering
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{\textbf{\large{All captions to this figure are really long, and at you can see they don't fit into the page.}} Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A this really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\onecolumn
\caption{And a caption for the whole figure. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\twocolumn
\end{figure}
\twocolumn
\section{Then I tried the geometry package, please read the last paragraph also here}
\lipsum[1-7]
\vspace{100pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{The geometry package has worked best so far.}} Then I can make the figure fit by changing the top margin. However I still have the
\newgeometry{textwidth=19.5cm,textheight=29cm,top=1.5cm, bottom=3cm}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{Let's skip the figure as you now know why it is too big.}
\end{figure*}
\restoregeometry
problem that the figure does not fit nicely within the paragraph, but a lot of white space appears. I tried to avoid this by placing the figure exactly where I wanted it within the paragraph. As you can see, the paragraph is broken by the figure, which does not seem to be allowed to float and just change the geometry of the page it happens to appear on. Do you see my problem?
\section{Then I tried to avoid the breaking of the paragraph, at least visually}
\lipsum[1-6]
\vspace{120pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
So I tried to visually make it seem as there was not break in the paragraph by using the \textbackslash newline and \textbackslash noindent commands, but as you can see, this gave me an entire blank page before the figure which I \newline
\newgeometry{textwidth=19.5cm,textheight=29cm,top=1.5cm, bottom=3cm}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{I've been using the starred figure because I want the figure to span the entire page, as I have a twocolumn environment otherwise.}
\end{figure*}
\restoregeometry
\noindent don't know how to get rid of!
I hope my question(s) are more clear now. And I am sorry for all the messy code, but I do think it is essential for understanding my problem. I hope you can help me. :)
\end{document}
답변1
굵은 문단 뒤의 빈 페이지는 단순히 \onecolumn. 원하는 레이아웃이 *무엇인지는 잘 모르겠지만 강제 중단을 피하고 양식을 사용하여 페이지 전체에 플로트를 허용하고 싶습니다 .
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{braket}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newenvironment{outdent}
{\list{}{\leftmargin-1cm
\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
\item\relax}
{\endlist}
\begin{document}
\section{See last part of this section}
\lipsum[1-8]
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{And then there is some more text which I made large and bold here so you wont miss is. The important thing is that there is a paragraph right before the figure, and I don't what that to leave a pretty much empty page as it has here.}}
\begin{figure*}
\vspace*{-50pt}
\begin{outdent}
\centering
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{\textbf{\large{All captions to this figure are really long, and at you can see they don't fit into the page.}} Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\makebox[1\textwidth][c]{
\begin{subfigure}{1.2\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at(0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\node at(0.5\textwidth,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{x}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A this really long caption. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\end{subfigure}}
\caption{And a caption for the whole figure. Readout spectra of the transitions from $\ket{\pm 5/2 g}$ to all three excited states and the transition $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz in the spectra. (left) The three peaks corresponding to the transitions $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$, $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 3/2 e}$ and $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$, positioned at 0, 2 and 6 MHz respectively, are present as expected. However, there is also a peak at $\ket{\pm 1/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ at 4 MHz. This comes from some unwanted ion class, and must therefore be some other transition than $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$. (right) After burning at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ the two first peaks disappear. The last one, corresponding to $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 5/2 e}$ is still there, although somewhat smaller. This means that also in this peak there are unwanted ions from some other ions class. The peak at $\ket{\pm 5/2 g} \rightarrow \ket{\pm 1/2 e}$ is still there and has become bigger, as expected.}
\vspace*{-5pt}
\end{outdent}
\end{figure*}
\section{Then I tried the geometry package, please read the last paragraph also here}
\lipsum[1-7]
\vspace{100pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
\textbf{\large{The geometry package has worked best so far.}} Then I can make the figure fit by changing the top margin. However I still have the
\begin{figure*}
\begin{outdent}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{Let's skip the figure as you now know why it is too big.}
\end{outdent}
\end{figure*}
problem that the figure does not fit nicely within the paragraph, but a lot of white space appears. I tried to avoid this by placing the figure exactly where I wanted it within the paragraph. As you can see, the paragraph is broken by the figure, which does not seem to be allowed to float and just change the geometry of the page it happens to appear on. Do you see my problem?
\section{Then I tried to avoid the breaking of the paragraph, at least visually}
\lipsum[1-6]
\vspace{120pt}
\noindent\makebox[\linewidth]{\rule{0.5\textwidth}{1pt}}
So I tried to visually make it seem as there was not break in the paragraph by using the \textbackslash newline and \textbackslash noindent commands, but as you can see, this gave me an entire blank page before the figure which I \newline
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{x}
\caption{I've been using the starred figure because I want the figure to span the entire page, as I have a twocolumn environment otherwise.}
\end{figure*}
\noindent don't know how to get rid of!
I hope my question(s) are more clear now. And I am sorry for all the messy code, but I do think it is essential for understanding my problem. I hope you can help me. :)
\end{document}
답변2
MWE에서 텍스트는 \lipsum[4]1페이지에서 선택되므로 OP가 참조한 페이지 하단의 빈 공간을 피합니다.
나는 \makebox[\textwidth]{}수평 여백을 넘어 더 넓은 그림을 확장하기 위해 a를 사용했습니다. \smash이미지의 수직 범위를 축소하기 위해 a를 사용했습니다 . 그러나 이렇게 하면 캡션이 페이지 중간에 수직으로 남게 되므로 캡션을 아래쪽으로 밀어 넣으려면 \rule이미지에 를 추가해야 했습니다 minipage. 규칙의 범위는 \textheight캡션의 최종 위치보다 적고 제어됩니다.
\documentclass[11pt]{report}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-3]
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\rule{0pt}{7.5in}%
\smash{\makebox[\textwidth]{\includegraphics[width=7in,height=8.5in]{x}}}
\end{minipage}
\caption{this is my figure caption}
\end{figure}
\lipsum[4-9]
\end{document}
