Eu tentei várias soluções sugeridas, nenhuma das quais funcionou. O Ubuntu anterior de 32 bits viu todas as portas na minha placa-mãe, mas nenhuma versão do Ubuntu/Debian de 64 bits foi capaz de utilizar todas as portas. as 4 portas usb3 funcionam, mas não as 10 portas usb10. a sugestão de ativar o iommu na BIOS causa um travamento com perda de dados. tanto o BIOS quanto o Windows 10 podem usar todas as portas.
lsusb -t
/: Bus 09.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 5000M
|__ Port 3: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=uas, 5000M
/: Bus 08.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/1p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=snd-ua101, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 2, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=snd-ua101, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 3, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=snd-ua101, 480M
|__ Port 2: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 4: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 4: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
/: Bus 07.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/4p, 12M
/: Bus 06.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/2p, 12M
/: Bus 05.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/5p, 12M
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/5p, 12M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/4p, 480M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/5p, 480M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/5p, 480M
sid@sid:~$