Usando TikZ para representar a entonação

Question 1

Seguindo a resposta de Matthew Leingang, aqui está a mesma abordagem associada a um pouco de açúcar sintático. Ele mexe com \catcodeas coisas, então é preciso ter cuidado.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newdimen\contourraise

{\catcode`\|=13
\gdef\installbarmark#1\ignorespaces{%
    #1\ignorespaces%
    \catcode`\|=13%
    \global\contourmarkcount=0\relax%
    \global\def\lastmarkshift{0}%
    \let|=\marktext}%
}


\def\star{*}
\newcommand\marktext[1][*]{%
    \def\markshift{#1}%
    % When not followed by the optional argument
    % the contour mark is set at the previous height.
    \ifx\markshift\star
        \let\markshift=\lastmarkshift%
    \fi
    \global\advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
    \xdef\tmpmark{\the\contourmarkcount}%
    \tikz[remember picture, overlay, y=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/contour scale}]
        \path [yshift=\contourraise, shift={(0,\markshift)}]
                coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\tmpmark);%
    \global\contourmarkcount=\tmpmark\relax% 
    \global\let\lastmarkshift=\markshift%
}


\tikzset{
    intonation contour/.style={%
        execute at begin node={%
            \installbarmark%
        },
        append after command={%
            \pgfextra{%
                \ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
                    \draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
                        \foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
                \fi
            }
        }
    },
    % How far above the base line of the text,
    raise contour/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
    % The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
    contour scale/.initial=3pt,
    % The prefix for the contour marks.
    contour mark prefix/.code=\xdef\contourmarkprefix{#1},
    contour mark prefix=intonation contour,
    contour/.style={
        draw, 
        rounded corners=1ex,
    }           
}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]

\node [intonation contour, raise contour=0.5cm] 
    {|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]you |[5]go|[2]ing|[0]?};

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]

\node [intonation contour, raise contour=0.5cm, contour mark prefix=my contour] 
    {|[2]I  |am  |[7]fina|lly |[4]go|ing |[2]home|[0].};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-3)
        node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-5)
    node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

E só por diversão, aqui está uma versão que não usa, remember pictureentão não precisa de duas compilações. Além disso, não há como brincar com códigos de categoria. Infelizmente, é um pouco mais complicado e as letras não são tipografadas de maneira ideal, pois estão todas em caixas separadas.

EDITARUm pouco mais de versatilidade foi implementado, mas como resultado é um pouco mais complexo.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\newdimen\contourraise

\tikzset{
    % How far above the base line of the text,
    raise contour/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
    % The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
    contour scale/.initial=3pt,
    % The prefix for the contour marks.
    contour mark prefix/.code=\xdef\contourmarkprefix{#1},
    contour mark prefix=contour,
    % The style for the contour path
    contour/.style={
        draw, 
        rounded corners=1ex,
    },
    % The style for the token nodes
    contour token/.style={
        anchor=base west, 
        inner sep=0pt,
        text depth=0.6ex, % controls underline depth
    },
    contour underline/.style={
        draw
    },
    % The character to insert a mark (use with care)
    contour mark character/.store in=\contourmarkchar,
    contour mark character=|
}


\makeatletter

\def\at@{@}

\newcount\lasttokennumber
\newcount\currenttokennumber
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newcount\contourtokenunderlinestate
\newcommand\contour[2][]{%
    \begin{scope}[#1]
        \coordinate (token-0);
        \currenttokennumber=0\relax%
        \lasttokennumber=0\relax%
        \contourmarkcount=0\relax%
        \def\lastcontourheight{0}%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
        \@contour#2@%
}


% Must check for a spaces
\def\@contour{\futurelet\@token\@checkforspace}

\def\@uscore{_}
\def\@checkforspace{%
    \ifx\@token\@sptoken%
        \let\@next=\@replacespace%
    \else%
        \if\@token\contourmarkchar%
            \let\@next=\@contour@insertmark
        \else%
            \if\@token\@uscore
                \let\@next=\@contourtoggleunderline%
            \else%
                \let\@next=\@@contour%
            \fi%
        \fi%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@contourtoggleunderline#1{%
    \advance\contourtokenunderlinestate by1\relax
    \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate>3\relax%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
    \fi%
    \@contour%
}

\def\@contour@insertmark{%
    \afterassignment\@@contour@insertmark\let\@token=%
}

\def\@@contour@insertmark{%
    \futurelet\@token\@@@contour@insertmark}%

\def\@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \if\@token[%
        \let\@next=\@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \else%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
        \let\@next=\@@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@@@@contour@insertmark[#1]{%
    \def\@tmp{#1}%
    \ifx\@tmp\@empty%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
    \else%
        \def\currentcontourheight{#1}%
    \fi%
    \@@@@@contour@insertmark}

\def\@@@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
    % Code for inserting mark
    \coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\the\contourmarkcount)
        at ([yshift=\contourraise, y=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/contour scale}, 
        shift={(0,\currentcontourheight)}]token-\the\currenttokennumber.base east);
    %
    \let\lastcontourheight=\currentcontourheight
\@contour}

\def\customspace{{\hbox to 1ex{\hfill}}}

\def\@replacespace#1{%
    \@contour\customspace#1%
}

\def\@@contour#1{%
    \def\@token{#1}%
    \if\@token\at@
        \let\@next=\@@@contour%
    \else%
        \lasttokennumber=\currenttokennumber%
        \advance\currenttokennumber by1%
        % Code for typesetting token
        \node [contour token/.try] at (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east) (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\@token};
        % Manage underline state
        \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate=1\relax%
            \coordinate (underline start) at (token-\the\currenttokennumber.south west);
            \contourtokenunderlinestate=2\relax%
        \else
            \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate=3\relax%
                \coordinate (underline end) at (token-\the\currenttokennumber.south west);
                \draw (underline start) -- (underline end);
                \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax
            \fi%
        \fi%
        \let\@next=\@contour
        %
    \fi%
    \@next%
}
\def\@@@contour{%
    \ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
        % Code for drawing contour
        \draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
            \foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
        %
    \fi%
    \end{scope}%
}

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,-0.25)}]

    \contour[raise contour=0.5cm]
        {|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]_you_ |[5]go|[2]ing|[0]?}

\end{tikzpicture} 


\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,-0.25)}]

\contour[
    raise contour=0.5cm, 
    contour mark prefix=my contour, 
    contour/.style={
        thick, 
        rounded corners=1mm,
        line cap=round,
        dotted},
    contour mark character=*] 
    {*[2]I *am  *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]home*[0].};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-3)
        node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-5)
    node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};

\path (0,-0.25);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

EDITAR:versão aprimorada que, esperançosamente, cobre todos os casos de uso fornecidos acima.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}

\newdimen\contourraise
\newdimen\contourspacetokenwidth
\newcount\lasttokennumber
\newcount\currenttokennumber
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newcount\contourtokenunderlinestate
\newbox\contourbox

\tikzset{
    tight fit/.style={
        inner sep=0pt,
        outer sep=0pt,
    },
    %
    %
    % How far above the reference anchor of the text,
    contour raise/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
    contour reference anchor/.store in=\contourreferenceanchor,
    contour reference anchor=base east,
    % The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
    contour scale/.store in=\contourscale,
    contour scale=3pt,
    % The prefix for the contour marks.
    contour mark prefix/.store in=\contourmarkprefix,
    contour mark prefix=contour,
    % The style for the contour path
    contour/.style={
        draw, 
        rounded corners=1ex,
    },
    % The style for the token nodes
    every contour token/.style={
        anchor=base west, 
        inner sep=0pt,
    },
    contour underline/.style={
        draw
    },
    % The character to insert a mark (use with care)
    contour mark character/.store in=\contourmarkchar,
    contour mark character=|,
    % Want to change the code for contour marks? Use this key.
    contour mark code/.store in=\contourmarkcode,
    % Want to change the code for tokens? Use this key.
    contour token code/.store in=\contourtokencode,
    % Want to change the code for drawing the contour? Use this  key.
    contour code/.store in=\contourcode,
    %
    % Default stuff
    contour mark code={%
        \coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\the\contourmarkcount)
          at ([yshift=\contourraise, y=\contourscale,               
          shift={(0,\currentcontourheight)}]token-\the\currenttokennumber.\contourreferenceanchor);
    },
    contour token code={%
        \node [every contour token/.try] at 
        (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east) 
            (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\token};
    },
    contour code={
        \draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
            \foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- 
                    (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };                  
    },
    %
    % Don't draw the contour.
    tokens only/.style={
        contour code={}
    },
    %
    % Only draw the contour (but the space is still used for the tokens)
    contour only/.style={
        every contour token/.append style={
            execute at begin node={\setbox\contourbox=\hbox\bgroup},
            execute at end node=\egroup\phantom{\box\contourbox}%
        },
        underline/.style={
            draw=none
        }
    },
    %
    % Make tokens follow the contour marks.
    tokens follow contour/.style={
        tokens only,
        contour token code={%
            \node [every contour token/.try, y=\contourscale] at 
                (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east |- 
                0,\currentcontourheight) 
                (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\token};
        },
    },
    % What style to use when drawing underline
    underline/.style={
        draw
    },
    % The underline is drawn along the south side of a node which 
    % takes this style.
    underline token/.style={
        inner ysep=1pt
    },
    % When grouping tokens (e.g., for putting box around)
    % this style is applied to a node that is fitted around the group
    token group/.style={
        inner xsep=1pt,
        inner ysep=2pt,
        rounded corners=2pt
    },
    % Draw boxes around tokens groups.
    box tokens/.style={
        token group/.append style={
            draw
        }
    },  
    % Change the width of the spaces.
    space token width/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourspacetokenwidth{#1},
    space token width=0.125cm
}


\makeatletter

\def\at@{@}


\newcommand\contour[2][]{%
    \begin{scope}[#1]
        \coordinate (token-0);
        \currenttokennumber=0\relax%
        \lasttokennumber=0\relax%
        \contourmarkcount=0\relax%
        \def\lastcontourheight{0}%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
        \@contour#2@%
}


% Must check for a spaces
\def\@contour{\futurelet\@token\@checkforspace}

\def\@uscore{_}
\def\@checkforspace{%
    \ifx\@token\@sptoken%
        \let\@next=\@replacespace%
    \else%
        \if\@token\contourmarkchar%
            \let\@next=\@contour@insertmark
        \else%
            \if\@token\@uscore
                \let\@next=\@contourtoggleunderline%
            \else%
                \let\@next=\@@contour%
            \fi%
        \fi%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@contourtoggleunderline#1{%
    \advance\contourtokenunderlinestate by1\relax
    \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate>3\relax%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
    \fi%
    \@contour%
}

\def\@contour@insertmark{%
    \afterassignment\@@contour@insertmark\let\@token=%
}

\def\@@contour@insertmark{%
    \futurelet\@token\@@@contour@insertmark}%

\def\@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \if\@token[%
        \let\@next=\@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \else%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
        \let\@next=\@@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@@@@contour@insertmark[#1]{%
    \def\@tmp{#1}%
    \ifx\@tmp\@empty%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
    \else%
        \def\currentcontourheight{#1}%
    \fi%
    \@@@@@contour@insertmark}

\def\@@@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
     % Code for inserting mark
    \contourmarkcode%
    \let\lastcontourheight=\currentcontourheight%
    \@contour}

\def\contourspacetoken{{\hbox to \contourspacetokenwidth{\hfill}}}

\def\@replacespace#1{%
    \@contour\contourspacetoken#1%
}

\def\@@contour#1{%
    \def\@token{#1}%
    \if\@token\at@%
        \@contourdounderline%
        \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
            \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
            \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
        }%
        \let\@next=\@@@contour%
    \else%
        \lasttokennumber=\currenttokennumber%
        \advance\currenttokennumber by1%
        \let\token=\@token%
        % Code for typesetting token
        \contourtokencode%
        % Manage underline state
        \@contourdounderline%
        \def\@@token{\contourspacetoken}%
        \ifx\@token\@@token%
            \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
                \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@underline}{}{%
                    \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup) (underline)}] 
                    (tokengroup) 
                {};}%
                \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
                \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
            }%
        \else
            \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{%
                \node [tight fit, 
                fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)}] 
                (tokengroup) {};
            }{%
                \node [tight fit, 
                fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber) 
                (tokengroup)}] 
                (tokengroup){};
            }%
        \fi%
        \let\@next=\@contour
        %
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@contourdounderline{%
    \ifcase\contourtokenunderlinestate%
     \or
         \node [tight fit, fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)}] 
         (underline) {};
         \contourtokenunderlinestate=2\relax%
     \or%
            \node [tight fit,fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber) (underline)}]
            (underline) {};
     \or%
            \node [tight fit, fit={(underline)}, underline token/.try] 
            (underline) {};
         \draw [underline/.try]
                    (underline.south west) -- (underline.south east);
            \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
                 \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup) (underline)}] 
                 (tokengroup) {};%
                 \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
                 \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
                 \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@underline=\relax%
             }
         \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax
     \fi%
}
\def\@@@contour{%
    \ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
        % Code for drawing contour
        \contourcode%
    \fi%
    \end{scope}%
}

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{c}
\\
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[tokens follow contour]
        {|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_|[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture} 

\\[0.5cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[tokens follow contour, box tokens, space token width=0.2cm]
       {|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_ |[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture} 

\\[0.5cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[contour raise=0.5cm]
        {|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_|[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture} 


\\[0.5cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[contour raise=0.5cm]
        {|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]_you_ |[5]go|[2]ing?|[0]}

    \contour[contour raise=0.5cm, contour only, contour/.append style={dashed}]
            {|[0]Where |[2]are |[8]you |[2]go|[2]ing?|[1]}

\end{tikzpicture} 

\\[1cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[tokens follow contour,
    contour mark character=*] 
    {*[2]I *am  *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]_home_*[0]};
\end{tikzpicture} 
\\[0.5cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[
    contour raise=0.5cm, 
    contour mark prefix=my contour,
    contour/.style={
        thick, 
        rounded corners=1mm,
        line cap=round,
        dotted},
    contour mark character=*] 
    {*[2]I *am  *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]home*[0].};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my 
contour-3)
        node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my 
contour-5)
    node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{tabular}
\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

Answer

Seguindo a resposta de Matthew Leingang, aqui está a mesma abordagem associada a um pouco de açúcar sintático. Ele mexe com \catcodeas coisas, então é preciso ter cuidado.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newdimen\contourraise

{\catcode`\|=13
\gdef\installbarmark#1\ignorespaces{%
    #1\ignorespaces%
    \catcode`\|=13%
    \global\contourmarkcount=0\relax%
    \global\def\lastmarkshift{0}%
    \let|=\marktext}%
}


\def\star{*}
\newcommand\marktext[1][*]{%
    \def\markshift{#1}%
    % When not followed by the optional argument
    % the contour mark is set at the previous height.
    \ifx\markshift\star
        \let\markshift=\lastmarkshift%
    \fi
    \global\advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
    \xdef\tmpmark{\the\contourmarkcount}%
    \tikz[remember picture, overlay, y=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/contour scale}]
        \path [yshift=\contourraise, shift={(0,\markshift)}]
                coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\tmpmark);%
    \global\contourmarkcount=\tmpmark\relax% 
    \global\let\lastmarkshift=\markshift%
}


\tikzset{
    intonation contour/.style={%
        execute at begin node={%
            \installbarmark%
        },
        append after command={%
            \pgfextra{%
                \ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
                    \draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
                        \foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
                \fi
            }
        }
    },
    % How far above the base line of the text,
    raise contour/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
    % The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
    contour scale/.initial=3pt,
    % The prefix for the contour marks.
    contour mark prefix/.code=\xdef\contourmarkprefix{#1},
    contour mark prefix=intonation contour,
    contour/.style={
        draw, 
        rounded corners=1ex,
    }           
}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]

\node [intonation contour, raise contour=0.5cm] 
    {|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]you |[5]go|[2]ing|[0]?};

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]

\node [intonation contour, raise contour=0.5cm, contour mark prefix=my contour] 
    {|[2]I  |am  |[7]fina|lly |[4]go|ing |[2]home|[0].};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-3)
        node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-5)
    node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

E só por diversão, aqui está uma versão que não usa, remember pictureentão não precisa de duas compilações. Além disso, não há como brincar com códigos de categoria. Infelizmente, é um pouco mais complicado e as letras não são tipografadas de maneira ideal, pois estão todas em caixas separadas.

EDITARUm pouco mais de versatilidade foi implementado, mas como resultado é um pouco mais complexo.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\newdimen\contourraise

\tikzset{
    % How far above the base line of the text,
    raise contour/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
    % The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
    contour scale/.initial=3pt,
    % The prefix for the contour marks.
    contour mark prefix/.code=\xdef\contourmarkprefix{#1},
    contour mark prefix=contour,
    % The style for the contour path
    contour/.style={
        draw, 
        rounded corners=1ex,
    },
    % The style for the token nodes
    contour token/.style={
        anchor=base west, 
        inner sep=0pt,
        text depth=0.6ex, % controls underline depth
    },
    contour underline/.style={
        draw
    },
    % The character to insert a mark (use with care)
    contour mark character/.store in=\contourmarkchar,
    contour mark character=|
}


\makeatletter

\def\at@{@}

\newcount\lasttokennumber
\newcount\currenttokennumber
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newcount\contourtokenunderlinestate
\newcommand\contour[2][]{%
    \begin{scope}[#1]
        \coordinate (token-0);
        \currenttokennumber=0\relax%
        \lasttokennumber=0\relax%
        \contourmarkcount=0\relax%
        \def\lastcontourheight{0}%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
        \@contour#2@%
}


% Must check for a spaces
\def\@contour{\futurelet\@token\@checkforspace}

\def\@uscore{_}
\def\@checkforspace{%
    \ifx\@token\@sptoken%
        \let\@next=\@replacespace%
    \else%
        \if\@token\contourmarkchar%
            \let\@next=\@contour@insertmark
        \else%
            \if\@token\@uscore
                \let\@next=\@contourtoggleunderline%
            \else%
                \let\@next=\@@contour%
            \fi%
        \fi%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@contourtoggleunderline#1{%
    \advance\contourtokenunderlinestate by1\relax
    \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate>3\relax%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
    \fi%
    \@contour%
}

\def\@contour@insertmark{%
    \afterassignment\@@contour@insertmark\let\@token=%
}

\def\@@contour@insertmark{%
    \futurelet\@token\@@@contour@insertmark}%

\def\@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \if\@token[%
        \let\@next=\@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \else%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
        \let\@next=\@@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@@@@contour@insertmark[#1]{%
    \def\@tmp{#1}%
    \ifx\@tmp\@empty%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
    \else%
        \def\currentcontourheight{#1}%
    \fi%
    \@@@@@contour@insertmark}

\def\@@@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
    % Code for inserting mark
    \coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\the\contourmarkcount)
        at ([yshift=\contourraise, y=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/contour scale}, 
        shift={(0,\currentcontourheight)}]token-\the\currenttokennumber.base east);
    %
    \let\lastcontourheight=\currentcontourheight
\@contour}

\def\customspace{{\hbox to 1ex{\hfill}}}

\def\@replacespace#1{%
    \@contour\customspace#1%
}

\def\@@contour#1{%
    \def\@token{#1}%
    \if\@token\at@
        \let\@next=\@@@contour%
    \else%
        \lasttokennumber=\currenttokennumber%
        \advance\currenttokennumber by1%
        % Code for typesetting token
        \node [contour token/.try] at (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east) (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\@token};
        % Manage underline state
        \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate=1\relax%
            \coordinate (underline start) at (token-\the\currenttokennumber.south west);
            \contourtokenunderlinestate=2\relax%
        \else
            \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate=3\relax%
                \coordinate (underline end) at (token-\the\currenttokennumber.south west);
                \draw (underline start) -- (underline end);
                \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax
            \fi%
        \fi%
        \let\@next=\@contour
        %
    \fi%
    \@next%
}
\def\@@@contour{%
    \ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
        % Code for drawing contour
        \draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
            \foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
        %
    \fi%
    \end{scope}%
}

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,-0.25)}]

    \contour[raise contour=0.5cm]
        {|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]_you_ |[5]go|[2]ing|[0]?}

\end{tikzpicture} 


\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,-0.25)}]

\contour[
    raise contour=0.5cm, 
    contour mark prefix=my contour, 
    contour/.style={
        thick, 
        rounded corners=1mm,
        line cap=round,
        dotted},
    contour mark character=*] 
    {*[2]I *am  *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]home*[0].};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-3)
        node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-5)
    node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};

\path (0,-0.25);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

EDITAR:versão aprimorada que, esperançosamente, cobre todos os casos de uso fornecidos acima.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}

\newdimen\contourraise
\newdimen\contourspacetokenwidth
\newcount\lasttokennumber
\newcount\currenttokennumber
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newcount\contourtokenunderlinestate
\newbox\contourbox

\tikzset{
    tight fit/.style={
        inner sep=0pt,
        outer sep=0pt,
    },
    %
    %
    % How far above the reference anchor of the text,
    contour raise/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
    contour reference anchor/.store in=\contourreferenceanchor,
    contour reference anchor=base east,
    % The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
    contour scale/.store in=\contourscale,
    contour scale=3pt,
    % The prefix for the contour marks.
    contour mark prefix/.store in=\contourmarkprefix,
    contour mark prefix=contour,
    % The style for the contour path
    contour/.style={
        draw, 
        rounded corners=1ex,
    },
    % The style for the token nodes
    every contour token/.style={
        anchor=base west, 
        inner sep=0pt,
    },
    contour underline/.style={
        draw
    },
    % The character to insert a mark (use with care)
    contour mark character/.store in=\contourmarkchar,
    contour mark character=|,
    % Want to change the code for contour marks? Use this key.
    contour mark code/.store in=\contourmarkcode,
    % Want to change the code for tokens? Use this key.
    contour token code/.store in=\contourtokencode,
    % Want to change the code for drawing the contour? Use this  key.
    contour code/.store in=\contourcode,
    %
    % Default stuff
    contour mark code={%
        \coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\the\contourmarkcount)
          at ([yshift=\contourraise, y=\contourscale,               
          shift={(0,\currentcontourheight)}]token-\the\currenttokennumber.\contourreferenceanchor);
    },
    contour token code={%
        \node [every contour token/.try] at 
        (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east) 
            (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\token};
    },
    contour code={
        \draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
            \foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- 
                    (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };                  
    },
    %
    % Don't draw the contour.
    tokens only/.style={
        contour code={}
    },
    %
    % Only draw the contour (but the space is still used for the tokens)
    contour only/.style={
        every contour token/.append style={
            execute at begin node={\setbox\contourbox=\hbox\bgroup},
            execute at end node=\egroup\phantom{\box\contourbox}%
        },
        underline/.style={
            draw=none
        }
    },
    %
    % Make tokens follow the contour marks.
    tokens follow contour/.style={
        tokens only,
        contour token code={%
            \node [every contour token/.try, y=\contourscale] at 
                (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east |- 
                0,\currentcontourheight) 
                (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\token};
        },
    },
    % What style to use when drawing underline
    underline/.style={
        draw
    },
    % The underline is drawn along the south side of a node which 
    % takes this style.
    underline token/.style={
        inner ysep=1pt
    },
    % When grouping tokens (e.g., for putting box around)
    % this style is applied to a node that is fitted around the group
    token group/.style={
        inner xsep=1pt,
        inner ysep=2pt,
        rounded corners=2pt
    },
    % Draw boxes around tokens groups.
    box tokens/.style={
        token group/.append style={
            draw
        }
    },  
    % Change the width of the spaces.
    space token width/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourspacetokenwidth{#1},
    space token width=0.125cm
}


\makeatletter

\def\at@{@}


\newcommand\contour[2][]{%
    \begin{scope}[#1]
        \coordinate (token-0);
        \currenttokennumber=0\relax%
        \lasttokennumber=0\relax%
        \contourmarkcount=0\relax%
        \def\lastcontourheight{0}%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
        \@contour#2@%
}


% Must check for a spaces
\def\@contour{\futurelet\@token\@checkforspace}

\def\@uscore{_}
\def\@checkforspace{%
    \ifx\@token\@sptoken%
        \let\@next=\@replacespace%
    \else%
        \if\@token\contourmarkchar%
            \let\@next=\@contour@insertmark
        \else%
            \if\@token\@uscore
                \let\@next=\@contourtoggleunderline%
            \else%
                \let\@next=\@@contour%
            \fi%
        \fi%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@contourtoggleunderline#1{%
    \advance\contourtokenunderlinestate by1\relax
    \ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate>3\relax%
        \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
    \fi%
    \@contour%
}

\def\@contour@insertmark{%
    \afterassignment\@@contour@insertmark\let\@token=%
}

\def\@@contour@insertmark{%
    \futurelet\@token\@@@contour@insertmark}%

\def\@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \if\@token[%
        \let\@next=\@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \else%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
        \let\@next=\@@@@@contour@insertmark%
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@@@@contour@insertmark[#1]{%
    \def\@tmp{#1}%
    \ifx\@tmp\@empty%
        \let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
    \else%
        \def\currentcontourheight{#1}%
    \fi%
    \@@@@@contour@insertmark}

\def\@@@@@contour@insertmark{%
    \advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
     % Code for inserting mark
    \contourmarkcode%
    \let\lastcontourheight=\currentcontourheight%
    \@contour}

\def\contourspacetoken{{\hbox to \contourspacetokenwidth{\hfill}}}

\def\@replacespace#1{%
    \@contour\contourspacetoken#1%
}

\def\@@contour#1{%
    \def\@token{#1}%
    \if\@token\at@%
        \@contourdounderline%
        \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
            \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
            \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
        }%
        \let\@next=\@@@contour%
    \else%
        \lasttokennumber=\currenttokennumber%
        \advance\currenttokennumber by1%
        \let\token=\@token%
        % Code for typesetting token
        \contourtokencode%
        % Manage underline state
        \@contourdounderline%
        \def\@@token{\contourspacetoken}%
        \ifx\@token\@@token%
            \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
                \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@underline}{}{%
                    \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup) (underline)}] 
                    (tokengroup) 
                {};}%
                \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
                \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
            }%
        \else
            \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{%
                \node [tight fit, 
                fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)}] 
                (tokengroup) {};
            }{%
                \node [tight fit, 
                fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber) 
                (tokengroup)}] 
                (tokengroup){};
            }%
        \fi%
        \let\@next=\@contour
        %
    \fi%
    \@next%
}

\def\@contourdounderline{%
    \ifcase\contourtokenunderlinestate%
     \or
         \node [tight fit, fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)}] 
         (underline) {};
         \contourtokenunderlinestate=2\relax%
     \or%
            \node [tight fit,fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber) (underline)}]
            (underline) {};
     \or%
            \node [tight fit, fit={(underline)}, underline token/.try] 
            (underline) {};
         \draw [underline/.try]
                    (underline.south west) -- (underline.south east);
            \pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
                 \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup) (underline)}] 
                 (tokengroup) {};%
                 \node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
                 \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
                 \global\let\pgf@sh@ns@underline=\relax%
             }
         \contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax
     \fi%
}
\def\@@@contour{%
    \ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
        % Code for drawing contour
        \contourcode%
    \fi%
    \end{scope}%
}

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{c}
\\
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[tokens follow contour]
        {|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_|[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture} 

\\[0.5cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[tokens follow contour, box tokens, space token width=0.2cm]
       {|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_ |[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture} 

\\[0.5cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[contour raise=0.5cm]
        {|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_|[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture} 


\\[0.5cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \contour[contour raise=0.5cm]
        {|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]_you_ |[5]go|[2]ing?|[0]}

    \contour[contour raise=0.5cm, contour only, contour/.append style={dashed}]
            {|[0]Where |[2]are |[8]you |[2]go|[2]ing?|[1]}

\end{tikzpicture} 

\\[1cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[tokens follow contour,
    contour mark character=*] 
    {*[2]I *am  *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]_home_*[0]};
\end{tikzpicture} 
\\[0.5cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[
    contour raise=0.5cm, 
    contour mark prefix=my contour,
    contour/.style={
        thick, 
        rounded corners=1mm,
        line cap=round,
        dotted},
    contour mark character=*] 
    {*[2]I *am  *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]home*[0].};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my 
contour-3)
        node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};

\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my 
contour-5)
    node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{tabular}
\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

Question 2

Eu usaria o famoso\tikzmarkmacro e combiná-la com coordenadas de interseção. Aqui está o código:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{\tikz[overlay,remember picture,baseline] \node [anchor=base] (#1) {};}%
\tikzstyle{intonation}=[rounded corners=2mm,yshift=1.5ex]
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\node{\tikzmark{w}Where \tikzmark{a}are \tikzmark{y}you \tikzmark{g}go\tikzmark{i}ing\tikzmark{q}?};
\draw[intonation] (w |- 0,1) -- (a |- 0,0.2) -- (y |- 0,0.2) -- (g |- 0,0.6) -- (q |- 0,0);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

A \tikzmarkmacro salva as coordenadas do ponto do documento onde é chamada. Portanto, o texto do nó \tikzmark{w}Where \tikzmark{a}are...salva coordenadas chamadas w, a, etc., em vários pontos da frase.

Se Ae Bsão nós ou coordenadas TikZ, então (A |- B)é a interseção de uma linha vertical que passa por Ae uma linha horizontal que passa por B. Então (w |- 0,1)tem comoxcoordenar o ponto da linha de base esquerda docemonde, esimcoordenada 1. Você pode alterar issosimcoordene como desejar para os outros nomes de coordenadas.

Aqui está o resultado:

saída de código de exemplo

Você pode criar uma macro que especifique/marque o texto e defina osim-valores no mesmo argumento. Mas esta é uma implementação possível.

Answer

Eu usaria o famoso\tikzmarkmacro e combiná-la com coordenadas de interseção. Aqui está o código:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{\tikz[overlay,remember picture,baseline] \node [anchor=base] (#1) {};}%
\tikzstyle{intonation}=[rounded corners=2mm,yshift=1.5ex]
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\node{\tikzmark{w}Where \tikzmark{a}are \tikzmark{y}you \tikzmark{g}go\tikzmark{i}ing\tikzmark{q}?};
\draw[intonation] (w |- 0,1) -- (a |- 0,0.2) -- (y |- 0,0.2) -- (g |- 0,0.6) -- (q |- 0,0);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

A \tikzmarkmacro salva as coordenadas do ponto do documento onde é chamada. Portanto, o texto do nó \tikzmark{w}Where \tikzmark{a}are...salva coordenadas chamadas w, a, etc., em vários pontos da frase.

Se Ae Bsão nós ou coordenadas TikZ, então (A |- B)é a interseção de uma linha vertical que passa por Ae uma linha horizontal que passa por B. Então (w |- 0,1)tem comoxcoordenar o ponto da linha de base esquerda docemonde, esimcoordenada 1. Você pode alterar issosimcoordene como desejar para os outros nomes de coordenadas.

Aqui está o resultado:

saída de código de exemplo

Você pode criar uma macro que especifique/marque o texto e defina osim-valores no mesmo argumento. Mas esta é uma implementação possível.

Question 3

Não tenho certeza se coloquei as coordenadas nos lugares certos (e reutilizei \zzbem dois pontos), mas algo como

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}

\makeatletter
\def\savecoordinate#1#2{\sbox0{#2}\edef#1{\strip@pt\wd0}}
\makeatother

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}


\savecoordinate\zza{Where }
\savecoordinate\zzb{Where are you}
\savecoordinate\zzc{Where are you going?}

\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tabular}{l}
\tikz[x=1pt,y=1mm,rounded corners=2mm] \draw[very thick, gray](0,10)--(\zza,2)--(\zzb,2)--(\zzb,6)--(\zzc,0); \\
\mbox{Where are you going?}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer

Não tenho certeza se coloquei as coordenadas nos lugares certos (e reutilizei \zzbem dois pontos), mas algo como

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}

\makeatletter
\def\savecoordinate#1#2{\sbox0{#2}\edef#1{\strip@pt\wd0}}
\makeatother

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}


\savecoordinate\zza{Where }
\savecoordinate\zzb{Where are you}
\savecoordinate\zzc{Where are you going?}

\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tabular}{l}
\tikz[x=1pt,y=1mm,rounded corners=2mm] \draw[very thick, gray](0,10)--(\zza,2)--(\zzb,2)--(\zzb,6)--(\zzc,0); \\
\mbox{Where are you going?}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Question 4

1.1

O problema não é baseline. Um ambiente tikzpicture define uma caixa (uma caixa de tex). Esta caixa tem profundidade e altura. Por padrão, a profundidade é nula e a altura é a altura da caixa. É porque o ponto inferior esquerdo define a linha de base. No próximo código, escrevi baseline=(current bounding box.east) porque não quero usar um tabular. Acho que é muito fácil colocar objetos com tikz. O texto \textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}está alinhado com o meio da caixa.

Observação: Preciso colocar o texto \mboxporque há um \overful boxcom o próximo texto.

O problema comsãoevocêé evitado com every node/.style={anchor=base}. É um problema de caixa e profundidade. A caixa com a carta ytem uma grande profundidade. Com anchor=basetodos os nós tendo a mesma linha de base.

Última observação: Para obter o mesmo resultado do tabular, usei show background bottometc.

\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background top,show background bottom]
\path (0,1) node {\underline{Where}} (1,.2) node {are} (2,.2) node {you} (3,.6) node {\underline{go}} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}}%

\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background bottom] 
    \draw (0,0) node {Where} (1,1) node {\underline{are}} (2,.5) node {you} (3,.2) node {go} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}}%
\end{table}

1.2

Quando você adiciona um nó em um caminho, esse nó não faz exatamente parte do caminho. É um objeto anexado ao caminho, mas algumas opções do caminho não são usadas para o nó

\draw node ...,significa que \path[draw] node ... ; você decide desenhar o caminho, mas a drawopção do caminho não é a drawopção do nó. Se você quiser desenhar o caminho e o nó, você precisa escrever\path[draw] node[draw] ... ;

1.3

Código completo e resultado

%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\begin{document}

\section{Marking intonation using TikZ}

\subsection{Setting words on different levels}

\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background top,show background bottom]
\path (0,1) node {\underline{Where}} (1,.2) node {are} (2,.2) node {you} (3,.6) node {\underline{go}} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}}%

\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background bottom] 
    \draw (0,0) node {Where} (1,1) node {\underline{are}} (2,.5) node {you} (3,.2) node {go} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}}%
\end{table}


\subsection{Final attempt}

\makeatletter
\xdef\tmp{}

\def\MarkWord(#1/#2){%
\node[anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt] (a) at (\xa,#2) {#1};
\path (a.west);\pgfgetlastxy{\xa}{\ya}
 \xdef\tmp{\tmp(\xa,#2)}%
\path (a.base east) -- ++(1 ex,0) coordinate (a);
\path (a);
\pgfgetlastxy{\xa}{\ya}
\global\let\xa\xa
}

\def\util@empty{}

\def\multiwords#1 #2\@nil{%
 \protected@edef\@temp{%
   \noexpand\MarkWord(#1)}\@temp
   \def\@nextArg{#2}%  
    \ifx\util@empty\@nextArg
       \let\next\@gobble
     \fi
   \next#2\@nil
    }

\def\MarkWords#1{% 
  \begingroup
    \path (0,0) coordinate (a);
    \xdef\xa{0}
   \let\next\multiwords
   \next#1 \@nil %    
\endgroup 
} 
\makeatother

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \MarkWords{Where/1 are/.2 you/.2 go/.6 ing?/0}
   \path[draw,red] (0,0) plot[smooth] coordinates{\tmp};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

Answer

1.1

O problema não é baseline. Um ambiente tikzpicture define uma caixa (uma caixa de tex). Esta caixa tem profundidade e altura. Por padrão, a profundidade é nula e a altura é a altura da caixa. É porque o ponto inferior esquerdo define a linha de base. No próximo código, escrevi baseline=(current bounding box.east) porque não quero usar um tabular. Acho que é muito fácil colocar objetos com tikz. O texto \textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}está alinhado com o meio da caixa.

Observação: Preciso colocar o texto \mboxporque há um \overful boxcom o próximo texto.

O problema comsãoevocêé evitado com every node/.style={anchor=base}. É um problema de caixa e profundidade. A caixa com a carta ytem uma grande profundidade. Com anchor=basetodos os nós tendo a mesma linha de base.

Última observação: Para obter o mesmo resultado do tabular, usei show background bottometc.

\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background top,show background bottom]
\path (0,1) node {\underline{Where}} (1,.2) node {are} (2,.2) node {you} (3,.6) node {\underline{go}} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}}%

\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background bottom] 
    \draw (0,0) node {Where} (1,1) node {\underline{are}} (2,.5) node {you} (3,.2) node {go} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}}%
\end{table}

1.2

Quando você adiciona um nó em um caminho, esse nó não faz exatamente parte do caminho. É um objeto anexado ao caminho, mas algumas opções do caminho não são usadas para o nó

\draw node ...,significa que \path[draw] node ... ; você decide desenhar o caminho, mas a drawopção do caminho não é a drawopção do nó. Se você quiser desenhar o caminho e o nó, você precisa escrever\path[draw] node[draw] ... ;

1.3

Código completo e resultado

%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\begin{document}

\section{Marking intonation using TikZ}

\subsection{Setting words on different levels}

\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background top,show background bottom]
\path (0,1) node {\underline{Where}} (1,.2) node {are} (2,.2) node {you} (3,.6) node {\underline{go}} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}}%

\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background bottom] 
    \draw (0,0) node {Where} (1,1) node {\underline{are}} (2,.5) node {you} (3,.2) node {go} (4,0) node{ing?}; 
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}}%
\end{table}


\subsection{Final attempt}

\makeatletter
\xdef\tmp{}

\def\MarkWord(#1/#2){%
\node[anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt] (a) at (\xa,#2) {#1};
\path (a.west);\pgfgetlastxy{\xa}{\ya}
 \xdef\tmp{\tmp(\xa,#2)}%
\path (a.base east) -- ++(1 ex,0) coordinate (a);
\path (a);
\pgfgetlastxy{\xa}{\ya}
\global\let\xa\xa
}

\def\util@empty{}

\def\multiwords#1 #2\@nil{%
 \protected@edef\@temp{%
   \noexpand\MarkWord(#1)}\@temp
   \def\@nextArg{#2}%  
    \ifx\util@empty\@nextArg
       \let\next\@gobble
     \fi
   \next#2\@nil
    }

\def\MarkWords#1{% 
  \begingroup
    \path (0,0) coordinate (a);
    \xdef\xa{0}
   \let\next\multiwords
   \next#1 \@nil %    
\endgroup 
} 
\makeatother

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \MarkWords{Where/1 are/.2 you/.2 go/.6 ing?/0}
   \path[draw,red] (0,0) plot[smooth] coordinates{\tmp};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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Usando TikZ para representar a entonação

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