Atualmente estou tentando gerar o seguinte diagrama de Venn:
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,backgrounds}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.8, show background rectangle]
\def\ellipsea{(0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipseb{(-0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\ellipsec{(1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipsed{(-1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\negating{(-4.5cm,-4.5cm) rectangle (4.5cm,4.5cm)}
\node (a) at (-2.5cm,2.5cm) {C};
\node (b) at (2.5cm,2.5cm) {B};
\node (c) at (-3.5cm,1.5cm) {N};
\node (d) at (3.5cm,1.5cm) {S};
%~A~B~C~D
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%ABC~D
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%AB~CD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%A~BCD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%~ABCD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=blue,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%ABCD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%AB~C~D
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=green,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%A~B~CD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=yellow,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%~AB~CD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%~ABC~D
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=red,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%~A~BCD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=orange,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%~AB~C~D
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=black,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%~A~B~CD
\scope
\clip \ellipsea\negating;
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsec\negating;
\clip \ellipsed;
\fill[color=purple,opacity=0.2] \negating;
\endscope
%A~B~D
\scope
\clip \ellipsea;
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=red,opacity=0.5] \negating;
\endscope
%~BC~D
\scope
\clip \ellipseb\negating;
\clip \ellipsec;
\clip \ellipsed\negating;
\fill[color=blue,opacity=0.5] \negating;
\endscope
\node (ABcd) at (0,1cm) {1};
\node (aBCD) at (0.5cm,-2.25cm) {1};
\node (AbcD) at (-1.2cm,-1.9cm) {1};
\node (aBCd) at (1.2cm,-1.9cm) {2};
\node (abCD) at (0,-3cm) {4};
\node (abcD) at (-3cm,0cm) {1};
\node (Abd) at (1.8cm,1.1cm) {3};
\node (bCd) at (2.5cm,.5cm) {4};
\draw \ellipsea;
\draw \ellipseb;
\draw \ellipsec;
\draw \ellipsed;
\end{tikzpicture}
usando o loop tikz \foreach, para maior clareza, como segue:
\foreach \abool/\bbool/\cbool/\dbool/\colchoose/\opchoose in {1/1/1/1,black,0.2}
\scope
\ifnum \abool=1
\clip \ellipsea;
[\else \clip \ellipsea\negating;]
\fi
\ifnum \bbool=1
\clip \ellipseb;
[\else \clip \ellipseb\negating;]
\fi
\ifnum \cbool=1
\clip \ellipsec;
[\else \clip \ellipsec\negating;]
\fi
\ifnum \dbool=1
\clip \ellipsed;
[\else \clip \ellipsed\negating;]
\fi
\fill[color=\colchoose,opacity=\opchoose] \negating;
\endscope
Para substituir a longa linha de \scope s na peça original. Isso parece funcionar bem, até que eu adicione várias áreas (como {1/1/1/1/black/0.2,0/1/0/1,black,0.2}), caso em que recebo o seguinte erro:
! Missing } inserted.<inserted text>} \end{tikzpicture}
! Missing \endgroup inserted.<inserted text>\endgroup \end{document}
Queria saber como consertar isso ou se há algo errado com meu código, já que sou muito novo no tikz.
Obrigado!
Responder1
Seu código funciona bem se
você tem cuidado com os valores do
\foreachloop: os valores para diversas variáveis de uma iteração devem ser separados por/, os valores para diferentes iterações por,.\foreach ... in {1/1/1/1/black/0.2,0/1/0/1/black/0.2}(Você tentou
{1/1/1/1/black/0.2,0/1/0/1,black,0.2}em vez disso.)Coloque o corpo do loop entre colchetes.
\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,backgrounds}
%\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.8, show background rectangle]
\def\ellipsea{(0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipseb{(-0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\ellipsec{(1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipsed{(-1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\negating{(-4.5cm,-4.5cm) rectangle (4.5cm,4.5cm)}
\node (a) at (-2.5cm,2.5cm) {C};
\node (b) at (2.5cm,2.5cm) {B};
\node (c) at (-3.5cm,1.5cm) {N};
\node (d) at (3.5cm,1.5cm) {S};
\foreach \abool/\bbool/\cbool/\dbool/\colchoose/\opchoose in {1/1/1/1/black/0.2,0/1/0/1/black/0.2}
{ \scope
\ifnum \abool=1
\clip \ellipsea;
[\else \clip \ellipsea\negating;]
\fi
\ifnum \bbool=1
\clip \ellipseb;
[\else \clip \ellipseb\negating;]
\fi
\ifnum \cbool=1
\clip \ellipsec;
[\else \clip \ellipsec\negating;]
\fi
\ifnum \dbool=1
\clip \ellipsed;
[\else \clip \ellipsed\negating;]
\fi
\fill[color=\colchoose,opacity=\opchoose] \negating;
\endscope
}
\node (ABcd) at (0,1cm) {1};
\node (aBCD) at (0.5cm,-2.25cm) {1};
\node (AbcD) at (-1.2cm,-1.9cm) {1};
\node (aBCd) at (1.2cm,-1.9cm) {2};
\node (abCD) at (0,-3cm) {4};
\node (abcD) at (-3cm,0cm) {1};
\node (Abd) at (1.8cm,1.1cm) {3};
\node (bCd) at (2.5cm,.5cm) {4};
\draw \ellipsea;
\draw \ellipseb;
\draw \ellipsec;
\draw \ellipsed;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Responder2
Na verdade, estou ignorando principalmente a questão dos OPs e fornecendo uma maneira mais eficiente de especificar o diagrama:
\documentclass[tikz,border=5]{standalone}
\tikzset{%
venn/.code 2 args={\scope\def\c{#1}\def\n{}\tikzset{.. venn=#2@;}\endscope},
.. venn/.code args={#1#2;}{%
\ifx#1@%
\path[fill=\c]\negating;
\else%
\ifx#1~
\let\n=\negating
\else%
\clip \csname ellipse#1\endcsname\n;
\def\n{}%
\fi%
\tikzset{.. venn=#2;}%
\fi}}
\def\ellipsea{(0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipseb{(-0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\ellipsec{(1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipsed{(-1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\negating{(-4.5cm,-4.5cm) rectangle (4.5cm,4.5cm)}
\newcommand\venn[2][]{\tikzset{venn={#1}{#2}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\venn [red] {abcd}
\venn [yellow] {~abcd}
\venn [pink] {a~bcd}
\venn [green] {ab~cd}
\venn [orange] {abc~d}
\venn [purple] {~a~bcd}
\venn [blue] {~ab~cd}
\venn [magenta] {~abc~d}
\venn [olive] {a~b~cd}
\venn [violet] {a~bc~d}
\venn [teal] {ab~c~d}
\venn [brown] {~a~b~cd}
\venn [teal] {~a~bc~d}
\venn [lime] {~ab~c~d}
\venn [darkgray] {a~b~c~d}
\venn [lightgray] {~a~b~c~d}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
E aqui está uma variante que (a) ainda não responde à pergunta dos OPs, mas (b) permite a especificação como uma sequência de bits, por exemplo 1101:
\documentclass[tikz,border=5]{standalone}
\tikzset{%
venn/.code 2 args={\scope\def\c{#1}\tikzset{.. venn/.expanded=#2@;abcd@;}\endscope},
.. venn/.code args={#1#2;#3#4;}{%
\ifx#1@%
\path[fill=\c]\negating;
\else%
\ifcase#1
\clip \csname ellipse#3\endcsname\negating;
\or%
\clip \csname ellipse#3\endcsname;
\fi%
\tikzset{.. venn=#2;#4;}%
\fi%
}}
\def\ellipsea{(0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipseb{(-0.5cm,0) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\ellipsec{(1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=50]}
\def\ellipsed{(-1.5cm,-1cm) ellipse [x radius=3cm, y radius=1.5cm, rotate=-50]}
\def\negating{(-4.5cm,-4.5cm) rectangle (4.5cm,4.5cm)}
\newcommand\venn[2][]{\tikzset{venn={#1}{#2}}}
\pgfmathsetbasenumberlength{4}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i [evaluate={\r=rnd;\g=rnd;\b=rnd;}] in {0,...,15}{
\definecolor{tmp}{rgb}{\r,\g,\b}
\pgfmathdectobase\n{\i}{2}%
\venn[tmp]{\n}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
A ação do 'analisador' (ou seja, as teclas venne venn ..) talvez possa ser melhor explicada com um exemplo.
Considere o que acontece ao usar \venn{1100}.
A vennchave 'chama' .. venn=1100@;abcd@;. São abcdos sufixos dos comandos \ellipsea, e \ellipseb. Os caracteres são caracteres sentinela (arbitrários) que permitem detectar quando o final de uma sequência foi alcançado. Os caracteres são delineadores para marcar o final das strings. Em seguida, considere cada iteração por vez:\ellipsec\ellipsed@;
Os argumentos para a
.. vennchave são#1 -> 1 #2 -> 100@ #3 -> a #4 -> bcd@Os argumentos para a
.. vennchave são#1 -> 1 #2 -> 00@ #3 -> b #4 -> cd@Os argumentos para a
.. vennchave são#1 -> 0 #2 -> 0@ #3 -> c #4 -> d@Os argumentos para a
.. vennchave são#1 -> 0 #2 -> @ #3 -> d #4 -> @Os argumentos para a
.. vennchave são#1 -> @ #2 -> #3 -> @ #4 ->
Tendo alcançado o caracter sentinela, o analisador termina.