Responder1
Provavelmente um exagero, mas permitindo ajustar coisas como distâncias, larguras de linha, etc. com bastante facilidade:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
\newcommand{\tikznode}[2]{\tikz[remember picture,baseline=(#1.base)]{\node(#1)[inner sep=0pt]{#2};}}
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
\tikznode{1}{\strut}x+y&=7\\
\tikznode{2}{\strut}x-y&=3\\[2pt]
\tikznode{3}{\strut}2x&=10\tikznode{4}{\strut}
\end{align*}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={brace},transform canvas={xshift=-2pt}] (2.south)-- (1.north);
\draw[,transform canvas={yshift=1pt}](4.north)--(3.north)--++(-1cm,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Responder2
Com alguns cuidados com os espaços adicionados automaticamente:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{r}
\left\{
\begin{array}{@{}r@{}}
x+y=7\hphantom{0}\\[1ex]
x-y=3\hphantom{0}
\end{array}
\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace
\\ \midrule
2x=10
\end{array}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}