Como plotar ondas representando uma conexão de link sem fio e definir a largura exata de uma caixa de um ponto a outro

Question

O diagrama a seguir representa dois dispositivos conectados sem fio.

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows.meta,calc,fit,backgrounds,shapes.multipart,positioning}
\tikzset{box/.style={draw, rectangle, rounded corners, thick, node 
distance=7em, 
text width=6em, text centered, minimum height=3.5em}}
%\tikzset{line/.style={draw, thick, -{Latex[length=2mm,width=1mm]}}}
\tikzset{every node/.style={font=\footnotesize}}

\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
%=======================================
% Adjust the boarder of the flowchart
%=======================================
\setlength\PreviewBorder{4pt}%

\begin{document}
%************************************************************
%************************************************************
%  Define block styles
%************************************************************
%************************************************************
\tikzset{
block/.style={rectangle split, draw, rectangle split parts=2,text width=14em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em},
brwblock/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=brown!20, text width=13em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=3em, minimum width=30em}, 
whtblock/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=white!20, text width=14em, text centered, minimum height=4em},  
vertblock/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=cyan!20, text width=17em, text centered, minimum width=2em, minimum height=2em},   
line/.style={draw, {latex[length=5mm,width=5mm]}-{latex[length=5mm,width=5mm]}},
cloud/.style={draw, ellipse,fill=white!20, node distance=3cm,    minimum height=4em},  
% container/.style={draw, rectangle,dashed,inner sep=0.28cm, rounded corners,fill=yellow!20,minimum height=4cm}}
container1/.style={draw, rectangle,inner sep=0.4cm,fill=blue!8,minimum height=4cm,rounded corners},
container2/.style={draw, rectangle,inner sep=0.28cm,fill=green!10,minimum height=4em,rounded corners}}
%************************************************************
%************************************************************ 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto,every text node part/.style={align=center}]
%
%===============================================    
%  Reader
%===============================================  
  \node [whtblock,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=magenta!15] (LBT) {LBT \\[0.5em]Reader Anti-Collision Protocol};   
  \node [whtblock, below=of LBT, node distance=2.5cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=green!15] (FSA) {FSA \\[0.5em]Anti-Collision Protocol};
  \node [whtblock, below=of FSA, node distance=2.5cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=yellow!20] (PHY) {PHY Layer};
  \node [whtblock, below=of PHY, node distance=2.5cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] (AT) {Active Transceiver};
%*****************
% TAG
%***************

  \node [whtblock, right=of AT, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,shift={(2.8cm,0)}] (PTtag) {Passive Transceiver};
  \node [whtblock, above=of PTtag, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=yellow!20] (PHYtag) {PHY Layer};

  \node [whtblock, above=of PHYtag, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=green!15] (FSAtag) {FSA \\[0.5em]Anti-Collision Protocol};

  \node [vertblock, right=of PHYtag, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,shift={(0cm,3.7cm)},fill=pink!30,rotate=-90] (EHtag) {Energy Harvester};
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%   CONTAINERS
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
  \coordinate (aux1) at ([yshift=3mm]LBT.north);
  \node [container1,fit=(aux1) (FSA)(PHY)(AT)] (Reader) {};
  \node at (Reader.north) [fill=white,draw,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {\textbf{Reader}};
%-----------------------------------------------------------
  \coordinate (aux2) at ([yshift=3mm]FSAtag.north);
  \node [container1,fit=(aux2) (PHYtag)(FSAtag)(PTtag)(EHtag)] (TAG) {};
  \node at (TAG.north) [fill=white,draw,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {\textbf{Tag}};
\end{scope}

 \node[brwblock,shift={(0,8.0cm)},minimum width=18cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] at ($(Reader)!.5!(TAG)$) {\textbf{Scenario Setup}};

%************************************************************
%************************************************************
%  Draw edges
%************************************************************
%************************************************************
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (LBT.south) -- (FSA.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (FSA.south) -- (PHY.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (PHY.south) -- (AT.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (FSAtag.south) -- (PHYtag.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (PTtag.north) -- (PHYtag.south);

\draw [-Latex,darkgray,very thick] ([yshift=6pt]AT.east) -- node [above,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {Power-Up \\[0.5em] Link} ([yshift=6pt]PTtag.west);
\draw [-Latex,darkgray,very thick] ([yshift=-6pt]PTtag.west) -- node [below,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {Backscattered \\[0.5em] Link} ([yshift=-6pt]AT.east);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= -10pt]PTtag.east) -- ([yshift=-94pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [-Latex,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= +10pt]PTtag.east) -- ([yshift=-74pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= 0pt]PHYtag.east) -- ([yshift=-1pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= 0pt]PHYtag.east) -- ([yshift=-1pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= 0pt]FSAtag.east) -- ([yshift=82pt]EHtag.south);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Gostaria de substituir as setas horizontais dos rótulos "Power-Up Link" e "Backscattered Link" por curvas que representam ondas que se atenuam com a distância, como as que esbocei à mão. A amplitude da onda deve ser maior no link de inicialização do que no link retroespalhado. Não sei como fazer isso e não encontrei nenhum enredo semelhante.

Além disso, gostaria de perguntar como definir a largura exata da tampa da caixa "Configuração do Cenário" do lado esquerdo do contêiner Reader para o lado direito do contêiner Tag. Tenho testado valores de minimum width=in \node[brwblock,shift={(0,8.0cm)},minimum width=18cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] at ($(Reader)!.5!(TAG)$) {\textbf{Scenario Setup}};, mas ele não cabe na largura de ambos os contêineres.

A caixa Energy Harvester tem o mesmo problema. Eu gostaria de expandir esta caixa da parte superior do FSA para a parte inferior do Transceptor Passivo, mas é difícil igualar esse comprimento usando text width=o vertblockestilo.

Da mesma forma, ajustei yshiftos valores das linhas de seta entre a caixa Energy Harvester e o restante das caixas para serem horizontais, mas é difícil determinar qual é o yshift correspondente para fazer uma seta horizontal apontando desta caixa para a camada FSA e PHY, e caixas transceptoras passivas.

Não sei se essas perguntas podem ser respondidas em uma pergunta ou devo perguntar separadamente.

Answer 1

Você pode simplesmente usar a expanding wavesdecoração e cortar as peças indesejadas.

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows.meta,calc,fit,backgrounds,shapes.multipart,positioning,decorations.pathreplacing}
\tikzset{box/.style={draw, rectangle, rounded corners, thick, node 
distance=7em, 
text width=6em, text centered, minimum height=3.5em}}
%\tikzset{line/.style={draw, thick, -{Latex[length=2mm,width=1mm]}}}
\tikzset{every node/.style={font=\footnotesize}}

\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
%=======================================
% Adjust the boarder of the flowchart
%=======================================
\setlength\PreviewBorder{4pt}%

\begin{document}
%************************************************************
%************************************************************
%  Define block styles
%************************************************************
%************************************************************
\tikzset{
block/.style={rectangle split, draw, rectangle split parts=2,text width=14em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em},
brwblock/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=brown!20, text width=13em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=3em, minimum width=30em}, 
whtblock/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=white!20, text width=14em, text centered, minimum height=4em},  
vertblock/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=cyan!20, text width=17em, text centered, minimum width=2em, minimum height=2em},   
line/.style={draw, {latex[length=5mm,width=5mm]}-{latex[length=5mm,width=5mm]}},
cloud/.style={draw, ellipse,fill=white!20, node distance=3cm,    minimum height=4em},  
% container/.style={draw, rectangle,dashed,inner sep=0.28cm, rounded corners,fill=yellow!20,minimum height=4cm}}
container1/.style={draw, rectangle,inner sep=0.4cm,fill=blue!8,minimum height=4cm,rounded corners},
container2/.style={draw, rectangle,inner sep=0.28cm,fill=green!10,minimum height=4em,rounded corners}}
%************************************************************
%************************************************************ 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto,every text node part/.style={align=center}]
%
%===============================================    
%  Reader
%===============================================  
  \node [whtblock,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=magenta!15] (LBT) {LBT \\[0.5em]Reader Anti-Collision Protocol};   
  \node [whtblock, below=of LBT, node distance=2.5cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=green!15] (FSA) {FSA \\[0.5em]Anti-Collision Protocol};
  \node [whtblock, below=of FSA, node distance=2.5cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=yellow!20] (PHY) {PHY Layer};
  \node [whtblock, below=of PHY, node distance=2.5cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] (AT) {Active Transceiver};
%*****************
% TAG
%***************

  \node [whtblock, right=of AT, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,shift={(2.8cm,0)}] (PTtag) {Passive Transceiver};
  \node [whtblock, above=of PTtag, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=yellow!20] (PHYtag) {PHY Layer};

  \node [whtblock, above=of PHYtag, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,fill=green!15] (FSAtag) {FSA \\[0.5em]Anti-Collision Protocol};

  \node [vertblock, right=of PHYtag, node distance=13cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont,shift={(0cm,3.7cm)},fill=pink!30,rotate=-90] (EHtag) {Energy Harvester};
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%   CONTAINERS
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
  \coordinate (aux1) at ([yshift=3mm]LBT.north);
  \node [container1,fit=(aux1) (FSA)(PHY)(AT)] (Reader) {};
  \node at (Reader.north) [fill=white,draw,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {\textbf{Reader}};
%-----------------------------------------------------------
  \coordinate (aux2) at ([yshift=3mm]FSAtag.north);
  \node [container1,fit=(aux2) (PHYtag)(FSAtag)(PTtag)(EHtag)] (TAG) {};
  \node at (TAG.north) [fill=white,draw,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {\textbf{Tag}};
\end{scope}

 \node[brwblock,shift={(0,8.0cm)},minimum width=18cm,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] at ($(Reader)!.5!(TAG)$) {\textbf{Scenario Setup}};

%************************************************************
%************************************************************
%  Draw edges
%************************************************************
%************************************************************
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (LBT.south) -- (FSA.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (FSA.south) -- (PHY.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (PHY.south) -- (AT.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (FSAtag.south) -- (PHYtag.north);
\draw [Latex-Latex,darkgray, thick] (PTtag.north) -- (PHYtag.south);

\draw [-Latex,darkgray,very thick] ([yshift=6pt]AT.east) -- node [above,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {Power-Up \\[0.5em] Link} ([yshift=6pt]PTtag.west);
\draw [-Latex,darkgray,very thick] ([yshift=-6pt]PTtag.west) -- node [below,font=\fontsize{12}{0}\selectfont] {Backscattered \\[0.5em] Link} ([yshift=-6pt]AT.east);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= -10pt]PTtag.east) -- ([yshift=-94pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [-Latex,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= +10pt]PTtag.east) -- ([yshift=-74pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= 0pt]PHYtag.east) -- ([yshift=-1pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= 0pt]PHYtag.east) -- ([yshift=-1pt]EHtag.south);
\draw [Latex-,darkgray, thick] ([yshift= 0pt]FSAtag.east) -- ([yshift=82pt]EHtag.south);
\begin{scope}
\clip ([yshift=24pt]AT.east) --([yshift=12pt]PTtag.west) --([yshift=0pt]AT.east);
\draw[red,thick,decorate,decoration={expanding waves,angle=20}] 
([yshift=12pt]AT.center) --([yshift=6pt]PTtag.west);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\clip ([yshift=-12pt]PTtag.west) --([yshift=-8pt]AT.east)
-- ([yshift=-4pt]PTtag.west);
\draw[red,thick,decorate,decoration={expanding waves,angle=20}] 
([yshift=-8pt]PTtag.center) --([yshift=-8pt]AT.east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Se eu substituir o escopo do clipe superior por

\begin{scope}
\clip[postaction=draw] ([yshift=24pt]AT.east) --([yshift=14pt]PTtag.west)--([yshift=10pt]PTtag.west) --([yshift=0pt]AT.east);
\draw[red,thick,decorate,decoration={expanding waves,angle=20}] 
([yshift=12pt]AT.center) --([yshift=6pt]PTtag.west);
\end{scope}

eu recebo

então a onda é mais larga no ponto onde chega, ou seja, na caixa certa. A segunda maneira de interpretar seu comentário é tornar a onda superior que chega mais larga no ponto em que chega e a onda inferior no ponto em que parte. Isto pode ser feito, por exemplo, por

\begin{scope}
\clip ([yshift=24pt]AT.east) --([yshift=15pt]PTtag.west)--([yshift=9pt]PTtag.west) --([yshift=0pt]AT.east);
\draw[red,thick,decorate,decoration={expanding waves,angle=20}] 
([yshift=12pt]AT.center) --([yshift=6pt]PTtag.center);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\clip ([yshift=-12pt]PTtag.west) --([yshift=-9pt]AT.east) --([yshift=-7pt]AT.east)
-- ([yshift=-4pt]PTtag.west);
\draw[red,thick,decorate,decoration={expanding waves,angle=20}] 
([yshift=-8pt]PTtag.center) --([yshift=-8pt]AT.east);
\end{scope}