A tabela não cabe na página e adiciona figura na célula da tabela

Question

Pergunta:

Preparei uma mesa online. O problema é que não cabe na página. O segundo problema é que adicionei códigos para uma figura, quero adicionar esta figura na primeira coluna (segunda célula). Alguém pode me ajudar? Como aumentar a altura da célula para alinhamento central?

MWE

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[bindingoffset=0.2in,left=0.5in,right=0.5in,top=0.5in,bottom=0.5in,footskip=.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage[centertags]{amsmath}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{newlfont}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,intersections}
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%%%  Table  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[]
    \begin{tabular}{|l|cccc|}
        \hline
        \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Set}}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{Closure Property}}                                                                                                                                                             \\ \cline{2-5} 
        \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{}                              & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Operation}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Y/N}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Result}}                                            & \textbf{Remarks or Justification}          \\ \hline
        \multirow{4}{*}{\textbf{Natural Numbers}}           & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Addition}           & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Yes}          & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Natural number $+$ Natural number $=$ Natural number}       &                                            \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Subtraction}        & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{No}           & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Natural number $-$ Natural number $\neq$ Natural number}    & $2-5=-3$ and  $-3$ is not a natural number \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Multiplication}     & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Yes}          & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Natural number $\times$ Natural number $=$ Natural number}  &                                            \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Division}           & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{No}           & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Natural number $\div$ Natural number $\neq$ Natural number} & $2\div 5$, which is not a Natural number   \\ \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%  Figure  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
            scale=1.5,
            transform shape,
            txt/.style={align=center,font=\bfseries\sf\tiny},
            ]
\foreach \x/\clr in {1/blue!20}
\draw[color=black,very thick,fill=\clr] (0,\x) circle [radius=\x];
\node[txt] at (0,1) {Natural Numbers\\\\1, 2, 3, \dots};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Answer 1

Com tabularray:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[bindingoffset=0.2in,left=0.5in,right=0.5in,top=0.5in,bottom=0.5in,footskip=.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage[centertags]{amsmath}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{newlfont}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,intersections}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
  \begin{tblr}{
     colspec={Q[l,m]Q[c,m]Q[c,m]X[c,m]X[c,m]},
     hlines, vlines,
     row{1,2}={font=\bfseries},
     cell{3,5}{3}={green},
     cell{4,6}{3}={red},
     }
     \SetCell[r=2]{c}Set & \SetCell[c=4]{c,red} Closure Property &&& \\  
     & Operation & Y/N & Result & Remarks or Justification \\ 
     \SetCell[r=4]{c}{Natural Numbers\\[7pt]
     \begin{tikzpicture}[
                scale=1.5,
                transform shape,
                txt/.style={align=center,font=\bfseries\sf\tiny},
                ]
     \foreach \x/\clr in {1/blue!20}
     \draw[color=black,very thick,fill=\clr] (0,\x) circle [radius=\x];
     \node[txt] at (0,1) {Natural Numbers\\\\1, 2, 3, \dots};
     \end{tikzpicture}} &  Addition & Yes & Natural number $+$ Natural number $=$ Natural number & \\ 
     & Subtraction & No & Natural number - Natural number $\neq$ Natural number & $2-5=-3$ and  $-3$ is not a Natural number \\ 
     & Multiplication & Yes & Natural number $\times$ Natural number $=$ Natural number  & \\
     & Division & No & Natural number $\div$ Natural number $\neq$ Natural number & $2\div 5$, which is not a Natural number \\ 
  \end{tblr}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

EDIT: Coloque a figura na tabela.

1. Como @samcarter notou: remova as \multicolumn{1}coisas.
2. Use \small para tornar o texto um pouco menor.
3. Substitua Natural Numberna quarta coluna por uma abreviatura porque ocupa muito espaço. Caso contrário, você nunca ajustará a tabela à largura do texto (a menos que você faça quebras de linha nesta coluna, mas acho que isso não é nada legal). A escolha é sua, no entanto.
4. Use tabularxpara ajustar a última coluna no espaço disponível. Ou se quiser manter o texto completo na quarta coluna, use uma Xcoluna lá também.
5. Usei `\multirow{6} para a imagem, pois na verdade ela abrange 6 linhas.

Com alguns pequenos ajustes, fica:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[bindingoffset=0.2in,left=0.5in,right=0.5in,top=0.5in,bottom=0.5in,footskip=.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage[centertags]{amsmath}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{newlfont}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,intersections}
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%%%  Table  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{table}[]
  \small
  \setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}
    \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|@{\,}c@{\,}|c|c|c|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X|}
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Set}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{Closure Property}}                                        \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & \textbf{Operation} & \textbf{Y/N} & \textbf{Result}                    & \textbf{Remarks or Justification}          \\ \hline
        \multirow{6}{*}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[
            scale=1.5,
            transform shape,
            txt/.style={align=center,font=\bfseries\sf\tiny},
            ]
\foreach \x/\clr in {1/blue!20}
\draw[color=black,very thick,fill=\clr] (0,\x) circle [radius=\x];
\node[txt] at (0,1) {Natural Numbers\\\\1, 2, 3, \dots};
\end{tikzpicture}}
        & Addition           & Yes          & NatNum $+$ NatNum $=$ NatNum       &                                            \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & Subtraction        & No           & NatNum $-$ NatNum $\neq$ NatNum    & $2-5=-3$ and  $-3$ is not a natural number \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & Multiplication     & Yes          & NatNum $\times$ NatNum $=$ NatNum  &                                            \\ \cline{2-5} 
        & Division           & No           & NatNum $\div$ NatNum $\neq$ NatNum & $2\div 5$, which is not a natural number   \\ \hline
    \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}