Problemas para alinhar texto em uma tabela

Question

Estou tendo problemas com uma mesa.

Parece que não consigo alinhar minha tabela corretamente. O texto entre a segunda e a terceira linha deve estar alinhado; também o texto está muito próximo da barra superior. Existe uma solução fácil para esse problema?

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[colorinlistoftodos]{todonotes}

 \begin{document}


 \begin{table*}[ht]\centering
 \begin{tabular}{  l  l  l  l  l  l  l  l  } \hline
 \ & \ & \ Yellow conidia & \  & \  & \ & Black conidia  \  & \  \\ \hline
 \ & Yield  & Yield & OD Reference \ & \ & Yield  & Yield & OD Reference  \  \\
 Run & (ng/uL) &  ($\mu$g/g of conidia) & (260/280) & Run & (ng/uL) &  ($\mu$g/g of conidia) & (260/280) \\ \hline
 1 & 685 & 1370 & 2.04 & 1 & 377.5 & 754.9 & 1.98 \\ 
 2 & 186.7 & 373.4 & 1.71 & 2 & 122.6 & 245.2 & 1.6 \\ 
 3 & 314.1 & 628.2 & 1.81 & 3 & 387.2 & 774.4 & 2.04 \\ 
 4 & 209.1 & 418.2 & 1.84 & 4 & 291.3 & 582.7 & 1.92 \\ 
 5 & 724.3 & 1448.5 & 1.99 & 5 & 615.5 & 1231 & 1.99 \\ 
 6 & 582.7 & 1165.3 & 1.74 & 6 & 337.4 & 674.9 & 2.09 \\ 
 7 & 334.4 & 668.7 & 2.00 & 7 & 282 & 564 & 2.04 \\ 
 8 & 126 & 252 & 2.13 & 8 & 92.8 & 185.6 & 1.99 \\ 
 9 & 647.1 & 1294.2 & 1.95 & 9 & 507.6 & 1015.2 & 1.99 \\ 
10 & 964.4 & 1928.8 & 2.06 & 10 & 508 & 1016 & 1.87 \\
11 & 1033.9 & 2067.8 & 1.92 & 11 & 760.9 & 1521.8 & 1.92 \\ 
12 & 439 & 877.9 & 1.88 & 12 & 368.6 & 737.1 & 1.88 \\ 
13 & 1242.7 & 2485.4 & 1.88 & 13 & 911.2 & 1822.4 & 1.93 \\ 
14 & 1113 & 2226 & 1.82 & 14 & 283.7 & 567.4 & 1.56 \\ 
15 & 1081.7 & 2163.4 & 1.93 & 15 & 575.9 & 1151.8 & 1.92 \\ 
16 & 274.3 & 548.6 & 1.87 & 16 & 151.3 & 302.6 & 1.79 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\end{document}

Answer 1

ainda está um pouco cheio demais, mas...

\documentclass[fleqn,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\usepackage{dcolumn,booktabs}
\begin{document}

  \begin{table}\centering
  \begin{tabular}{   *{2}{D..{2.0} D..{4.1} D..{4.1} D..{1.2}}}
\toprule
&
\multicolumn{3}{c}{Yellow conidia}&
\multicolumn{3}{c}{Black conidia} \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Run} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3cm}}{\centering Yield\\ (ng/uL)}&
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3cm}}{\centering Yield\\  ($\mu$g/g of conidia)}&
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3cm}}{\centering OD Reference  \\ (260/280)}&
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Run} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3cm}}{\centering Yield\\ (ng/uL)}&
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3cm}}{\centering Yield\\  ($\mu$g/g of conidia)}&
\multicolumn{1}{p{1.3cm}}{\centering OD Reference  \\ (260/280)}\\
\midrule
  1 & 685 & 1370 & 2.04 & 1 & 377.5 & 754.9 & 1.98 \\
  2 & 186.7 & 373.4 & 1.71 & 2 & 122.6 & 245.2 & 1.6 \\
  3 & 314.1 & 628.2 & 1.81 & 3 & 387.2 & 774.4 & 2.04 \\
  4 & 209.1 & 418.2 & 1.84 & 4 & 291.3 & 582.7 & 1.92 \\
  5 & 724.3 & 1448.5 & 1.99 & 5 & 615.5 & 1231 & 1.99 \\
  6 & 582.7 & 1165.3 & 1.74 & 6 & 337.4 & 674.9 & 2.09 \\
  7 & 334.4 & 668.7 & 2.00 & 7 & 282 & 564 & 2.04 \\
  8 & 126 & 252 & 2.13 & 8 & 92.8 & 185.6 & 1.99 \\
  9 & 647.1 & 1294.2 & 1.95 & 9 & 507.6 & 1015.2 & 1.99 \\
  10 & 964.4 & 1928.8 & 2.06 & 10 & 508 & 1016 & 1.87 \\\\
  11 & 1033.9 & 2067.8 & 1.92 & 11 & 760.9 & 1521.8 & 1.92 \\
  12 & 439 & 877.9 & 1.88 & 12 & 368.6 & 737.1 & 1.88 \\
  13 & 1242.7 & 2485.4 & 1.88 & 13 & 911.2 & 1822.4 & 1.93 \\
  14 & 1113 & 2226 & 1.82 & 14 & 283.7 & 567.4 & 1.56 \\
  15 & 1081.7 & 2163.4 & 1.93 & 15 & 575.9 & 1151.8 & 1.92 \\
  16 & 274.3 & 548.6 & 1.87 & 16 & 151.3 & 302.6 & 1.79 \\
\bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
  \end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 2

Aqui está uma solução que usa (a) o Stipo de coluna siunitxpara alinhar as entradas numéricas nos marcadores decimais, (b) a \simacro (também do siunitxpacote) para formatar as unidades e (c) o tabularxpacote (e um formulário modificado do tipo de coluna daquele pacote Xpara 6 dos 8 subcabeçalhos) para forçar a tabela a ocupar toda a largura (e não mais!) do bloco de texto. Por fim, as macros de desenho de regras do booktabspacote são utilizadas para obter um bom espaçamento em torno das linhas horizontais.

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath,booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}
  \sisetup{per-mode=symbol}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e}
  \newcolumntype{C}{>{\Centering\arraybackslash}X} % centered form of "X" column type
  \newcommand\mC[1]{\multicolumn{1}{C}{#1}}        % handy shortcut macro
\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]
\setlength\tabcolsep{5pt} % default value: 6pt
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} *{2}{l *{2}{S[table-format=4.1]} S[table-format=1.2]}  @{}} 
\toprule
\multicolumn{4}{@{}c}{Yellow conidia} & \multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{Black conidia} \\ 
\cmidrule(r){1-4} \cmidrule(l){5-8}
%% use "C" column type for six of the eight header cells
Run & \mC{Yield (\si{\nano\gram\per\micro\liter})} 
    & \mC{Yield (\si{\micro\gram\per\gram} of conidia)} 
    & \mC{OD Reference (260/280)} &
Run & \mC{Yield (\si{\nano\gram\per\micro\liter})} 
    & \mC{Yield (\si{\micro\gram\per\gram} of conidia)} 
    & \mC{OD Reference (260/280)}\\
\midrule
 1 & 685 & 1370 & 2.04 & 1 & 377.5 & 754.9 & 1.98 \\ 
 2 & 186.7 & 373.4 & 1.71 & 2 & 122.6 & 245.2 & 1.6 \\ 
 3 & 314.1 & 628.2 & 1.81 & 3 & 387.2 & 774.4 & 2.04 \\ 
 4 & 209.1 & 418.2 & 1.84 & 4 & 291.3 & 582.7 & 1.92 \\ 
 5 & 724.3 & 1448.5 & 1.99 & 5 & 615.5 & 1231 & 1.99 \\ 
 6 & 582.7 & 1165.3 & 1.74 & 6 & 337.4 & 674.9 & 2.09 \\ 
 7 & 334.4 & 668.7 & 2.00 & 7 & 282 & 564 & 2.04 \\ 
 8 & 126 & 252 & 2.13 & 8 & 92.8 & 185.6 & 1.99 \\ 
 9 & 647.1 & 1294.2 & 1.95 & 9 & 507.6 & 1015.2 & 1.99 \\ 
10 & 964.4 & 1928.8 & 2.06 & 10 & 508 & 1016 & 1.87 \\
11 & 1033.9 & 2067.8 & 1.92 & 11 & 760.9 & 1521.8 & 1.92 \\ 
12 & 439 & 877.9 & 1.88 & 12 & 368.6 & 737.1 & 1.88 \\ 
13 & 1242.7 & 2485.4 & 1.88 & 13 & 911.2 & 1822.4 & 1.93 \\ 
14 & 1113 & 2226 & 1.82 & 14 & 283.7 & 567.4 & 1.56 \\ 
15 & 1081.7 & 2163.4 & 1.93 & 15 & 575.9 & 1151.8 & 1.92 \\ 
16 & 274.3 & 548.6 & 1.87 & 16 & 151.3 & 302.6 & 1.79 \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}