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Lubuntu (LXDE) 中的「焦點應用程式」鍵盤快速鍵

tag-icon • tag-icon lubuntu shortcut-keys lxde openbox
Lubuntu (LXDE) 中的「焦點應用程式」鍵盤快速鍵

在 Unity 中，按Super+1可9啟動應用程式或將焦點切換到應用程式。我可以在 Lubuntu 中（即在 LXDE 中）指派具有類似屬性的鍵盤快速鍵嗎？

更準確地說，我是否可以設定一個快捷方式，以便如果應用程式已經打開，那麼焦點將切換到它並且工作區將相應地更改（就像在 Unity 中一樣）？到目前為止，我只設法分配一個啟動應用程式（的新實例）的捷徑。

答案1

Openbox（LXDE 的視窗管理器）沒有內建的功能，但需要一些幫助xdo工具我們可以編寫一個可以複製甚至增強 Unity 行為的腳本。

首先，請確保您安裝了 xdotool：

sudo apt-get install xdotool

將以下腳本另存為focus_or_launch並使其可執行：

 #!/bin/bash

# NAME:         focus_or_launch
# VERSION:      0.4
# AUTHOR:       (c) 2014 Glutanimate <https://github.com/Glutanimate/>
#
# DESCRIPTION:  Focus existing app window or launch application if no
#               window found
#
#               Simplified version of a script by Henning Bekel
#               (https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=625009#p625009)
#
# DEPENDENCIES: xdotool
#
# LICENSE:      GNU GPLv3 (http://www.gnu.de/documents/gpl-3.0.en.html)
#
# NOTICE:       THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 
#               EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 
#               PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR 
#               IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 
#               AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND 
#               PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE,
#               YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
#
#               IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY 
#               COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS 
#               PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, 
#               INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE 
#               THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED 
#               INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE 
#               PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER 
#               PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
#
# USAGE:        focus_or_launch <command>
# EXAMPLE:      focus_or_launch google-chrome


############# GLOBVAR/PREP ###############

Executable="$1"
ExecutableBase="$(basename "$Executable")"
Usage="\
Usage: $(basename $0) command
E.g.:  $(basename $0) google-chrome\
"

############## USGCHECKS #################

if [[ $# -ne 1 || "$1" =~ ^(-h|--help)$ ]]; then
  echo "$Usage"
  exit 1
fi

################ MAIN ####################

MostRecentWID="$(xdotool search --class --name "$ExecutableBase" | tail -1 2> /dev/null)"

if [[ -z "$MostRecentWID" ]]; then
  echo "$ExecutableBase not found. Launching new window."
  "$Executable" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
  disown
else
  echo "Focusing existing instance of $ExecutableBase."
  # use brute-force approach if activating most recent WID doesn't work
  xdotool windowactivate "$MostRecentWID" 2>&1 | grep failed \
  && xdotool search --class --name "$ExecutableBase" windowactivate %@
fi

該腳本的工作原理如下：當您執行focus_or_launch applicationxdotool 時，它將尋找應用程式的現有實例並聚焦其中之一。如果沒有找到實例，腳本將啟動一個新實例。

要將此腳本與您的桌面會話集成，請編輯您的 openbox 設定檔（例如~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml、../lubuntu-rc.xml或../rc.xml），並為您要控制的每個應用程式添加類似於以下內容的部分：

<keybind key="W-g">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>focus_or_launch gedit</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

確保替換focus_or_launch為系統上腳本的路徑，或將腳本複製到您的$PATH.

如果您不希望腳本啟動新的應用程式實例，只需刪除以下部分：

"$Executable" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
disown

PS：此腳本應該適用於所有 xdotool 相容的桌面環境（例如 Unity、GNOME、XFCE...）

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