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將目錄加入 PYTHONPATH 會導致我的主目錄也被加入

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將目錄加入 PYTHONPATH 會導致我的主目錄也被加入

我嘗試/home/myname/bin透過將以下內容插入我的.bashrc：

if [ -d ~/bin ]; then
    export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/myname/bin
fi

不幸的是，這似乎將我的主目錄添加到 Python 的搜尋路徑中，如在 Python 中運行以下命令所示：

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path

['', '/home/myname', '/home/myname/bin', '/usr/lib/python3.4', '/usr/lib/python3.4/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages']

請注意，echo $PYTHONPATH僅返回:/home/myname/bin.

答案1

問題是您要包括 的現有值PYTHONPATH。然而，該變數尚未設置，因此它的計算結果為空字串。由於某種原因，這似乎python包括你的$HOME目錄。據推測，這是預設目錄：

$ python -c 'import sys; print sys.path'
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx-3.0-gtk2']

但是，如果我設定PYTHONPATH為空字串，則$HOME包含 my：

$ PYTHONPATH=""; python -c 'import sys; print sys.path'
['', '/home/terdon', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx-3.0-gtk2']

因此，當您在設定它時包含當前值時PYTHONPATH，這就是您得到的行為：

$ PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:$HOME/bin" python -c 'import sys; print sys.path'
['', '/home/terdon', '/home/terdon/bin', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx-3.0-gtk2']

設定它的正確方法是僅向其提供您要新增的目錄：

$ PYTHONPATH="$HOME/bin" python -c 'import sys; print sys.path'
['', '/home/terdon/bin', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx-3.0-gtk2']

或者，為了安全起見，以防萬一它被定義，檢查它是否為空並採取相應的行動：

if [ -d ~/bin ]; then
    [ -z "$PYTHONPATH" ] && 
        export PYTHONPATH="/home/myname/bin" ||
        export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:/home/myname/bin"
fi

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