嘗試了我認為的所有其他“聲音不起作用”的帖子，記不清了。
清除/重新安裝alsa 和pulse，重新啟動，將使用者新增至音訊群組，alsa 設定檔中的各個行，例如“options snd-hda-intel model=”，然後嘗試不同的選項，例如通用、自動、基本、預設等。
硬體：16GB 內存，核心 I7-4790，帶有板載聲音和圖形的 Intel Haswell mboard 多媒體：音頻適配器：HDA-Intel-HDA Intel HDMI 作業系統：安裝了 ubuntu-desktop 的 Ubuntu 伺服器 14.04。
圖形使用者介面 聲音設定僅列出虛擬聲卡
alsamixer-c 0
│ Card: HDA Intel HDMI F1: Help │
│ Chip: Intel Haswell HDMI F2: System information │
│ View: F3:[Playback] F4: Capture F5: All F6: Select sound card │
│ Item: S/PDIF │
│ ┌──┐ │
│ │OO│ │
│ └──┘ │
│ < S/PDIF > │
aplay-l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
aplay-L
default
Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server
null
Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture)
pulse
PulseAudio Sound Server
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=0
HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0
HDMI Audio Output
dmix:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3
HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0
Direct sample mixing device
dsnoop:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3
HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0
Direct sample snooping device
hw:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3
HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0
Direct hardware device without any conversions
plughw:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3
HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0
Hardware device with all software conversions
貓 /proc/asound/cards
0 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDMI
HDA Intel HDMI at 0xf7d14000 irq 46
貓 /proc/asound/devices 1: : 音序器 2: [ 0- 3]: 數位音訊播放 3: [ 0- 0]: 取決於硬體 4: [ 0] : 控制 33: : 定時器
mplayer -ao alsa:device=hdmi /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg
MPlayer 1.1-4.8 (C) 2000-2012 MPlayer Team
mplayer: could not connect to socket
mplayer: No such file or directory
Failed to open LIRC support. You will not be able to use your remote control.
Playing /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg.
libavformat version 54.20.4 (external)
Mismatching header version 54.20.3
libavformat file format detected.
[lavf] stream 0: audio (vorbis), -aid 0
Load subtitles in /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/
==========================================================================
Opening audio decoder: [ffmpeg] FFmpeg/libavcodec audio decoders
libavcodec version 54.35.0 (external)
AUDIO: 44100 Hz, 1 ch, floatle, 80.0 kbit/5.67% (ratio: 10000->176400)
Selected audio codec: [ffvorbis] afm: ffmpeg (FFmpeg Vorbis)
==========================================================================
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: confmisc.c:768:(parse_card) cannot find card '1'
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4248:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4248:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: confmisc.c:1251:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4248:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4727:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
[AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: pcm.c:2239:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM hdmi
[AO_ALSA] Playback open error: No such file or directory
Failed to initialize audio driver 'alsa:device=hdmi'
Could not open/initialize audio device -> no sound.
Audio: no sound
Video: no video
Exiting... (End of file)
mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=0.3 /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg
MPlayer 1.1-4.8 (C) 2000-2012 MPlayer Team
mplayer: could not connect to socket
mplayer: No such file or directory
Failed to open LIRC support. You will not be able to use your remote control.
Playing /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg.
libavformat version 54.20.4 (external)
Mismatching header version 54.20.3
libavformat file format detected.
[lavf] stream 0: audio (vorbis), -aid 0
Load subtitles in /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/
==========================================================================
Opening audio decoder: [ffmpeg] FFmpeg/libavcodec audio decoders
libavcodec version 54.35.0 (external)
AUDIO: 44100 Hz, 1 ch, floatle, 80.0 kbit/5.67% (ratio: 10000->176400)
Selected audio codec: [ffvorbis] afm: ffmpeg (FFmpeg Vorbis)
==========================================================================
[AO_ALSA] Format floatle is not supported by hardware, trying default.
AO: [alsa] 44100Hz 2ch s16le (2 bytes per sample)
Video: no video
Starting playback...
A: 0.4 (00.4) of 0.8 (00.7) 0.1%
Exiting... (End of file)
感謝您的時間和幫助:)
更新：我現在新增了一個 Creative Soundblaster play 2 USB 音效卡，並從 BIOS 停用了板載音效卡。在我的 Ubuntu 桌面上它可以立即運行，因此硬體肯定可以運行。在伺服器上它沒有做任何事情。仍然只是聲音設定中的虛擬輸出（脈衝）。
重新安裝/清除/等等但無濟於事。
alsamixer 根本打不開，proc/asound 不存在
sudo aplay -l
aplay: device_list:268: no soundcards found...
lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio"
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller (rev 06)
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8534
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
Memory at f7d10000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 8cb1 (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8534
find /lib/modules/`uname -r` | grep snd
(nothing)
答案1
透過恢復到舊核心來解決...