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軟體更新和升級有什麼不同？

tag-icon • tag-icon apt package-management yum software-updates
軟體更新和升級有什麼不同？

有人說「更新」是小改動，「升級」是大改動。我對軟體更新和升級感到非常困惑。以及何時應該使用更新與何時應該使用升級。

有人可以解釋套件管理器中這些術語之間的差異嗎？

答案1

烏班圖 / 德班等使用apt-get：

update那你應該先跑upgrade。它們都不會自動運行另一個。

  • apt-get update更新可用軟體包及其版本的列表，但不會安裝或升級任何軟體包。
  • apt-get upgrade實際上會安裝您擁有的軟體包的較新版本。更新清單後，套件管理員會了解您已安裝的軟體的可用更新。這就是為什麼你首先要這樣做update。

-來源。

然而與紅帽/CentOS使用嗯該update命令將詢問您是否要套用它找到的更新。

$ sudo yum 更新

取得所有可用更新的列表，並詢問您是否要套用它們。像這樣：

 [..] 
 kf5-sonnet-core                            x86_64                   5.33.0-1.el7                                    epel                   150 k
 kf5-sonnet-ui                              x86_64                   5.33.0-1.el7                                    epel                   141 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade  52 Packages

Total size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:

當你的朋友提到更新作為“小變化”和升級作為“大變化”，他實際上指的是之間的區別升級和遠端升級。

來自 apt-get 手冊：

   upgrade
       upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages
       currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
       /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new
       versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
       circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages
       not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
       currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
       changing the install status of another package will be left at
       their current version. An update must be performed first so that
       apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.

   dist-upgrade
       dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
       also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions
       of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and
       it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the
       expense of less important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade
       command may therefore remove some packages. The
       /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which
       to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for
       a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual
       packages.

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