我正在運行 Ubuntu 12.04，據我所知，我的機器（戴爾筆記型電腦）上只有 1 個網卡 --- 我無法想像為什麼會有超過 1 個網卡。
有時我的網路連線透過裝置運行eth1，有時則透過裝置運行eth2。eth0有時也有可能。我不太關心使用哪個設備名稱，但我做關心它總是一樣的。
（因為我總是無線連接，所以根據我使用 Ubuntu 10.04 的經驗，我希望連接能夠在設備上運行wlanX，但是，正如我所說，只要保持一致，名稱並不重要）。
運行ifconfig返回：
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5c:26:0a:16:e4:31
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:22 Memory:f6fe0000-f7000000
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:56:b2:16:3e
inet addr:192.168.1.78 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::225:56ff:feb2:163e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:9970442 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:2735811
TX packets:7466676 errors:501 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1991253521 (1.9 GB) TX bytes:594939490 (594.9 MB)
Interrupt:17 Base address:0xc000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2634 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2634 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:287326 (287.3 KB) TX bytes:287326 (287.3 KB)
內容為/etc/network/interfaces：
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
運行ifconfig並查看內容後/etc/network/interfaces，我編輯/etc/network/interfaces並輸入# /etc/init.d/networking restart
現在，內容/etc/network/interfaces是：
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
現在運行ifconfig返回（其中XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX和YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY不是實際地址）：
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5c:26:0a:16:e4:31
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:22 Memory:f6fe0000-f7000000
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:56:b2:16:3e
inet addr:192.168.1.78 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::225:56ff:feb2:163e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10329105 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:2751349
TX packets:7712653 errors:609 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2531013388 (2.5 GB) TX bytes:614377694 (614.3 MB)
Interrupt:17 Base address:0xc000
eth0:avahi Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5c:26:0a:16:e4:31
inet addr:XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Bcast:YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:22 Memory:f6fe0000-f7000000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2751 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2751 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:303844 (303.8 KB) TX bytes:303844 (303.8 KB)
所以，我的問題是：我所做的更改是否/etc/network/interfaces會強制互聯網連接始終在設備上運行eth0，或者至少始終由設備別名eth0？如果不是，那麼在撤銷對 的變更後/etc/network/interfaces，我該怎麼做才能始終將網路連線裝置稱為eth0？
[根據要求添加如下。
其內容/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules為：
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:19.0 (e1000e)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="5c:26:0a:16:e4:31", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x14e4:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:0c:00.0/ssb0:0 (b43-pci-bridge)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:25:56:b2:16:3e", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"
# PCI device 0x14e4:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:0c:00.0 (wl)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:25:56:b2:16:3e", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
# PCI device 0x14e4:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:0c:00.0 (wl)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:25:56:b2:16:3e", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2"
答案1
設備名稱是為每個不同的硬體自動分配的。看到“HWaddr”條目了嗎？其中每一個都是不同的 MAC 位址。該系統儲存並記住您擁有的每個硬件，以便每個硬體都有不同的標籤，並且可以被識別為不同的設備。
如果您使用多個硬件，我不相信您可以將其設置為所有內容都可以是“eth0”。但是，您可以更改每個介面上的標籤（請小心操作）。