需要進行哪些具體更改，以便本地 IP 上的 CentOS 7 安裝192.168.1.6可以telnet安裝到另一個本地 IP 上的另一個 CentOS 7 安裝192.168.1.5？
正如您所看到的，192.168.1.6可以192.168.1.5如下 PING：
[root@localhost /]# ping 192.168.1.5
PING 192.168.1.5 (192.168.1.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.515 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.565 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.5 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.515/0.540/0.565/0.025 ms
但telnetFROM 192.168.1.6TO192.168.1.5失敗如下：
[root@localhost /]# telnet 192.168.1.5
Trying 192.168.1.5...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.1.5: No route to host
telnetFROM 192.168.1.6TO port 5432at也192.168.1.5失敗，如下圖所示：
[root@localhost /]# telnet 192.168.1.5:5432
telnet: 192.168.1.5:5432: Name or service not known
192.168.1.5:5432: Unknown host
[root@localhost /]#
PostgreSQL 正在運行192.168.1.5，並且應該正在接收telnet 192.168.1.5:5432。因此，我在pg_hba.conf運行上述程式碼之前 添加了以下行：
host all all 192.168.1.6/24 trust
在執行上述命令ping並telnet輸入之前，我重新啟動了 PostgreSQL systemctl restart postgresql。
同樣，在執行上述命令之前ping，telnet我還在 上建立了以下防火牆規則192.168.1.5：
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5432/tcp
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-source=192.168.1.6/32
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
另外，我確認 PostgreSQL 正在運行，port 5432在終端機中輸入以下命令192.168.1.5：
[root@localhost ~]# ss -l -n | grep 5432
u_str LISTEN 0 128 /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 71466 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 128 /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432 71468 * 0
tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:5432 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 ::1:5432 :::*
[root@localhost ~]#
@roaima的建議：
根據@roaima的建議，我嘗試了以下操作，但仍然無法連接：
從 192.168.1.6，我發送了：
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.5 5432
Trying 192.168.1.5...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.1.5: No route to host
而在192.168.1.5上，tcpdump請求接收端的telnet為：
[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 port 5432 or arp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
16:52:49.309526 IP 192.168.1.6.53328 > localhost.localdomain.postgres: Flags [S], seq 3210933916, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 629624820 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
16:52:54.312716 ARP, Request who-has localhost.localdomain tell 192.168.1.6, length 28
16:52:54.312750 ARP, Reply localhost.localdomain is-at 52:54:00:ef:35:18 (oui Unknown), length 28
^C
3 packets captured
4 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
同樣，從 192.168.1.6 我僅向 IP 層級發送以下 telnet：
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.5
Trying 192.168.1.5...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.1.5: No route to host
[root@localhost ~]#
而在192.168.1.5上，tcpdump請求接收端的telnet為：
[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 port 5432 or arp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
//THESE 2 LINES PRINTED BEFORE 2ND TELNET WAS RUN: 16:58:11.619638 ARP, Request who-has gateway tell localhost.localdomain, length 28
//THESE 2 LINES PRINTED BEFORE 2ND TELNET WAS RUN: 16:58:11.619940 ARP, Reply gateway is-at b8:ec:a3:11:74:6e (oui Unknown), length 46
16:58:35.555570 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.1.6 tell localhost.localdomain, length 28
16:58:35.555753 ARP, Reply 192.168.1.6 is-at 52:54:00:ab:31:40 (oui Unknown), length 28
^C
4 packets captured
4 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
[root@localhost ~]#
@cutrightjm 的建議：
在 上192.168.1.5，我在一個 Putty 會話中輸入了以下內容：
[root@localhost ~]# telnet localhost 5432
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
同時，在 的單獨 Putty 會話中192.168.1.5，我沒有看到 的結果tcpdump，如下所示：
[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 port 5432 or arp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
^C
0 packets captured
0 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
[root@localhost ~]#
@JeffSchaller 的建議：
根據 @JeffSchaller 的建議，我在192.168.1.6.請注意，這是 CentOS 7，它已替換netstat為ss，並且已替換iptables為firewalld：
ss -rn產生了 90 行輸出。您能否建議一個有意義的grep或其他過濾器來將輸出減少到允許添加到帖子中的數量？
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -Ln
iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: 8080/tcp
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
sourceports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
[root@localhost ~]#
我還在 上運行了以下命令192.168.1.6：
[root@localhost ~]# ip route
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.6 metric 100
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ab:31:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.6/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 133013sec preferred_lft 133013sec
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feab:3140/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#
刪除兩台機器上的防火牆
作為一項極端測試，我透過在兩台電腦上鍵入192.168.1.5和來刪除兩台電腦上的防火牆。然後我驗證了這兩個刪除，如下所示： 192.168.1.6yum remove firewalldyum remove iptables
在192.168.1.5：
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
Unit firewalld.service could not be found.
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L -n
-bash: /sbin/iptables: No such file or directory
在192.168.1.6：
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
Unit firewalld.service could not be found.
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L -n
-bash: /sbin/iptables: No such file or directory
接下來，我輸入tcpdump -i eth0 port 5432 or arp，192.168.1.5然後telnet 192.168.1.5 5432輸入192.168.1.6。
telnet 的結果是印在 上的以下拒絕訊息192.168.1.6：
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.5 5432
Trying 192.168.1.5...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.1.5: Connection refused
[root@localhost ~]#
同時，來自呼叫的tcpdump列印輸出是： 192.168.1.5telnet1.6
[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 port 5432 or arp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
10:25:11.349238 ARP, Request who-has localhost.localdomain tell gateway, length 46
10:25:11.349261 ARP, Reply localhost.localdomain is-at 52:54:00:ef:35:18 (oui Unknown), length 28
10:25:14.391222 IP 192.168.1.6.53344 > localhost.localdomain.postgres: Flags [S], seq 3043089625, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 692769902 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:25:14.391265 IP localhost.localdomain.postgres > 192.168.1.6.53344: Flags [R.], seq 0, ack 3043089626, win 0, length 0
10:25:19.395578 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.1.6 tell localhost.localdomain, length 28
10:25:19.396039 ARP, Reply 192.168.1.6 is-at 52:54:00:ab:31:40 (oui Unknown), length 28
^C
6 packets captured
6 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
[root@localhost ~]#
為了確定 PostgreSQL 是否正在偵聽port 5432，我在 上輸入了以下兩個指令192.168.1.5：
注意firewalld和iptables執行以下命令時，兩者仍然被：
首先，我查看了該pg_hba.conf文件，192.168.1.5發現有一條值得信任的規則192.168.1.6：
[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
# LOTS OF # COMMENTED LINES OMITTED HERE FOR BREVITY
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all 192.168.1.6/24 trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 trust
接下來，我輸入以下netstat命令以192.168.1.5查看是否有規則port 5432：
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 943/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25166/postgres
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1483/master
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:45228 :::* LISTEN 19089/java
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8020 :::* LISTEN 14338/java
tcp6 0 0 :::7990 :::* LISTEN 19089/java
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 943/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:5432 :::* LISTEN 25166/postgres
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:7992 :::* LISTEN 19066/java
tcp6 0 0 ::1:7992 :::* LISTEN 19066/java
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1483/master
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:36122 :::* LISTEN 19089/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8095 :::* LISTEN 14338/java
tcp6 0 0 :::5701 :::* LISTEN 19089/java
[root@localhost ~]#
答案1
第一個問題是您使用了錯誤的命令語法telnet。運行man telnet會告訴你語法是這樣的：
telnet <host> [<port>]
所以在你的情況下，你應該運行這個：
telnet 192.168.1.5 5432
第二個問題是每個主機上都有防火牆規則，以防止出境流量至 5432/tcp。 （可能還有其他連接埠。）錯誤訊息「沒有到主機的路由」是iptables --j REJECT由OUTPUT具有--reject-with icmp-host-prohibited.以下是建立此類規則的範例：
iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
這滿足了由於成功而路由明顯存在ping但會話telnet失敗的情況。您可以自己使用命令iptables --line-numbers -nvL（not iptables -Ln，它嘗試列出鏈的規則n）來檢查這一點。
確認確實可以建立流量的兩個臨時修復是
- 完全禁用兩個系統上的防火牆
在兩個系統上運行這兩個命令（您可以隨後透過替換
-I為刪除它們-D）iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --src 192.168.1.5/30 -j ACCEPT iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp --dst 192.168.1.5/30 -j ACCEPT
我（還）對 CentOS 7 防火牆工具還不夠熟悉，無法為您提供完整的解決方案。我可以去挖掘，或者也許其他人可能想編輯這個答案來提供該資訊。