尋找不同的可能組合

尋找不同的可能組合

文件 A 有幾行基因:

A、B、C、D、E
P、Q、R
G、D、V、KL
、Q、X、I、U、G 等。

一次取得每一行,如何獲得以下類型的輸出:

對於第一行:

A、B、C
B、C、D
C、D、E

對於第二行:

P、Q、R

對於第三行:

G、D、V
D、V、K

本質上,我想要的是從每一行中找到基因的「三聯體」。第一個三聯體將具有前三個基因。第二個三聯體將具有第二、第三、第四基因。最後一個三聯體將以行中的最後一個基因結束。
手動實現這一目標將是一項艱鉅的任務。由於我尚未掌握 Linux、Perl 或 Python 腳本,因此無法為此編寫腳本,因此我將不勝感激來自該社群的幫助!

答案1

使用awk

function wprint() {
    print w[1], w[2], w[3];
}

function wshift(e) {
    w[1] = w[2]; w[2] = w[3]; w[3] = e;
}

BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }

{
    wshift($1);
    wshift($2);
    wshift($3);
    wprint();

    for (i = 4; i <= NF; ++i) {
        wshift($i);
        wprint();
    }
}

然後:

$ awk -f script data.in
A,B,C
B,C,D
C,D,E
P,Q,R
G,D,V
D,V,K
L,Q,X
Q,X,I
X,I,U
I,U,G

腳本awk使用三元素移動視窗w.對於每個輸入行,它使用前三個欄位填充視窗的三個元素,並將它們列印為逗號分隔的清單(後跟換行符)。然後,它迭代該行上的剩餘字段,將它們移入視窗並列印每個元素的視窗。

如果輸入資料中的任何行包含少於兩個字段,您將獲得類似的結果

A,,

或者

A,B,

在輸出中。

如果您確定每個輸入行至少有三個欄位(或如果您想忽略任何沒有的行),那麼您可以awk稍微縮短腳本:

function wprint() {
    print w[1], w[2], w[3];
}

function wshift(e) {
    w[1] = w[2]; w[2] = w[3]; w[3] = e;
}

BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }

{
    for (i = 1; i <= NF; ++i) {
        wshift($i);
        if (i >= 3) {
            wprint();
        }
    }
}

具有可變視窗大小的腳本第一個變體的概括:

function wprint(i) {
    for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        printf("%s%s", w[i], OFS);
    }
    print w[n]
}

function wshift(e,i) {
    for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        w[i] = w[i + 1];
    }
    w[n] = e;
}

BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }

{
    for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        wshift($i);
    }
    wprint();

    for (i = n + 1; i <= NF; ++i) {
        wshift($i);
        wprint();
    }
}

使用它:

$ awk -v n=4 -f script data.in
A,B,C,D
B,C,D,E
P,Q,R,
G,D,V,K
L,Q,X,I
Q,X,I,U
X,I,U,G

答案2

perl

perl -F, -le 'BEGIN { $, = "," } while(@F >= 3) { print @F[0..2]; shift @F }' file

awk

awk -F, -v OFS=, 'NF>=3 { for(i=1; i<=NF-2; i++) print $i, $(i+1), $(i+2) }' file

答案3

使用 Perl,我們可以將其解決為:

perl -lne '/(?:([^,]+)(?=((?:,[^,]+){2}))(?{ print $1,$2 }))*$/' yourfile
perl -F, -lne '$,=","; print shift @F, @F[0..1] while @F >= 3' 
perl -F, -lne '$,=","; print splice @F, 0, 3, @F[1,2] while @F >= 3'

可以寫成如下的擴展形式:

perl -lne '
   m/
      (?:                       # set up a do-while loop
         ([^,]+)                # first field which shall be deleted after printing
         (?=((?:,[^,]+){2}))    # lookahead and remember the next 2 fields
         (?{ print $1,$2 })     # print the first field + next 2 fields
      )*                        # loop back for more
      $                         # till we hit the end of line
   /x;
' yourfile

透過 sed,我們可以使用它的各種指令來做到這一點:

sed -e '
   /,$/!s/$/,/     # add a dummy comma at the EOL

   s/,/\n&/3;ta    # while there still are 3 elements in the line jump to label "a"
   d               # else quit processing this line any further

   :a              # main action
   P               # print the leading portion, i.e., that which is left of the first newline in the pattern space
   s/\n//          # take away the marker

   s/,/\n/;tb      # get ready to delete the first field
   :b

   D               # delete the first field, and apply the sed code all over from the beginning to what remains in the pattern space
' yourfile

DC 也可以這樣做:

sed -e 's/[^,]*/[&]/g;y/,/ /' gene_data.in |
dc -e '
[q]sq                            # macro for quitting
[SM z0<a]sa                      # macro to store stack -> register "M"
[LMd SS zlk>b c]sb               # macro to put register "M" -> register "S"
[LS zlk>c]sc                     # macro to put register "S" -> stack
[n44an dn44an rdn10anr z3!>d]sd  # macro to print 1st three stack elements
[zsk lax lbx lcx ldx c]se        # macro that initializes & calls all other macros
[?z3>q lex z0=?]s?               # while loop to read in file line by line and run macro "e" on each line
l?x                              # main()
'

結果

A,B,C
B,C,D
C,D,E
D,E,F
E,F,G
P,Q,R
G,D,V
D,V,K
L,Q,X
Q,X,I
X,I,U
I,U,G

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