我在 USB 隨身碟上全新安裝了 Ubuntu 12.04，使用 64 位元 PC (i386) 桌面映像製作。我所說的「新鮮」是指我所做的就是刪除 casper-rw 檔案並將其替換為一個大分割區以增加持久性。
（注意：我已經知道在 14.04 或 15.04 上不會出現這些問題；但是，我需要使用僅在 12.04 上支援的工具，因此不能選擇升級。）
apt-get 更新給出以下警告，但由於它們是警告而不是錯誤，所以我沒有檢查它們。它們不是我的問題的主題，除非它們是問題的一部分，但提供它們是為了防止它們很重要。系統的自我報告解決方案（運行 apt-get update）顯然是錯誤的，因為這就是產生錯誤的原因。
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Reading package lists... Done
W: Duplicate sources.list entry cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140807.1)/ precise/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/Ubuntu%2012.04.5%20LTS%20%5fPrecise%20Pangolin%5f%20-%20Release%20amd64%20(20140807.1)_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages)
W: Duplicate sources.list entry cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140807.1)/ precise/restricted i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/Ubuntu%2012.04.5%20LTS%20%5fPrecise%20Pangolin%5f%20-%20Release%20amd64%20(20140807.1)_dists_precise_restricted_binary-i386_Packages)
W: Duplicate sources.list entry cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140807.1)/ trusty/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/Ubuntu%2012.04.5%20LTS%20%5fPrecise%20Pangolin%5f%20-%20Release%20amd64%20(20140807.1)_dists_trusty_main_binary-i386_Packages)
W: Duplicate sources.list entry cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140807.1)/ trusty/restricted i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/Ubuntu%2012.04.5%20LTS%20%5fPrecise%20Pangolin%5f%20-%20Release%20amd64%20(20140807.1)_dists_trusty_restricted_binary-i386_Packages)
W: Duplicate sources.list entry cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140807.1)/ vivid/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/Ubuntu%2012.04.5%20LTS%20%5fPrecise%20Pangolin%5f%20-%20Release%20amd64%20(20140807.1)_dists_vivid_main_binary-i386_Packages)
W: Duplicate sources.list entry cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140807.1)/ vivid/restricted i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/Ubuntu%2012.04.5%20LTS%20%5fPrecise%20Pangolin%5f%20-%20Release%20amd64%20(20140807.1)_dists_vivid_restricted_binary-i386_Packages)
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
更令人不安的，也是真正的問題是apt-get dist-upgrade退出並出現實際錯誤。完整的輸出第二呼叫（即，僅有問題的部分）是：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
6 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Setting up linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic (3.13.0-55.94~precise1) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
initrd.img(/boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-55-generic ) points to /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-55-generic (/boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-55-generic) -- doing nothing at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic.postinst line 491.
vmlinuz(/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic ) points to /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic (/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic) -- doing nothing at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic.postinst line 491.
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.13.0-55-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-55-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-55-generic
cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of overlayfs
cryptsetup: WARNING: could not determine root device from /etc/fstab
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.13.0-55-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.13.0-55-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-55-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-55-generic
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for / (is /dev mounted?).
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic.postinst line 1025.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-lts-trusty: linux-image-generic-lts-trusty depends on linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic-lts-trusty (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-lts-trusty: linux-generic-lts-trusty depends on linux-image-generic-lts-trusty; however: Package linux-image-generic-lts-trusty is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-generic-lts-trusty (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-3.13.0-55-generic: linux-signed-image-3.13.0-55-generic depends on linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic (= 3.13.0-55.94~precise1); however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-signed-image-3.13.0-55-generic (--configure):
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-generic-lts-trusty: linux-signed-image-generic-lts-trusty depends on linux-signed-image-3.13.0-55-generic; however: Package linux-signed-image-3.13.0-55-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-signed-image-generic-lts-trusty (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-generic-lts-trusty: linux-signed-generic-lts-trusty depends on linux-signed-image-generic-lts-trusty; however: Package linux-signed-image-generic-lts-trusty is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-signed-generic-lts-trusty (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic
linux-image-generic-lts-trusty
linux-generic-lts-trusty
linux-signed-image-3.13.0-55-generic
linux-signed-image-generic-lts-trusty
linux-signed-generic-lts-trusty
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
當在新系統上升級出現這種程度的錯誤時，我不知道該怎麼辦；我什至不確定其中大部分是什麼。
（編輯：我上面引用的工具是 Nvidia Nsight Eclipse，用於以我的筆記型電腦作為主機和 Nvidia Jetson 開發板作為目標交叉編譯程式碼的特定目的。我的理解是僅支援 Ubuntu 12.04。）
答案1
從Nvidia 官方網站:最新版本的 NVIDIA Nsight Eclipse Edition 支援 CUDA C/C++，並由 MAC 和 Linux 平台支援。只需安裝 CUDA 工具包並在命令列上執行“nsight”。
檢查一下：
apt-cache policy nvidia-cuda-toolkit
列出了包含的軟體包這裡如你所見，其中之一nvidia-nsight：NVIDIA Nsight Eclipse 版並且它為當前所有受支援的 Ubuntu 發行版進行維護。
nvidia-cuda-toolkit若要在終端運作中安裝：
sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
CUDA 6.5 Toolkit for Ubuntu14.04 x86 64位元（支援TK1交叉開發）可以從這裡下載http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/6_5/rel/installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu1404-6-5-prod_6.5-19_amd64.deb