我從預設儲存庫安裝了 boost 庫 1.58，並從來源安裝了舊版本。現在我想去掉boost 1.58。
首先，我做的是刪除該libboost-all-dev軟體包，但仍然安裝了四個軟體包，其中兩個是我單獨刪除的，還有兩個我無法刪除。這兩個包是：libboost-system1.58.0和libboost-filesystem1.58.0。每當我這樣做時，sudo apt-get --purge remove libboost-system1.58.0都會出現未滿足的依賴關係錯誤，這與 相關qt，我不知道為什麼它與此有關。
錯誤輸出如下圖所示：
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
liboxideqt-qmlplugin : Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
liboxideqtcore0 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.4.0) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
liboxideqtquick0 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.2.0) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.2.0) but it is not going to be installed
libqmenumodel0 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
libqt5multimedia5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.2.0) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.2.0) but it is not going to be installed
libqt5multimediaquick-p5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.4.0) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
libqt5x11extras5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
libubuntugestures5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
libubuntutoolkit5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
qml-module-io-thp-pyotherside : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
qml-module-qtquick-layouts : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.5.0) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.5.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.2.0) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.2.0) but it is not going to be installed
qml-module-ubuntu-layouts : Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
qml-module-ubuntu-performancemetrics : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quick5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed or
libqt5quick5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
我的第一個問題是，為什麼這個包libboost-system1.58.0有什麼關係qt？我在ubuntu軟體包頁面查找，這些qt軟體包既不依賴libboost-system1.58.0也不libboost-system1.58.0依賴這些qt軟體包。
我的第二個問題是，這個包libboost-system1.58.0真的相關嗎？我記得我安裝了 boost apt-get install libboost-all-dev，但顯然libboost-system1.58.0不在依賴列表中libboost-all-dev。那麼這個包從哪裡來呢？
第三個問題可能與這個問題無關，但是qt packages當我檢查它們時，我查看了它們，我發現它們都有不同版本的重複包，例如：
liboxideqtcore0/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 1.21.5-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
liboxideqtcore0/xenial 1.13.6-0ubuntu1 amd64
那麼這與我這裡的問題有關嗎？
我已經添加了輸出apt-cache policy libboost-filesystem1.58.0 liboxideqt-qmlplugin：
libboost-filesystem1.58.0:
Installed: 1.58.0+dfsg-5ubuntu3.1
Candidate: 1.58.0+dfsg-5ubuntu3.1
Version table:
*** 1.58.0+dfsg-5ubuntu3.1 500
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
1.58.0+dfsg-5ubuntu3 500
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
liboxideqt-qmlplugin:
Installed: 1.21.5-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
Candidate: 1.21.5-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
Version table:
*** 1.21.5-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 500
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
1.13.6-0ubuntu1 500
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
答案1
TL；博士。這個問題的簡短回答 - 這是依賴性問題。所以你不能刪除這個包。
分析
libboost-filesystem1.58.0較長的變體是評估分析以確定安裝的原因、哪些軟體包依賴它以及我們是否可以安全地刪除它。
為什麼安裝libboost-filesystem1.58.0以及libboost-system1.58.0安裝的原因
回答第一個問題（為什麼）問題我們可以使用 Aptitude 及其why指令。
在我乾淨、完全更新的 Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS 上，我得到以下輸出
$ aptitude why libboost-filesystem1.58.0 i libmircommon5 Depends libboost-filesystem1.58.0
後者libmircommon5是因為 LightDM 而安裝的：
$ aptitude why libmircommon5 i lightdm Recommends unity-greeter | lightdm-greeter | lightdm-kde-greeter
系統庫——
$ aptitude why libboost-system1.58.0 i libmirclient9 Depends libboost-system1.58.0
在預設 Unity 的 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 上情況更糟：
$ aptitude why libboost-filesystem1.58.0 i ubuntu-desktop Depends update-notifier i A update-notifier Depends libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.0.0) i A libgtk-3-0 Depends libmirclient9 (>= 0.21.0+16.04.20160330) i A libmirclient9 Depends libmircommon7 (>= 0.26.3+16.04.20170605) i A libmircommon7 Depends libboost-filesystem1.58.0
依賴哪些套件libboost-filesystem1.58.0
回答第二個（哪些依賴項）我們可以使用rdependofapt-cache來取得反向依賴項清單（這意味著libboost-filesystem1.58.0安裝的原因）
$ apt-cache rdepends libboost-filesystem1.58.0 libboost-filesystem1.58.0 Reverse Depends: mir-utils mir-test-tools libboost-log1.58.0 libboost-filesystem1.58-dev juju-mongodb3.2 libmircommon7 vcmi openmw-launcher openmw-cs openmw ycmd witty-examples wesnoth-1.12-server wesnoth-1.12-core undertaker uhd-host ubuntu-location-service-tests ubuntu-location-service-bin tomahawk tmfs thumbnailer-service synfig supercollider-supernova supercollider-language sslsniff ssh-agent-filter springlobby spring sitplus sfftobmp rviz rsbackup rlvm python3-woo python-yade python-woo python-ledger python-fife pulseview progressivemauve pokerth-server pokerth plee-the-bear performous-tools performous pcl-tools orthanc openscad-testing openscad ncmpcpp murasaki-mpi murasaki mupen64plus-video-glide64mk2 mtp-server mrs mongodb-server mongodb-clients mkvtoolnix-gui mkvtoolnix mira-assembler mir-test-tools mia-tools lightspark-common libzeep3.0v5 libyade libwt38 libvolk1-bin liburdf0d libunity-scopes1.0 libunity-scopes-cli libuhd003 libtrust-store2 libthumbnailer-qt1.0 libsdformat4 librviz0d librospack0d libroscpp0d librosbag0d librime1 libqpidcommon2 libpwiz3 libpwiz-tools libpion-plugins libpion-net-plugins libpion-net-dev libpion-dev libpion-common-4.0 libpion-5.0 libpcl-visualization1.7 libpcl-outofcore1.7 libpcl-io1.7 libpam-barada libosl1v5 libopenimageio1.6 libodil0 libnodeletlib0d libmia-2.2-4 libmems-1.6-1v5 libmapnik3.0 liblucene++0v5 libimage-transport0d libgnuradio-wavelet3.7.9 libgnuradio-runtime3.7.9 libgnuradio-fft3.7.9 libgnuradio-fec3.7.9 libgazebo7 libflightcrew0v5 libcollada-urdf0d libcollada-dom2.4-dp0 libcnoid1 libcamera-calibration-parsers0d libboost-log1.58.0 libboost-filesystem1.58-dev libasl0 libaqsis1 lgogdownloader ledger laserboy kcollectd juju-mongodb3.2 juju-mongodb2.6 juju-mongodb innoextract image-transport-tools hugin-tools hhvm gpsshogi gource gnss-sdr gdf-tools gazebo7-plugin-base gazebo7 freeorion freelan esys-particle enfuse enblend dchroot-dsa dchroot dbus-cpp-bin darkradiant-plugins-darkmod darkradiant colobot ckon choreonoid-plugins-base cclive btag bombono-dvd blender bear-factory aqsis aegisub 0ad libdbus-cpp5 schroot libmircommon5 $ apt-cache rdepends libboost-system1.58.0 libboost-system1.58.0 Reverse Depends: mir-utils mir-test-tools mir-demos libboost-wave1.58.0 libboost-system1.58-dev libboost-log1.58.0 libboost-locale1.58.0 libboost-chrono1.58.0 juju-mongodb3.2 ceph-test ceph-mds rbd-nbd rbd-mirror rbd-fuse radosgw mir-platform-graphics-mesa-x12 mir-platform-graphics-mesa-kms12 librgw2 librbd1 libradosstriper1 librados2 librados-dev libmirserver43 libmirplatform15 libmircommon7 libmirclient9 libcephfs1 libcephfs-jni libboost-thread1.58.0 libboost-random1.58.0 libboost-filesystem1.58.0 ceph-fuse ceph-common ceph vcmi openmw-launcher openmw-cs openmw frogatto ycmd witty-examples wesnoth-1.12-server wesnoth-1.12-core voxbo vera++ vdr-plugin-fritzbox unity-system-compositor undertaker uhd-host ubuntu-location-service-tests ubuntu-location-service-bin tophat tomahawk tmfs thumbnailer-service tf2-tools tf-tools synfig supercollider-supernova supercollider-language sslsniff ssh-agent-filter springlobby spring soundscaperenderer-nox soundscaperenderer solarpowerlog snapper sitplus sinfo sfftobmp sdrangelove rviz rsbackup rlvm qutecom qbittorrent-nox qbittorrent python3-woo python3-libtorrent-dbg python3-libtorrent python-yade python-woo python-tf2 python-tf python-rosbag python-rdkit python-libtorrent-dbg python-libtorrent python-libavg python-ledger python-fife pulseview progressivemauve prepair povray pokerth-server pokerth poedit pluginlib-dev plee-the-bear performous-tools performous pcl-tools osm2pgsql orthanc openscad-testing openscad openimageio-tools ogre-1.9-tools ncmpcpp murasaki-mpi murasaki mupen64plus-video-glide64mk2 mtp-server mrs mpikmeans-tools mongodb-server mongodb-clients molds mkvtoolnix-gui mkvtoolnix mira-assembler mir-test-tools mir-platform-graphics-mesa-x8 mir-platform-graphics-mesa-kms8 mia-viewit mia-tools media-hub lightspark-common libzeep3.0v5 libyade libwttest8 libwthttp38 libwtfcgi38 libwtext38 libwtdbo38 libwt38 libvolk1-bin liburdf0d libunity-scopes1.0 libunity-scopes-cli libuhd003 libubuntu-location-service3 libubuntu-download-manager-client1 libtrust-store2 libtorrent-rasterbar8 libtomahawk libthumbnailer-qt1.0 libtf2-ros0d libtf2-0d libtf0d libsnapper2v5 libsfcgal1 libsdformat4 librviz0d librostime0d librospack0d libroslib0d libroscpp0d librosconsole0d librosbag0d librime1 librime-bin librdkit1 librandom-numbers0d libpwiz3 libpwiz-tools libpion-plugins libpion-net-plugins libpion-net-dev libpion-net-4.0 libpion-dev libpion-common-4.0 libpion-5.0 libphonenumber7 libpcl-visualization1.7 libpcl-outofcore1.7 libpcl-io1.7 libpcl-common1.7 libpcl-apps1.7 libpam-barada libosl1v5 liborigin2-1v5 libopenvdb3.1 libopenvdb-tools libopenimageio1.6 libopencv-apps0d libompl10 libogre-1.9.0v5 libodil0 libnodeletlib0d libnodeletlib-tools libnet-cpp2 libmygui.ogreplatform0debian1v5 libmia-2.2-4 libmems-1.6-1v5 libmapnik3.0 liblucene++0v5 liblucene++-contrib0v5 liblaser-geometry0d libkolabxml1v5 libinteractive-markers0d libimage-transport0d libicinga2 libgnuradio-zeromq3.7.9 libgnuradio-wxgui3.7.9 libgnuradio-wavelet3.7.9 libgnuradio-vocoder3.7.9 libgnuradio-video-sdl3.7.9 libgnuradio-uhd3.7.9 libgnuradio-trellis3.7.9 libgnuradio-runtime3.7.9 libgnuradio-rds3.7.0 libgnuradio-qtgui3.7.9 libgnuradio-pmt3.7.9 libgnuradio-pager3.7.9 libgnuradio-osmosdr0.1.4 libgnuradio-noaa3.7.9 libgnuradio-iqbalance0 libgnuradio-hpsdr0 libgnuradio-fosphor3.7.0 libgnuradio-filter3.7.9 libgnuradio-fft3.7.9 libgnuradio-fec3.7.9 libgnuradio-fcdproplus0 libgnuradio-fcd3.7.9 libgnuradio-dtv3.7.9 libgnuradio-digital3.7.9 libgnuradio-comedi3.7.9 libgnuradio-channels3.7.9 libgnuradio-blocks3.7.9 libgnuradio-audio3.7.9 libgnuradio-atsc3.7.9 libgnuradio-analog3.7.9 libgazebo7 libflightcrew0v5 libfield3d1.6 libfcl0 libeiskaltdcpp2.2 libdynamic-reconfigure-config-init-mutex0d libdavix0v5 libcpprest2.8 libcppnetlib0 libcollada-urdf0d libcollada-parser0d libcollada-dom2.4-dp0 libcnoid1 libclass-loader0d libcgal-ipelets libcegui-mk2-0.8.4 libcamera-info-manager0d libcamera-calibration-parsers0d libboost-wave1.58.0 libboost-system1.58-dev libboost-log1.58.0 libboost-locale1.58.0 libboost-chrono1.58.0 libbondcpp0d libasl0 libaqsis1 libair-modes0v5 libadolc2 libactionlib0d lgogdownloader ledger laserboy krita kicad kcollectd juju-mongodb3.2 juju-mongodb2.6 juju-mongodb innoextract image-transport-tools icinga2-studio icinga2-ido-pgsql icinga2-ido-mysql icinga2-bin hugin-tools hhvm guitarix gr-rds gr-osmosdr gr-iqbal gr-hpsdr gr-fosphor gr-fcdproplus gr-air-modes gqrx-sdr gpsshogi gource gnuradio gnss-sdr glob2 gdf-tools gazebo7-plugin-base gazebo7 funguloids freeorion freelan freecad flamerobin field3d-bin esys-particle enfuse enblend eiskaltdcpp-qt-mini eiskaltdcpp-qt eiskaltdcpp-gtk3 eiskaltdcpp-gtk eiskaltdcpp-daemon dssp dchroot-dsa dchroot dbus-cpp-bin darkradiant-plugins-darkmod darkradiant colobot ckon choreonoid-plugins-base ceph-test ceph-mds cclive btfs btag bombono-dvd blender bear-factory autodock-vina aqsis anytun amule-utils-gui amule-utils amule-daemon amule aegisub ceph schroot rbd-nbd rbd-mirror rbd-fuse radosgw librgw2 librbd1 libradosstriper1 librados2 librados-dev liborcus-0.10-0v5 libmirserver38 libmirplatform11 libmircommon5 libmirclient9 libixion-0.10-0v5 libdbus-cpp5 libcephfs1 libcephfs-jni libboost-thread1.58.0 libboost-random1.58.0 libboost-filesystem1.58.0 ceph-fuse ceph-common
我可以刪除libboost-filesystem1.58.0並像以前一樣使用系統嗎？
那可以去掉嗎？讓我們用 MATE 在系統上執行它的移除模擬：
$ apt-get remove --simulate libboost-filesystem1.58.0 NOTE: This is only a simulation! apt-get needs root privileges for real execution. Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated, so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation! Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: freepats libcapnp-0.5.3 libde265-0 libfluidsynth1 libgtkglext1 libmimic0 libmircore1 libmjpegutils-2.1-0 libmms0 libmpeg2encpp-2.1-0 libmplex2-2.1-0 libofa0 libopenal-data libopenal1 libopencv-calib3d2.4v5 libopencv-contrib2.4v5 libopencv-features2d2.4v5 libopencv-flann2.4v5 libopencv-highgui2.4v5 libopencv-legacy2.4v5 libopencv-ml2.4v5 libopencv-objdetect2.4v5 libopencv-video2.4v5 libsoundtouch1 libspandsp2 libsrtp0 libvo-aacenc0 libvo-amrwbenc0 libwebpdemux1 libwildmidi-config libwildmidi1 libxfont2 libzbar0 Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: a11y-profile-manager-indicator account-plugin-facebook account-plugin-flickr account-plugin-google adwaita-icon-theme apport-gtk apturl atril bamfdaemon blueman brasero brasero-cdrkit caja cheese compiz compiz-gnome compiz-mate dconf-editor deja-dup deja-dup-backend-cloudfiles deja-dup-backend-gvfs deja-dup-backend-s3 deja-dup-caja firefox folder-color-caja galculator gcr gdebi gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-vte-2.91 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gnome-disk-utility gnome-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-keyring gnome-orca gnome-session-canberra gnome-system-tools gstreamer1.0-clutter-3.0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-faad gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-videoparsers gucharmap gufw gvfs-backends humanity-icon-theme indicator-application indicator-application-gtk2 language-selector-gnome libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth libaccount-plugin-google libappindicator3-1 libatrilview3 libboost-filesystem1.58.0 libbrasero-media3-1 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcheese-gtk25 libcheese8 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-gst-3.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-pango20 libcogl-path20 libcogl20 libegl1-mesa libgcr-ui-3-1 libgnome-desktop-3-12 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgucharmap-2-90-7 libido3-0.1-0 libindicator3-7 libkeybinder-3.0-0 libmetacity-private3a libmirclient9 libmircommon5 libmircommon7 libnautilus-extension1a libnm-gtk0 libnma0 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-1.0-0-python3loader libplank1 libqt5gui5 libqt5libqgtk2 libqt5widgets5 libqt5x11extras5 libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer librhythmbox-core9 libtopmenu-client-gtk3-0 libtopmenu-server-gtk3-0 libunity-control-center1 libvte-2.91-0 libwayland-egl1-mesa libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwnck-3-0 libyelp0 lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings marco mate-applet-topmenu mate-applets mate-control-center mate-desktop mate-desktop-environment-core mate-dock-applet mate-gnome-main-menu-applet mate-indicator-applet mate-panel mate-screensaver mate-session-manager mate-tweak mate-user-guide network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp-gnome onboard onboard-data pinentry-gnome3 plank python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets rhythmbox rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugins seahorse sessioninstaller shotwell simple-scan software-properties-gtk synapse system-config-printer-gnome thunderbird thunderbird-locale-en thunderbird-locale-en-us tilda topmenu-gtk3 transmission-gtk ubuntu-mate-artwork ubuntu-mate-default-settings ubuntu-mate-icon-themes ubuntu-mate-lightdm-theme ubuntu-mate-themes ubuntu-mate-welcome ubuntu-mono ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk unity-asset-pool update-manager update-notifier usb-creator-gtk vlc xdg-user-dirs-gtk xorg xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-evdev-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-16.04 xul-ext-lightning yelp zenity 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 181 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
以上意味著如果刪除該libboost-filesystem1.58.0軟體包，我們將失去桌面環境和整個X11系統。
基於 Unity 的系統的模擬以您的問題中的錯誤結束。
答案2
問題可能出在 apt 來源清單中，請參閱下列步驟：https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-2/latest/doc/02-installation/02-Ubuntu/
apt-get update
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https wget gnupg
wget -O - https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key | apt-key add -
. /etc/os-release; if [ ! -z ${UBUNTU_CODENAME+x} ]; then DIST="${UBUNTU_CODENAME}"; else DIST="$(lsb_release -c| awk '{print $2}')"; fi; \
echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST} main" > \
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list
echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST} main" >> \
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list