我安裝我的希捷 FreeAgent Pro透過 USB 將外部硬碟連接到我的 Fedora 盒子。我用它作為我的備份存儲。最近，它給我帶來了一些問題。我嘗試聯繫 Seagate，他們建議我透過以下方式診斷問題座椅工具。當然，Linux 上沒有 Seatools，所以我必須將硬碟連接到我的 Windows 機器上，才能讓它順利通過：
智慧檢查: 測試無法進行。假設這是因為我透過 USB 連接驅動器。
長驅自檢：透過
長通用測試：透過
因此，在我再次聯繫希捷（我的硬碟在保固期內）之前，我想看看是否有人對如何解決此問題有一些建議。提交供您分析，一些看似相關的系統日誌訊息的細分。
首先，從我的 fstab 中：
/dev/sdb /mnt/extdrive ext3 auto,defaults 1 2
安裝後的系統日誌：
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=3022
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=9
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: Product: FreeAgent Pro
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Seagate
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: SerialNumber: OBFUSCATED
19:47:25 kernel: scsi3 : usb-storage 1-1:1.0
19:47:26 kernel: scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate FreeAgent Pro 400A PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
19:47:26 kernel: sdb: sdb1
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
19:47:26 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): using internal journal
19:47:26 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode
它可以正常工作幾個小時。然後，我得到：
05:01:10 kernel: usb 1-1: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 2a bc 19 7b d5 10 00 00 08 88
05:01:11 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 393991440
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: Aborting journal on device sdb.
然後是幾條訊息，指出“拒絕對關閉裝置的 I/O”，然後是有關某種 I/O 操作的 EXT3-fs 錯誤。例子：
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): error in ext3_reserve_inode_write: Journal has aborted
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): error in ext3_dirty_inode: Journal has aborted
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): empty_dir: error -5 reading directory #24609027 offset 0
之後我得到的痕跡如下：
05:01:11 kernel: ------------[ cut here ]------------
05:01:11 kernel: WARNING: at fs/buffer.c:1159 mark_buffer_dirty+0x28/0x7e()
05:01:11 kernel: Hardware name: CM-iAM/SBC-FITPC2i
05:01:11 kernel: Modules linked in: coretemp sunrpc cpufreq_ondemand acpi_cpufreq ipv6 xt_multiport iptable_mangle ipt_MASQUERADE ipt_LOG xt_recent iptable_nat nf_nat pegasus i2c_isch sch_gpio i2c_core microcode lpc_sch serio_raw mfd_core r8169 mii ata_generic pata_acpi usb_storage pata_sch video output [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan]
05:01:11 kernel: Pid: 22721, comm: rm Not tainted 2.6.34.7-56.fc13.i686.PAE #1
05:01:11 kernel: Call Trace:
05:01:11 kernel: [<c043f32a>] warn_slowpath_common+0x6a/0x81
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04f5f50>] ? mark_buffer_dirty+0x28/0x7e
05:01:11 kernel: [<c043f353>] warn_slowpath_null+0x12/0x15
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04f5f50>] mark_buffer_dirty+0x28/0x7e
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a6d8>] ext3_commit_super.clone.0+0x47/0x53
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a75d>] ext3_handle_error+0x79/0x9d
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a7dc>] __ext3_std_error+0x5b/0x76
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a82d>] __ext3_journal_stop+0x36/0x3d
05:01:11 kernel: [<c0523c20>] ext3_dirty_inode+0x64/0x6c
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04f1076>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x28/0xf8
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e9690>] touch_atime+0xcb/0xeb
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e5a1e>] vfs_readdir+0x7b/0x94
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e572c>] ? filldir64+0x0/0xd0
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e5a9f>] sys_getdents64+0x68/0xaa
05:01:11 kernel: [<c0408c9f>] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28
05:01:11 kernel: ---[ end trace 7d73d2e1814cadc7 ]---
最後，收到一堆通知我更多 I/O 拒絕的訊息：
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
很多時候，上述訊息單獨出現。其他時候，它會與提供索引節點號碼和區塊號碼的 EXT3-fs 錯誤結合在一起。例子：
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24904304, block=49807381
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24904304, block=49807381
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24986702, block=49971236
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24986702, block=49971236
因此，我重新啟動驅動器並運行 fsck。結果如下：
# fsck -f -y /dev/sdb
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
e2fsck 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
/extdrive: recovering journal
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/extdrive: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/extdrive: 632570/39075840 files (1.6% non-contiguous), 59419817/78142806 blocks
現在驅動器安裝得很好，我可以編寫備份，就好像什麼都沒發生過一樣。幾個小時後，它又開始出現錯誤。
一如既往，我非常感謝我的 SU'ers 同胞。
答案1
這可能是 SATA/USB 橋接器的問題。我會嘗試用 eSata 或 FireWire 插入 HDD 來檢查這一點。
答案2
您的驅動器可能會進入睡眠狀態。您可以用來hdparm控制驅動器的電源管理設定。
答案3
我見過驅動器的行為有點像這樣 - 類似性質的錯誤，訪問速度非常慢，但沒有 SMART 錯誤。幾週後，SMART 錯誤開始出現。如果不是橋，那麼你的驅動器就被戳了。