使用egrep,如何列印姓氏以K
or開頭的所有行k
?
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Lesley Kirstin:408-456-1234:4 Harvard Square, Boston, MA 02133:4/22/62:52600
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Lesley kirstin:408-456-1234:4 Harvard Square, Boston, MA 02133:4/22/62:52600
William Kopf:846-836-2837:6937 Ware Road, Milton, PA 93756:9/21/46:43500
Arthur Putie:923-835-8745:23 Wimp Lane, Kensington, DL 38758:8/31/69:126000
答案1
第一次嘗試是
grep '^[^ ]* *[Kk]'
但這假設總是只有一個名字並且沒有首字母縮寫。
在此範例中,您可以使用該-i
選項並將其替換[Kk]
為k
抓住第一個冒號可能會更好
grep -i ' k[^:]*:'
如果您確實只想列印姓氏,而不是整行,則應考慮使用 awk (或 perl)
更新:這是第一個 grep 表達式'^[^ ]* *[Kk]'
的建構方式
' apostrophe delimits a parameter that contains spaces
and other so-called meta-characters that the shell might alter
^ caret means start of line
[ brackets mark a set of characters, any one of which is to be matched
^ inside brackets means negation or 'none of the following'
so `[^ ]` means "not a space"
] is the end of the set.
* means 0,1 or more of the prior character
so `[^ ]*` means any contiguous group of characters that does not
contain a space
then we have two spaces
* means 0,1 or more of the prior character
so space space * means 1 nor more spaces.
[Kk] means `K` or `k`
[^:]* means 0,1 or more characters that are not a colon
: followed by a colon
答案2
perl -aF/:/ -ne 'print if $F[0] =~ /\s[Kk]\S+$/'
- 使用
-aF/:/
,整行被分成以冒號分隔的欄位; $F[0]
是第零個欄位並包含名稱;/\s[Kk]\S+$/
匹配空格 (\s
),後面接著K
或k
,後面跟著任意數量的非空格字元 (\S+
),直到欄位末端 ($
)。