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如何解決Firefox 38版本以來出現的「安全連線失敗」問題？

tag-icon • tag-icon firefox ssl https ubuntu-14.04 tls
如何解決Firefox 38版本以來出現的「安全連線失敗」問題？

自從我將 Firefox 升級到版本 38 後，我在網站上發送特定表單時遇到問題https://usercenter.checkpoint.com/大多數網站都可以正常運作，但在開啟支援票證（下面日誌中的 URL）期間傳送表單會導致 Firefox 無法進行 TLS 協商。 Firefox 的錯誤頁面幾乎沒有任何解釋：

安全連線失敗

載入頁面時重置了與伺服器的連線。

  • 由於無法驗證接收到的資料的真實性，因此無法顯示您嘗試查看的頁面。
  • 請聯絡網站所有者以告知他們此問題。

報告此錯誤

報告 usercenter.checkpoint.com 的地址和證書資訊將幫助我們識別和封鎖惡意網站。感謝您幫助創建一個更安全的網路！

以後自動回報錯誤 了解更多…

在裡面網路開發者控制台我只看到這個：

19:58:44.470 This site makes use of a SHA-1 Certificate; it's recommended you use certificates with signature algorithms that use hash functions stronger than SHA-1.1 AjaxCall
19:58:44.589 POST https://usercenter.checkpoint.com/usercenter/portal/js_pane/supportId,CreateServiceRequestId [178ms]

第一行只是警告，將來將不再支援 SHA-1。我是否必須打開某些東西才能查看 TLS 失敗的原因？控制台中的 TLS 和憑證資訊如下：

TLS 和憑證資訊

我看不出有什麼問題。出於絕望，我嘗試使用 TLS 參數about:config沒有成功：

security.tls.insecure_fallback_hosts
security.tls.unrestricted_rc4_fallback
security.tls.version.fallback-limit
security.tls.version.max
security.tls.version.min

Qualy SSL 測試沒有顯示任何完全錯誤的內容：https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=usercenter.checkpoint.com

紅帽知識庫中有一篇很有前途的文章：Firefox 38 和 TLS 版本不相容的 SSL/TLS 伺服器但該解決方案僅適用於付費客戶。

我也查過Firefox 38 的網站相容性。

問題

  • 如何排除 TLS 失敗的原因是什麼？
  • 在 Firefox 中，是否還有其他使用者可設定的白名單，我可以在其中嘗試新增失敗網站的位址？
  • 發送某個表單後才出現，而控制台顯示POST請求usercenter.checkpoint.com與上次成功通訊的主機相同，可能是什麼原因？

答案1

如何解決Firefox 38版本以來出現的「安全連線失敗」問題？

使用openssl s_client。這是一把瑞士軍刀，適合做這樣的事。並用於openssl x509轉儲證書。

您通常對{Issuer, Subject}鏈中的對感興趣，如下所示：

Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
 1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
 2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority

請注意伺服器上的頒發者如何成為下一個更高層級憑證的主體。古特曼在他的書中提供了下圖來描述它工程安全:

在此輸入影像描述

在頂部，CA根是自簽名的，問題和主題是相同的。如果有3級的話，那就是：

 3 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority

但你通常不會在鏈中看到它，因為你必須信任它。信任錨的部分要求是您已經擁有它以確保其不會被篡改。

使用主題和發行者名稱就是利用所謂的傑出的名字。形成鏈的另一種方法是KEYIDs。有時你會透過以下方式看到它主題密鑰標識符（滑雪）和授權密鑰標識符（阿基）。密鑰標識符只是摘要公鑰的指紋。

您可以找到閱讀傑出的名字在像這樣的標準RFC 4514;並使用金鑰ID在像這樣的標準RFC 4518，它涉及路徑構建。

看來問題出在瀏覽器（但見下文）。看起來好像缺少Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority指紋a1 db 63 93 91 6f 17 e4 18 55 09 40 04 15 c7 02 40 b0 ae 6b。

當我訪問時賽門鐵克根證書並下載3 級公共主要認證機構，我可以建立一條驗證路徑（請注意Verify return code: 0 (ok)下面的內容）。

您應該下載並安裝Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority在瀏覽器的受信任根儲存中。或確定為什麼瀏覽器不使用它來建立路徑（請參閱下文）。

Class 3 Public Primary Certification AuthorityMozilla 和 Firefox在部落格文章中討論：逐步淘汰具有 1024 位元 RSA 金鑰的證書。根據該帖子，他們自Firefox 32 起就已棄用該CA 憑證。到30 年（字面上）。

Checkpoint 需要取得在具有當代參數的證書（鏈）下頒發的新伺服器證書，例如具有 4096 位元 RSA 模數和 SHA-256 的 CA。或具有 2048 位元 RSA 模數和 SHA-256 的從屬 CA...

（另請參閱下面對我不起作用的內容）。

這是驗證伺服器憑證的範例3 級公共主要認證機構使用 OpenSSL 的s_client：

$ openssl s_client -connect usercenter.checkpoint.com:443 -tls1 \
    -servername usercenter.checkpoint.com -CAfile Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority.pem 
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=3 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
verify return:1
depth=2 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = "(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN = VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = San Carlos, O = Check Point Software Technologies Inc., OU = MIS-US, CN = usercenter.checkpoint.com
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
 1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
 2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 4310 bytes and written 600 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES128-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1
    Cipher    : AES128-SHA
    Session-ID: 141BB5DD85FA61CC85E5C8368DED9EB9C7C6427D7F655F8DD778EEB003F9EBE7
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 84261799D242992FE44D48F39F1A10CFCE5BE60E1A900CC3E6BFFD368DAB68A439287C81DC9510871963EF8E3366FFE3
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1432323605
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)

之前我說過“在頂部，CA根是自簽名的，問題和主題是相同的”。這是自簽名 CA 根的轉儲，其中主題和頒發者相同。它還顯示了 1024 位元模數和 sha1WithRSAEncryption。

$ openssl x509 -in Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority.pem -inform PEM -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 1 (0x0)
        Serial Number:
            3c:91:31:cb:1f:f6:d0:1b:0e:9a:b8:d0:44:bf:12:be
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
        Validity
            Not Before: Jan 29 00:00:00 1996 GMT
            Not After : Aug  2 23:59:59 2028 GMT
        Subject: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (1024 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:c9:5c:59:9e:f2:1b:8a:01:14:b4:10:df:04:40:
                    db:e3:57:af:6a:45:40:8f:84:0c:0b:d1:33:d9:d9:
                    11:cf:ee:02:58:1f:25:f7:2a:a8:44:05:aa:ec:03:
                    1f:78:7f:9e:93:b9:9a:00:aa:23:7d:d6:ac:85:a2:
                    63:45:c7:72:27:cc:f4:4c:c6:75:71:d2:39:ef:4f:
                    42:f0:75:df:0a:90:c6:8e:20:6f:98:0f:f8:ac:23:
                    5f:70:29:36:a4:c9:86:e7:b1:9a:20:cb:53:a5:85:
                    e7:3d:be:7d:9a:fe:24:45:33:dc:76:15:ed:0f:a2:
                    71:64:4c:65:2e:81:68:45:a7
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
         10:72:52:a9:05:14:19:32:08:41:f0:c5:6b:0a:cc:7e:0f:21:
         19:cd:e4:67:dc:5f:a9:1b:e6:ca:e8:73:9d:22:d8:98:6e:73:
         03:61:91:c5:7c:b0:45:40:6e:44:9d:8d:b0:b1:96:74:61:2d:
         0d:a9:45:d2:a4:92:2a:d6:9a:75:97:6e:3f:53:fd:45:99:60:
         1d:a8:2b:4c:f9:5e:a7:09:d8:75:30:d7:d2:65:60:3d:67:d6:
         48:55:75:69:3f:91:f5:48:0b:47:69:22:69:82:96:be:c9:c8:
         38:86:4a:7a:2c:73:19:48:69:4e:6b:7c:65:bf:0f:fc:70:ce:
         88:90

之前我說過「Checkpoint 需要取得在具有當代參數的證書（鏈）下頒發的新伺服器證書，例如具有 4096 位元 RSA 模數和 SHA-256 的 CA。或具有 2048 位元 RSA 模數和 SHA-256 的從屬 CA … 」。

這是什麼沒有對我來說：在更強的從屬 CA 中建立或錨定信任VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5，而不是在較弱的 1024 位根 CA 中。

編輯：這是由於 OpenSSL 1.0.2a 及更低版本中的錯誤造成的。它已在 OpenSSL 1.0.2b 中修復。看當鏈中的下屬升級為自簽名根時，驗證的預期行為？

$ openssl s_client -connect usercenter.checkpoint.com:443 -tls1 \
    -servername usercenter.checkpoint.com -CAfile VeriSign-Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority-G5.pem 
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=2 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = "(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
 1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
 2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 4310 bytes and written 600 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES128-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1
    Cipher    : AES128-SHA
    Session-ID: 736B3105DB22F2AB0F5D42C8161A8A132BF1E7C37464BB2F0D00058B867332EB
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: BDD5D4951E3FD01C3C456D475EAE6D0D5CE53FBF75B4F6F3D4D186A27B566D75056057D5395F35AE3BA8D20A669212C2
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1432324811
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
---

實際問題是賽門鐵克重新頒發具有相同名稱和相同公鑰的證書，因此專有名稱,主題密鑰標識符和授權密鑰標識符 沒有改變;但僅改變序號。

由於鏈中發送的證書與從賽門鐵克網站下載的證書之間的序號不同，我能夠在下面發現它。然後很明顯，重新頒發的憑證已從從屬 CA 變更為根 CA。

您可以-showcerts與 OpenSSL 一起使用s_client來查看鏈中的憑證：

$ openssl s_client -connect usercenter.checkpoint.com:443 -tls1 \
    -servername usercenter.checkpoint.com -showcerts
CONNECTED(00000003)
...
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
   i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
---
...

接下來我通常要做的是將鏈中的 PEM 編碼證書複製到剪貼板，然後用於pbpaste粘貼到終端中並將其通過管道傳輸到 OpenSSL 的x509.例如，以下是VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5作為鏈的一部分而發送的等級 2：

$ pbpaste | openssl x509 -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            25:0c:e8:e0:30:61:2e:9f:2b:89:f7:05:4d:7c:f8:fd
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
    ...

答案2

透過在網址列中輸入 about:config，然後選擇「我會小心，我保證！」即可解決此問題。按鈕。此時雙擊 security.tls.insecure_fallback_hosts 選項，然後新增您嘗試存取的位址。

我必須從我的地址中刪除“https：\”（放置兩個反斜杠，超級用戶刪除我的第二個反斜杠）才能使其正常工作，但您的結果可能會有所不同，因此也許兩者都嘗試一下。

從 Firefox 版本 43.0.1 開始，這是準確的。

答案3

（來自其他答案）在這種情況下，賽門鐵克需要修復其損壞的根證書頁面或在選擇 VeriSign 3 類公共主要證書頒發機構 - G5 時提供正確的證書以供下載。

如果你看看VeriSign 3 級公共主要憑證授權單位 - G5在鏈中提供openssl s_client ... -showcerts和VeriSign 3 級公共主要憑證授權單位 - G5可供下載，您會看到它們是不同的憑證。因此 Verisign 重新頒發了具有相同專有名稱和主題公鑰的憑證。

鍊式版本VeriSign 3 級公共主要憑證授權單位 - G5具有以下序號，且不是自簽名（注意主題和發行人不同）：

$ pbpaste | openssl x509 -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            25:0c:e8:e0:30:61:2e:9f:2b:89:f7:05:4d:7c:f8:fd
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov  8 00:00:00 2006 GMT
            Not After : Nov  7 23:59:59 2021 GMT
        Subject: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
...

下載的版本來自賽門鐵克根證書的VeriSign 3 級公共主要憑證授權單位 - G5 具有以下序號，且是自簽名（注意主題和發行人相同）：

$ openssl x509 -in VeriSign-Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority-G5.pem -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            18:da:d1:9e:26:7d:e8:bb:4a:21:58:cd:cc:6b:3b:4a
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov  8 00:00:00 2006 GMT
            Not After : Jul 16 23:59:59 2036 GMT
        Subject: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
...

這裡其實只有一個修復方法。

檢查點應該停止傳送舊版 VeriSign 3 級公共主要憑證授權單位 - G5鏈條中的下屬。

這是因為在實踐中，那些驗證路徑和選擇證書的人會感到困惑，因為舊G5證書和新G5證書太相似了。它們太相似了，因為它們使用相同的東西專有名稱和一樣主題密鑰標識符/授權密鑰標識符。

理論上，你可以提取舊G5證書從伺服器發送的鏈中取出並將其放入 Mozilla 信任儲存中。但我強烈懷疑它會讓試圖建立路徑的用戶代理感到困惑，因為唯一改變的是序號。

要理解這種混亂，請查看RFC 4158以及如何選擇證書。一種方法是{Distinguished Name, Serial Number}元組。但正在驗證的證書才不是包括發行人的序號。它只包括專有名稱和授權密鑰標識符。

第 3.5.12 節符合密鑰識別碼 (KID) 確實指定：

如果目前憑證在 AKID 中表示頒發者名稱和序號，則與這兩個識別碼相符的憑證具有最高優先權。

但這不是必需的，而且賽門鐵克提供的軟體中也缺少它。要直接查看它，請轉儲鏈中發送的 1 級中間體。它的名字叫VeriSign 3 級安全伺服器 CA - G3。注意它有一個授權密鑰標識符， 但不是序號:

$ pbpaste | openssl x509 -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            6e:cc:7a:a5:a7:03:20:09:b8:ce:bc:f4:e9:52:d4:91
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
        Validity
            Not Before: Feb  8 00:00:00 2010 GMT
            Not After : Feb  7 23:59:59 2020 GMT
        Subject: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=VeriSign Trust Network, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:b1:87:84:1f:c2:0c:45:f5:bc:ab:25:97:a7:ad:
                    a2:3e:9c:ba:f6:c1:39:b8:8b:ca:c2:ac:56:c6:e5:
                    bb:65:8e:44:4f:4d:ce:6f:ed:09:4a:d4:af:4e:10:
                    9c:68:8b:2e:95:7b:89:9b:13:ca:e2:34:34:c1:f3:
                    5b:f3:49:7b:62:83:48:81:74:d1:88:78:6c:02:53:
                    f9:bc:7f:43:26:57:58:33:83:3b:33:0a:17:b0:d0:
                    4e:91:24:ad:86:7d:64:12:dc:74:4a:34:a1:1d:0a:
                    ea:96:1d:0b:15:fc:a3:4b:3b:ce:63:88:d0:f8:2d:
                    0c:94:86:10:ca:b6:9a:3d:ca:eb:37:9c:00:48:35:
                    86:29:50:78:e8:45:63:cd:19:41:4f:f5:95:ec:7b:
                    98:d4:c4:71:b3:50:be:28:b3:8f:a0:b9:53:9c:f5:
                    ca:2c:23:a9:fd:14:06:e8:18:b4:9a:e8:3c:6e:81:
                    fd:e4:cd:35:36:b3:51:d3:69:ec:12:ba:56:6e:6f:
                    9b:57:c5:8b:14:e7:0e:c7:9c:ed:4a:54:6a:c9:4d:
                    c5:bf:11:b1:ae:1c:67:81:cb:44:55:33:99:7f:24:
                    9b:3f:53:45:7f:86:1a:f3:3c:fa:6d:7f:81:f5:b8:
                    4a:d3:f5:85:37:1c:b5:a6:d0:09:e4:18:7b:38:4e:
                    fa:0f
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            Authority Information Access: 
                OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.verisign.com

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
            X509v3 Certificate Policies: 
                Policy: 2.16.840.1.113733.1.7.23.3
                  CPS: https://www.verisign.com/cps
                  User Notice:
                    Explicit Text: https://www.verisign.com/rpa

            X509v3 CRL Distribution Points: 

                Full Name:
                  URI:http://crl.verisign.com/pca3-g5.crl

            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
            1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12: 
                0_.].[0Y0W0U..image/gif0!0.0...+..............k...j.H.,{..0%.#http://logo.verisign.com/vslogo.gif
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
                DirName:/CN=VeriSignMPKI-2-6
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                0D:44:5C:16:53:44:C1:82:7E:1D:20:AB:25:F4:01:63:D8:BE:79:A5
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:7F:D3:65:A7:C2:DD:EC:BB:F0:30:09:F3:43:39:FA:02:AF:33:31:33

    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
         0c:83:24:ef:dd:c3:0c:d9:58:9c:fe:36:b6:eb:8a:80:4b:d1:
         a3:f7:9d:f3:cc:53:ef:82:9e:a3:a1:e6:97:c1:58:9d:75:6c:
         e0:1d:1b:4c:fa:d1:c1:2d:05:c0:ea:6e:b2:22:70:55:d9:20:
         33:40:33:07:c2:65:83:fa:8f:43:37:9b:ea:0e:9a:6c:70:ee:
         f6:9c:80:3b:d9:37:f4:7a:6d:ec:d0:18:7d:49:4a:ca:99:c7:
         19:28:a2:be:d8:77:24:f7:85:26:86:6d:87:05:40:41:67:d1:
         27:3a:ed:dc:48:1d:22:cd:0b:0b:8b:bc:f4:b1:7b:fd:b4:99:
         a8:e9:76:2a:e1:1a:2d:87:6e:74:d3:88:dd:1e:22:c6:df:16:
         b6:2b:82:14:0a:94:5c:f2:50:ec:af:ce:ff:62:37:0d:ad:65:
         d3:06:41:53:ed:02:14:c8:b5:58:28:a1:ac:e0:5b:ec:b3:7f:
         95:4a:fb:03:c8:ad:26:db:e6:66:78:12:4a:d9:9f:42:fb:e1:
         98:e6:42:83:9b:8f:8f:67:24:e8:61:19:b5:dd:cd:b5:0b:26:
         05:8e:c3:6e:c4:c8:75:b8:46:cf:e2:18:06:5e:a9:ae:a8:81:
         9a:47:16:de:0c:28:6c:25:27:b9:de:b7:84:58:c6:1f:38:1e:
         a4:c4:cb:66

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