我剛剛遇到這個問題及其出色的答案（「如何查看 PCIe 卡使用了多少通道？」）。我只是查看lspci -vvGTX 1050ti 顯示卡的輸出，我不完全確定我的解釋是否正確。我期望的是，該卡以 PCIe 3.0 的速度使用 x16 PCIe 3.0 插槽的所有 16 個通道。卡和主機板都可以應該（據稱）支持它。在效能（CUDA）方面，我關注的東西要少得多，即我試圖找到瓶頸。輸出的（希望）相關部分lspci -vv：
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
[...]
Capabilities: [78] Express (v2) Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
DevCap: MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s unlimited, L1 <64us
ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset-
DevCtl: Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop-
MaxPayload 256 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
DevSta: CorrErr- UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <16us
ClockPM+ Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
LnkCtl: ASPM L0s L1 Enabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk+
ExtSynch- ClockPM+ AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Range AB, TimeoutDis+, LTR+, OBFF Via message
DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis-, LTR+, OBFF Disabled
LnkCtl2: Target Link Speed: 5GT/s, EnterCompliance- SpeedDis-
Transmit Margin: Normal Operating Range, EnterModifiedCompliance- ComplianceSOS-
Compliance De-emphasis: -6dB
LnkSta2: Current De-emphasis Level: -3.5dB, EqualizationComplete-, EqualizationPhase1-
EqualizationPhase2-, EqualizationPhase3-, LinkEqualizationRequest-
[...]
這些部分LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x16 [...]和LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16[...]短語Express (v2) Legacy Endpoint使該連接看起來好像是在所有 16 個通道上以 PCIe 2.0 速度運行的連接，因為一些元件僅支援 PCIe-2.0...我的這個假設正確嗎？我必須如何（否則）解釋此輸出？
編輯： 就其價值而言，這是一個支援 PCIe-2 且以 PCIe-1 速度運行的連線。
答案1
請給 VGA 一些圖形負載並lspci -vv同時執行。
對我來說，看起來相當現代的 VGA 進入省電模式，切換到情人頻寬，LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16因為LnkCtl: ASPM L0s L1 Enabled.
您仍然可以檢查BIOS設置中的PCIE插槽產生設置，也可以嘗試更改插槽。
例如，您可以看到具有降級連結的 PCIe Gen 3 VGA 的工作狀態：
05:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK208B [GeForce GT 710] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
...
Capabilities: [78] Express (v2) Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
DevCap: MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s unlimited, L1 <64us
ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset-
DevCtl: CorrErr- NonFatalErr- FatalErr- UnsupReq-
RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+
MaxPayload 256 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
DevSta: CorrErr- NonFatalErr- FatalErr- UnsupReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
LnkCap: Port #2, Speed 8GT/s, Width x8, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
ClockPM+ Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
LnkCtl: ASPM Disabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk+
ExtSynch- ClockPM- AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s (downgraded), Width x4 (downgraded)
TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Range AB, TimeoutDis+, NROPrPrP-, LTR-
10BitTagComp-, 10BitTagReq-, OBFF Not Supported, ExtFmt-, EETLPPrefix-
EmergencyPowerReduction Not Supported, EmergencyPowerReductionInit-
FRS-
AtomicOpsCap: 32bit- 64bit- 128bitCAS-
DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis-, LTR-, OBFF Disabled
AtomicOpsCtl: ReqEn-
LnkCtl2: Target Link Speed: 8GT/s, EnterCompliance- SpeedDis-
Transmit Margin: Normal Operating Range, EnterModifiedCompliance- ComplianceSOS-
Compliance De-emphasis: -6dB
LnkSta2: Current De-emphasis Level: -3.5dB, EqualizationComplete+, EqualizationPhase1+
EqualizationPhase2+, EqualizationPhase3+, LinkEqualizationRequest-
...
Status: InProgress-