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當內容不同時在兩個 XML 檔案中尋找不同的標籤

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當內容不同時在兩個 XML 檔案中尋找不同的標籤

我有時會翻譯一些 Android 應用程式：開發人員會向我發送一個 XML 文件，例如

<string name="foo">Foo</string>
<string name="baz">Baz</string>

我給他發回一個 XML 文件，其中每個元素的內容都已被翻譯，例如

<string name="foo">Translated foo</string>
<string name="baz">Translated baz</string>

當開發人員添加一些新的文字元素並向我發送一個要翻譯的新文件時，就會出現問題，例如

<string name="foo">Foo</string>
<string name="bar">Bar</string>
<string name="baz">Baz</string>

問題：我怎麼才能將其與我之前僅查找具有新屬性的標籤的翻譯文件進行比較，或者更好的是，是否有一種簡單的方法合併這兩個文件，可能在要翻譯的新行的開頭添加一個標記？

鑑於前面的範例，這意味著產生一個類似的文件

<string name="foo">Translated foo</string>
<!-- new --><string name="bar">Bar</string>
<string name="baz">Translated baz</string>

答案1

由於我沒有找到任何預先存在的解決方案，我決定自己編寫一個小型 Python 腳本，到目前為止它似乎可以完成這項工作：

"""Usage: merge_strings.py [-m <mrk>] [-o <file> [-i]] <old_xml> <new_xml>

Substitutes the content of any 'string' tag from <new_xml> with the
content of a 'string' tag from <old_xml> with the same 'name' attribute,
if present, otherwise prepends it with <mrk>.
By default the result is printed to stdout.

Note: This program assumes that no two 'string' tags in the same file
have the same 'name' attribute. Furthermore, 'string' tags with names
unique to <old_xml> are ignored.

Options:
    -h --help                 Show this screen.
    -m <mrk> --marker <mrk>   Marker for new strings [default: ***new***].
    -o <file>                 Print to <file> instead.
    -i --interactive          Check before overwriting <file>.
"""

from os.path import isfile
from sys import exit

from docopt import docopt
import lxml.etree as etree


def merge_strings(old, new, marker):
    """
    Merge in place synonymous strings from 'old' into 'new'.
    Ignores strings unique to 'old' and prepends strings unique to
    'new' with 'marker'.
    """
    for s in new.iterfind('//string'):
        name = s.attrib['name']
        t = old.find("//string[@name='" + name + "']")

        if t is not None:
            s.text = t.text
        else:
            s.text = marker + s.text

def check_overwrite(path):
    """
    Check if we want to overwrite 'path' and exit if not.
    Defaults to no.
    """
    print("About to overwrite:", path)
    choice = input("Continue? [y/N]")

    if choice.lower() != 'y':
        exit(0)

def print_to_file(tree, path, interactive=False):
    if interactive and isfile(path):
        check_overwrite(path)

    with open(path, mode='wb') as f:
        tree.write(f, pretty_print=True,
                      encoding='utf-8',
                      xml_declaration=True)

def print_to_stdout(tree):
    print(etree.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True,
                               encoding='utf-8',
                               xml_declaration=True).decode('utf-8'))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = docopt(__doc__)

    old_tree = etree.parse(args['<old_xml>'])
    new_tree = etree.parse(args['<new_xml>'])

    merge_strings(old_tree, new_tree, args['--marker'])

    if args['-o']:
        print_to_file(new_tree, args['-o'], args['--interactive'])
    else:
        print_to_stdout(new_tree)

這是強制性的範例輸出：

$cat tests/old.xml 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
  <string name="foo">Translated foo</string>
  <string name="baz">Translated baz</string>
</resources>

$cat tests/new.xml 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
  <string name="foo">Foo</string>
  <string name="bar">Bar</string>
  <string name="baz">Baz</string>
</resources>

$python merge_strings.py old.xml new.xml                                                   
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<resources>
  <string name="foo">Translated foo</string>
  <string name="bar">***new***Bar</string>
  <string name="baz">Translated baz</string>
</resources>

評論：我對 Python 比較陌生，對 XML 也完全陌生，因此任何有關如何改進上述程式碼的評論將不勝感激。

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