SSH-Key 驗證失敗

SSH-Key 驗證失敗

我正在嘗試 ssh 進入我無法控制的 CentOS 伺服器。

.ssh 中的配置:

tim@tim-UX31A:~$ cat ~/.ssh/config
User root
PasswordAuthentication no
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

我的金鑰檔案的權限:

tim@tim-UX31A:~$ ls -l ~/.ssh/id_rsa*
-rw------- 1 tim tim 3326 Okt 20 17:28 /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 tim tim  746 Okt 20 17:28 /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

我無法理解的連線日誌:

tim@tim-UX31A:~$ ssh -vvv [email protected]
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1, OpenSSL 1.0.2g  1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/tim/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "10.0.12.28" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to 10.0.12.28 [10.0.12.28] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.6.1
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.6.1 pat OpenSSH_6.6.1* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to 10.0.12.28:22 as 'root'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 10.0.12.28
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug2: ciphers ctos: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: 
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 10.0.12.28
debug1: Host '10.0.12.28' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa (0x55ee619ab2b0), explicit, agent
debug2: key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa (0x55ee619bcfa0), agent
debug2: key: tim@Tim-UX31A-Debian (0x55ee619b9370), agent
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex
debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex
debug1: No valid Key exchange context
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic
debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available

debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available

debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information


debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available

debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Offering RSA public key: tim@Tim-UX31A-Debian
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).

答案1

這通常可以解決大多數 SSH 授權金鑰權限問題在伺服器端,假設有人沒有對權限進行其他更改。

# paste these into an SSH session that server (probably from
# another user account or root)

# change this to YOUR username on the server.
YOURUSER=example

# paste these lines verbatim:
sudo chown $YOURUSER:$YOURUSER /home/$YOURUSER/{.,.ssh/,.ssh/authorized_keys}
sudo chmod u+rwX,go-rwX,-t /home/$YOURUSER/{.ssh/,.ssh/authorized_keys}
sudo chmod go-w /home/$YOURUSER/

(這是什麼使用者化根據團隊 Web 儀表板中的變更自動在其「shim」腳本中更新和修復任何權限問題。

如果您的管理員以 root 身分建立了 .ssh/ 目錄或 .ssh/authorized_keys 檔案(這是最常見的損壞方式),則不允許該檔案由其他使用者擁有,即使該使用者是

答案2

我在兩台伺服器上遇到了完全相同的問題:運行 Debian Stretch 的 Linux 和 NAS (Synology DS715)

事實證明,這兩種情況都是伺服器上的主目錄權限錯誤

伺服器上的 auth.log 非常有幫助

Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /home/cyril

在Linux上,它有寫/組位(drwxrwxr--x),所以我必須至少刪除組上的寫(chmod gw ~/)然後它就起作用了

在 Synology 上,無論出於何種原因,都有一個棘手的問題

drwx--x--x+ 4 toto users 4096 Jan 6 12:11 /var/services/homes/toto

我不得不改變它

chmod -t ~/

然後我就可以在沒有密碼的情況下連接

答案3

當使用 CentOS 7 時,我相信也適用於使用 sshd 的其他 Linux 作業系統。透過 root 存取權限,您可以進一步確定身份驗證失敗的原因。去做這個:

  1. 為守護程式啟用sshd日誌記錄:sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  2. 在日誌記錄下取消註解:
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
  1. 更改LogLevelINFODEBUG
  2. 儲存並退出
  3. 重新啟動 SSH 守護程式sudo systemctl restart sshd
  4. 觀看訊息文件tail -l /var/log/messages
  5. 使用另一個終端,嘗試透過 ssh 連接
  6. 嘗試連接ssh
  7. 查看身份驗證日誌以了解確切原因

例如,我遇到了一些與上面提到的相同的問題。

Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys

使用這些步驟,我能夠確認問題是文件的權限authorized_keys。透過chmod 644authorized_keys我的用戶的文件進行設置,問題得到解決。

答案4

我有過類似的問題,其中 ssh 連線~/.ssh/id_rsa在意外停止之前嘗試密鑰:

debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password

就我而言,這是由於.ssh目錄中存在舊的公鑰檔案:

[gitlab-runner@validation-k8s-1 ~]$ ll .ssh/id_rsa*
total 16
-rw------- 1 gitlab-runner gitlab-runner 1675 Sep 18 18:02 id_rsa      --> new private key
-rw-r--r--. 1 gitlab-runner gitlab-runner  423 Jun 12 13:51 id_rsa.pub --> old public key

id_rsa.pub從目錄中移動/刪除.ssh解決了問題。

據我了解:當客戶端存在公鑰時,SSH 首先會根據它驗證私鑰。如果失敗,它不會嘗試使用私鑰進行遠端連線。

我向 openssh 郵件清單發送了一封電子郵件:https://lists.mindrot.org/pipermail/openssh-unix-dev/2016-April/035048.html

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