問題：
這兩個包裹我都收了held back for weeks now，一直丟不掉
The following packages have been kept back:
odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
看這裡：
[10:53:34][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
[10:53:44][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt-get upgrade --with-new-pkgs
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
[10:53:53][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
[10:55:08][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt install odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
amarok-common amarok-utils apper apper-data avogadro-data cdparanoia cdrdao clamz debconf-kde-data debconf-kde-helper dvd+rw-tools espeak-ng-data festival festival-freebsoft-utils festlex-cmu festlex-poslex festvox-kallpc16k
gnome-orca gnugo growisofs icoutils k3b-data kalzium-data kate-data kde-baseapps-data kde-runtime-data kdegames-card-data kdegames-mahjongg-data ktorrent-data ktouch-data kwrite libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libatk-adaptor
libavogadro1 libdebconf-kde1 libdiscid0 libdmtx0a libdotconf0 libespeak-ng1 libestools2.4 libgadu3 libgpgme++2v5 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgpod4-nogtk libjs-mootools libkactivities6 libkcalcore4 libkcmutils4 libkcompactdisc4
libkdeclarative5 libkdesu5 libkdnssd4 libkexiv2-11 libkexiv2-data libkidletime4 libkimap4 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4 libkldap4 libkmime4 libkntlm4 libkonq5-templates libkpty4 libkresources4 libkrosscore4 libksane0 libkunitconversion4
liblastfm1 liblimba0 libloudmouth1-0 libmariadbd18 libmeanwhile1 libmediastreamer-base3 libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libmygpo-qt1 libntrack-qt4-1 libntrack0 libopenbabel4v5 libortp9 libotr5 libpcaudio0 libperl4-corelibs-perl libphonon4
libpolkit-qt-1-1 libpoppler-qt4-4 libprison0 libqaccessibilityclient0 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqca2-plugins libqimageblitz4 libqjson0 libqmobipocket1 libqrencode3 libqtassistantclient4 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui
libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libqtwebkit4 libsgutils2-2 libsolid4 libsonic0 libspeechd2 libtag-extras1 libthreadweaver4 ntrack-module-libnl-0 oxygen-icon-theme palapeli-data phonon
phonon-backend-gstreamer phonon-backend-gstreamer-common polkit-kde-1 python-attr python-avogadro python-click python-colorama python-constantly python-incremental python-openssl python-pam python-pyasn1-modules python-qt4
python-qt4-sql python-serial python-service-identity python-sip python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-zope.interface python3-brlapi python3-louis python3-pyatspi python3-speechd qhull-bin qtdeclarative4-kqtquickcharts-1
sound-icons sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher speech-dispatcher-audio-plugins speech-dispatcher-espeak-ng speech-dispatcher-festival vcdimager xbrlapi
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
amarok dolphin4 jovie juk k3b k3b-i18n kaccessible kajongg kalzium katepart kcachegrind kchmviewer kde-baseapps kde-baseapps-bin kde-config-cddb kde-full kde-games-core-declarative kde-plasma-desktop kde-runtime kde-standard
kdeaccessibility kdeadmin kdeedu kdegames kdegraphics kdegraphics-mobipocket kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-plugins kdemultimedia kdenetwork kdepasswd kdepimlibs-kio-plugins kdesdk kdesdk-kio-plugins kdesdk-misc kdesudo kdeutils kdewebdev
kdoctools kfilereplace kfind kget kgoldrunner kgpg kigo kimagemapeditor kio-audiocd kio-mtp klinkstatus kmag kmousetool kmouth kmtrace kolf kommander konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konquest kopete kpart-webkit kpartloader
kppp kremotecontrol kreversi ksaneplugin kscd ksirk ksnakeduel kspaceduel ksudoku ktorrent ktouch kubrick kuiviewer kuser libakonadi-contact4 libakonadi-kde4 libakonadi-kmime4 libiodbc2 libk3b6 libk3b6-extracodecs libkabc4
libkatepartinterfaces4 libkcddb4 libkde3support4 libkdegames6abi1 libkdegamesprivate1abi1 libkdewebkit5 libkemoticons4 libkfile4 libkhtml5 libkio5 libkmediaplayer4 libknewstuff2-4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkonq-common
libkonq5abi1 libkonqsidebarplugin4a libkopete4 libkparts4 libkpimidentities4 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkprintutils4 libkrossui4 libktexteditor4 libktorrent-l10n libktorrent5 libkxmlrpcclient4 libmailtransport4 libnepomuk4
libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libokularcore7 libplasma3 libreoffice-kde libsoprano4 libsyndication4 lskat okular palapeli plasma-scriptengine-javascript python-kde4 soprano-daemon svgpart sweeper task-kde-desktop
The following packages will be upgraded:
odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 129 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 147 kB of archives.
After this operation, 231 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]n
我嘗試過的：
根據一篇文章debian-administration.org,
If the dependencies have changed on one of the packages you have installed so that a new package must be installed to perform the upgrade then that will be listed as "kept-back".
謹慎解決方案1：
每巴勃羅的回答，您可以運行sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade，它將安裝保留的軟體包。
這樣做的好處是不會將保留的軟體包標記為“手動安裝”，這可能會迫使更多的用戶幹預（請參閱評論）。
如果巴勃羅的解決方案適合您，請投票。如果沒有，請評論哪裡出了問題。
謹慎解決方案2：
謹慎的解決方案是運行sudo apt-get install <list of packages kept back>。在大多數情況下，這將為保留的軟體包提供成功升級所需的資訊。
積極的解決方案：
更積極的解決方案是運行sudo apt-get dist-upgrade，這將強制安裝這些新的依賴項。
但dist-upgrade可能非常危險。與升級不同它可能會刪除軟體包以解決複雜的依賴情況。與您不同的是，APT 並不總是足夠聰明，無法知道這些新增和刪除是否會造成嚴重破壞。
因此，如果您發現自己處於「謹慎的解決方案」不起作用的地方，dist-upgrade可能會起作用...但您最好多了解一點 APT 並透過安裝和刪除「手動」解決依賴性問題包根據具體情況而定。
可以把它想像成修理汽車……如果您有時間並且可以方便地使用扳手，那麼您可以通過閱讀並自己修理來獲得一些安心。如果你覺得幸運的話，你可以把你的車交給你的表弟dist-upgrade，希望她知道她的事情。
我也嘗試過：
[11:06:55][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
Resolving dependencies...
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
問題：
如何解決這個問題並擺脫這個惱人的警告？
apt policy odbcinst odbcinst1debian2節目
odbcinst:
Installed: 2.3.4-1
Candidate: 2.3.7
Version table:
2.3.7 500
500 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/9/prod stretch/main amd64 Packages
*** 2.3.4-1 500
500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
odbcinst1debian2:
Installed: 2.3.4-1
Candidate: 2.3.7
Version table:
2.3.7 500
500 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/9/prod stretch/main amd64 Packages
*** 2.3.4-1 500
500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
答案1
您已經新增了 Microsoft 儲存庫，其中包含較新版本的軟體包odbcinst，並且這些儲存庫與 KDE 衝突（它們「破壞」libiodc2，這是 KDE 需要的）透過 soprano-daemon和libsoprano4）。
所以你需要選擇：要嘛保留 KDE，要嘛升級到新的odbcinst軟體包；你不能兩者兼得。
要擺脫“警告”，您可以將 Microsoft 儲存庫固定為嚴格小於 100 的優先級，如下所示：
nano /etc/apt/preferences.d/proxmox
並插入：
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.microsoft.com
Pin-Priority: 70