下面，我展示了我的 OpenLDAP 配置。這是在全新 Debian Stretch 安裝上的全新 OpenLDAP 安裝。
我無法使用 ldapscripts。無論我做什麼，我都會收到下面文字末尾顯示的錯誤。
root@my-host:~# ldapsearch -b 'dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com' -x
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com> with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#
# test.mydomain.com
dn: dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectClass: organization
o: test.mydomain.com
dc: test
# admin, test.mydomain.com
dn: cn=admin,dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com
objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
objectClass: organizationalRole
cn: admin
description: LDAP administrator
# search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success
# numResponses: 3
# numEntries: 2
/etc/ldap/ldap.conf
root@my-host:~# cat /etc/ldap/ldap.conf
#
# LDAP Defaults
#
# See ldap.conf(5) for details
# This file should be world readable but not world writable.
#BASE dc=example,dc=com
#URI ldap://ldap.example.com ldap://ldap-master.example.com:666
BASE dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com
URI ldap://localhost
#SIZELIMIT 12
#TIMELIMIT 15
#DEREF never
# TLS certificates (needed for GnuTLS)
TLS_CACERT /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
/etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.conf
root@my-host:~# cat /etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.conf
# Copyright (C) 2005 Gana▒l LAPLANCHE - Linagora
# Copyright (C) 2006-2016 Gana▒l LAPLANCHE
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
# USA.
# Note for Debian users:
# On Debian system ldapscripts will try to parse and use nslcd config.
# Look on commented variables and description lines started with DEBIAN.
# But you could override it's values here.
# LDAP server
# DEBIAN: value from /etc/nslcd.conf (uri) is used.
SERVER="ldap://localhost"
# Suffixes
# DEBIAN: values from /etc/nslcd.conf (base maps) are used.
SUFFIX="dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com" # Global suffix
GSUFFIX="ou=Groups" # Groups ou (just under $SUFFIX)
USUFFIX="ou=Users" # Users ou (just under $SUFFIX)
MSUFFIX="ou=Machines" # Machines ou (just under $SUFFIX)
# Authentication type
# DEBIAN: value from /etc/nslcd.conf (sasl_mech) is used.
# If empty, use simple authentication
# Else, use the value as an SASL authentication mechanism
SASLAUTH=""
#SASLAUTH="GSSAPI"
# Simple authentication parameters
# The following BIND* parameters are ignored if SASLAUTH is set
BINDDN="cn=admin,dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com"
# The following file contains the raw password of the BINDDN
# Create it with something like : echo -n 'secret' > $BINDPWDFILE
# WARNING !!!! Be careful not to make this file world-readable
BINDPWDFILE="/etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.passwd"
# For older versions of OpenLDAP, it is still possible to use
# unsecure command-line passwords by defining the following option
# AND commenting the previous one (BINDPWDFILE takes precedence)
#BINDPWD="secret"
# Start with these IDs *if no entry found in LDAP*
GIDSTART="10000" # Group ID
UIDSTART="10000" # User ID
MIDSTART="20000" # Machine ID
# Group membership management
# ObjectCLass used for groups
# Possible values : posixGroup, groupOfNames, groupOfUniqueNames (case-sensitive !)
# Warning : when using groupOf*, be sure to be compliant with RFC 2307bis (AUXILIARY posixGroup).
# Also, do not mix posixGroup and groupOf* entries up in you directory as, within RFC 2307bis,
# the former is a subset of the latter. The ldapscripts wouldn't cope well with this configuration.
GCLASS="posixGroup" # Leave "posixGroup" here if not sure !
# When using groupOfNames or groupOfUniqueNames, creating a group requires an initial
# member. Specify it below, you will be able to remove it once groups are populated.
#GDUMMYMEMBER="uid=dummy,$USUFFIX,$SUFFIX"
# User properties
# DEBIAN: values from /etc/adduser.conf are used.
USHELL="/bin/bash"
#UHOMES="/home/%u" # You may use %u for username here
CREATEHOMES="no" # Create home directories and set rights ?
#HOMESKEL="/etc/skel" # Directory where the skeleton files are located. Ignored if undefined or nonexistant.
#HOMEPERMS="755" # Default permissions for home directories
# User passwords generation
# Command-line used to generate a password for added users.
# You may use %u for username here ; special value "<ask>" will ask for a password interactively
# WARNING !!!! This is evaluated, everything specified here will be run !
# WARNING(2) !!!! Some systems (Linux) use a blocking /dev/random (waiting for enough entropy).
# In this case, consider using /dev/urandom instead.
#PASSWORDGEN="cat /dev/random | LC_ALL=C tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c8"
#PASSWORDGEN="pwgen"
#PASSWORDGEN="echo changeme"
#PASSWORDGEN="echo %u"
#PASSWORDGEN="<ask>"
PASSWORDGEN="pwgen"
# User passwords recording
# you can keep trace of generated passwords setting PASSWORDFILE and RECORDPASSWORDS
# (useful when performing a massive creation / net rpc vampire)
# WARNING !!!! DO NOT FORGET TO DELETE THE GENERATED FILE WHEN DONE !
# WARNING !!!! DO NOT FORGET TO TURN OFF RECORDING WHEN DONE !
RECORDPASSWORDS="no"
PASSWORDFILE="/var/log/ldapscripts_passwd.log"
# Where to log : local file and/or syslog
LOGTOFILE="yes"
LOGFILE="/var/log/ldapscripts.log"
LOGTOSYSLOG="no"
SYSLOGFACILITY="local4"
SYSLOGLEVEL="info"
# Temporary folder
#TMPDIR="/tmp"
# Various binaries used within the scripts
# Warning : they also use uuencode, date, grep, sed, cut, which...
# Please check they are installed before using these scripts
# Note that many of them should come with your OS
# OpenLDAP client commands
LDAPSEARCHBIN="/usr/bin/ldapsearch"
LDAPADDBIN="/usr/bin/ldapadd"
LDAPDELETEBIN="/usr/bin/ldapdelete"
LDAPMODIFYBIN="/usr/bin/ldapmodify"
LDAPMODRDNBIN="/usr/bin/ldapmodrdn"
LDAPPASSWDBIN="/usr/bin/ldappasswd"
# OpenLDAP client common additional options
# This allows for adding more configuration options to the OpenLDAP clients, e.g. '-ZZ' to enforce TLS
#LDAPBINOPTS="-ZZ"
# OpenLDAP ldapsearch-specific additional options
# The following option disables long-line wrapping (which makes the scripts bug
# when handling long lines). The option was introduced in OpenLDAP 2.4.24, so
# comment it if you are using OpenLDAP < 2.4.24.
LDAPSEARCHOPTS="-o ldif-wrap=no"
# And here is an example to activate paged results
#LDAPSEARCHOPTS="-E pr=500/noprompt"
# Character set conversion : $ICONVCHAR <-> UTF-8
# Comment ICONVBIN to disable UTF-8 conversion
#ICONVBIN="/usr/bin/iconv"
#ICONVCHAR="ISO-8859-15"
# Base64 decoding
# Comment UUDECODEBIN to disable Base64 decoding
#UUDECODEBIN="/usr/bin/uudecode"
# Getent command to use - choose the ones used
# on your system. Leave blank or comment for auto-guess.
# GNU/Linux
#GETENTPWCMD="getent passwd"
#GETENTGRCMD="getent group"
# FreeBSD
#GETENTPWCMD="pw usershow"
#GETENTGRCMD="pw groupshow"
# Auto
GETENTPWCMD=""
GETENTGRCMD=""
# You can specify custom LDIF templates here
# Leave empty to use default templates
# See *.template.sample for default templates
#GTEMPLATE="/path/to/ldapaddgroup.template"
#UTEMPLATE="/path/to/ldapadduser.template"
#MTEMPLATE="/path/to/ldapaddmachine.template"
GTEMPLATE=""
UTEMPLATE=""
MTEMPLATE=""
/etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.passwd
root@my-host:/etc/ldapscripts# cat ldapscripts.passwd
secret
/etc/nslcd.conf
root@my-host:/etc# cat nslcd.conf
# /etc/nslcd.conf
# nslcd configuration file. See nslcd.conf(5)
# for details.
# The user and group nslcd should run as.
uid nslcd
gid nslcd
# The location at which the LDAP server(s) should be reachable.
uri ldap://localhost
# The search base that will be used for all queries.
base dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com
# The LDAP protocol version to use.
#ldap_version 3
# The DN to bind with for normal lookups.
binddn cn=annonymous,dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com
#bindpw secret
# The DN used for password modifications by root.
rootpwmoddn cn=admin,dc=test,dc=mydomain,dc=com
# SSL options
#ssl off
#tls_reqcert never
tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
# The search scope.
#scope sub
/etc/nscd.conf
root@my-host:/etc# cat /etc/nscd.conf
#
# /etc/nscd.conf
#
# An example Name Service Cache config file. This file is needed by nscd.
#
# Legal entries are:
#
# logfile <file>
# debug-level <level>
# threads <initial #threads to use>
# max-threads <maximum #threads to use>
# server-user <user to run server as instead of root>
# server-user is ignored if nscd is started with -S parameters
# stat-user <user who is allowed to request statistics>
# reload-count unlimited|<number>
# paranoia <yes|no>
# restart-interval <time in seconds>
#
# enable-cache <service> <yes|no>
# positive-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds>
# negative-time-to-live <service> <time in seconds>
# suggested-size <service> <prime number>
# check-files <service> <yes|no>
# persistent <service> <yes|no>
# shared <service> <yes|no>
# max-db-size <service> <number bytes>
# auto-propagate <service> <yes|no>
#
# Currently supported cache names (services): passwd, group, hosts, services
#
# logfile /var/log/nscd.log
# threads 4
# max-threads 32
# server-user nobody
# stat-user somebody
debug-level 0
# reload-count 5
paranoia no
# restart-interval 3600
enable-cache passwd no
positive-time-to-live passwd 600
negative-time-to-live passwd 20
suggested-size passwd 211
check-files passwd yes
persistent passwd yes
shared passwd yes
max-db-size passwd 33554432
auto-propagate passwd yes
enable-cache group no
positive-time-to-live group 3600
negative-time-to-live group 60
suggested-size group 211
check-files group yes
persistent group yes
shared group yes
max-db-size group 33554432
auto-propagate group yes
enable-cache hosts no
positive-time-to-live hosts 3600
negative-time-to-live hosts 20
suggested-size hosts 211
check-files hosts yes
persistent hosts yes
shared hosts yes
max-db-size hosts 33554432
enable-cache services no
positive-time-to-live services 28800
negative-time-to-live services 20
suggested-size services 211
check-files services yes
persistent services yes
shared services yes
max-db-size services 33554432
enable-cache netgroup no
positive-time-to-live netgroup 28800
negative-time-to-live netgroup 20
suggested-size netgroup 211
check-files netgroup yes
persistent netgroup yes
shared netgroup yes
max-db-size netgroup 33554432
最後，由此產生的錯誤......
root@my-host:~# ldapinit -s
Error(s) encountered while creating regular OUs
Error(s) encountered during LDAP initialization
root@my-host:~#
root@my-host:~#
root@my-host:~#
root@my-host:~# ldapinit
Error(s) encountered while creating root DN
Error(s) encountered while creating regular OUs
Error(s) encountered during LDAP initialization
root@my-host:/etc# ldapaddgroup test-user 7000
Error adding group test-user to LDAP
/var/log/ldapscripts.log 確實顯示了有關「無效憑證」的投訴。但是，無論我將實際的 cn=admin 密碼放入 /etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.passwd 還是將「秘密」一詞放入其中，都會發生這種情況。
/var/log/ldapscripts.log
root@my-host:/var/log# cat ldapscripts.log
Feb 06 11:58:07 inf-3 ldapscripts: ldapinit(my-username): /usr/sbin/ldapinit
ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49)
-> Error(s) encountered while creating root DN
ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49)
-> Error(s) encountered while creating regular OUs
-> Error(s) encountered during LDAP initialization
Feb 06 15:03:47 inf-3 ldapscripts: ldapaddgroup(my-username): /usr/sbin/ldapaddgroup test-user 7000
ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49)
-> Error adding group test-user to LDAP
請注意上面日誌輸出中我的使用者名稱 (my-username) 的出現。儘管事實上我在之後運行了所有 OpenLDAP 命令su -l 根。
為了成功使用 ldapscripts，我缺少哪一步？
答案1
有類似的問題，即相同的錯誤：ldap_bind：憑證無效 (49)
解決這個問題的唯一方法是刪除 ldapscripts.passwd 並使用
# echo -n "mypassword" > /etc/ldapscripts/ldapscripts.passwd
（之前我直接用vi輸入密碼編輯檔）。 HTH。