外部硬碟在磁碟管理中顯示未知,未初始化

外部硬碟在磁碟管理中顯示未知,未初始化

我直接從 Windows 系統中刪除了 1 TB 外接硬碟(希捷),現在它不再運作了。我現在嘗試透過 ubuntu 修復它,當我嘗試在磁碟(gnome 實用程式)中檢查它時,它說沒有媒體。

我嘗試透過運行一些可以在幫助論壇中在線找到的命令來收集盡可能多的輸入。

sudo lshw -c 磁碟

*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: JMS579
vendor: JMICRON
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
configuration: ansiversion=6 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512

sudo lshw -類別磁碟類別存儲

*-usb:1
description: Mass storage device
product: USB Mass Storage
vendor: JMicron
physical id: 4
bus info: usb@2:4
logical name: scsi4
version: 1.00
serial: 152D00579000
capabilities: usb-2.10 scsi emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage maxpower=34mA speed=480Mbit/s
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: JMS579
vendor: JMICRON
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
configuration: ansiversion=6 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

ATA device, with non-removable media
Standards:
Likely used: 1
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 0 0
heads 0 0
sectors/track 0 0
--
Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes 
cache/buffer size = unknown
Capabilities:
IORDY not likely
Cannot perform double-word IO
R/W multiple sector transfer: not supported
DMA: not supported
PIO: pio0 
sudo smartctl -a -d scsi /dev/sdb

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor: JMICRON
Product: JMS579
Compliance: SPC-4
Device type: disk
Local Time is: Fri Jun 22 23:07:23 2018 IST
device Test Unit Ready [unsupported scsi opcode]
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.

fdisk -l

Fdisk 不會顯示該磁碟的任何結果。因為它沒有安裝在任何地方。

須藤dmesg

[141307.332889] usb 2-4: USB disconnect, device number 5
[141310.499914] usb 2-4: new high-speed USB device number 7 using xhci_hcd
[141310.628540] usb 2-4: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0579
[141310.628544] usb 2-4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[141310.628547] usb 2-4: Product: USB Mass Storage
[141310.628549] usb 2-4: Manufacturer: JMicron
[141310.628551] usb 2-4: SerialNumber: 152D00579000
[141310.629107] usb-storage 2-4:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[141310.629201] scsi host4: usb-storage 2-4:1.0
[141311.628514] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JMICRON  JMS579                PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[141311.629170] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[141311.629942] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unit Not Ready
[141311.629953] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] 
[141311.629960] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code
[141311.632053] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Read Capacity(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[141311.632064] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] 
[141311.632072] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code
[141311.632253] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[141311.632261] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00
[141311.632435] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Asking for cache data failed
[141311.632441] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[141311.635917] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unit Not Ready
[141311.635927] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] 
[141311.635935] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code
[141311.639186] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Read Capacity(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[141311.639197] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] 
[141311.639205] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Invalid command operation code
[141311.639534] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[141594.937486] EXT4-fs (sdb): unable to read superblock
[141594.937770] EXT4-fs (sdb): unable to read superblock
[141594.938048] EXT4-fs (sdb): unable to read superblock
[141594.938335] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0x0
[141594.938337] squashfs: SQUASHFS error: unable to read squashfs_super_block

/proc/partitions 中沒有 sdb 的記錄

以下是我嘗試過的各種 gdisk 指令的輸出:

sudo gdisk
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1

Type device filename, or press <Enter> to exit: /dev/sdb
Problem reading disk in BasicMBRData::ReadMBRData()!
Warning! Read error 22; strange behavior now likely!
Warning! Read error 22; strange behavior now likely!
Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************

Command (? for help): i 
no partitions

Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 0 sectors, 0 bytes
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): ACBB4EFC-7AE9-4C9B-B804-DA09D936163D
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 18446744073709551582
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

Command (? for help): v

Problem: Disk is too small to hold all the data!
(Disk size is 0 sectors, needs to be 0 sectors.)
The 'e' option on the experts' menu may fix this problem.

Problem: GPT claims the disk is larger than it is! (Claimed last usable
sector is 18446744073709551582, but backup header is at
18446744073709551615 and disk size is 0 sectors.
The 'e' option on the experts' menu will probably fix this problem

Partition(s) in the protective MBR are too big for the disk! Creating a
fresh protective or hybrid MBR is recommended.

Identified 3 problems!

Command (? for help): x

Expert command (? for help): e
Relocating backup data structures to the end of the disk

Expert command (? for help): z
About to wipe out GPT on /dev/sdb. Proceed? (Y/N): Y
Warning! GPT main header not overwritten! Error is 28
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.

Expert command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 0 sectors, 0 bytes
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 4B3EC7B7-2E9E-4933-885C-0CF09BFBE24C
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 18446744073709551582
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

Expert command (? for help): w
Caution! Secondary header was placed beyond the disk's limits! Moving the
header, but other problems may occur!
Warning! The claimed last usable sector is incorrect! Do you want to correct
this problem? (Y/N): Y
Have adjusted the second header and last usable sector value.

Partition(s) in the protective MBR are too big for the disk! Creating a
fresh protective or hybrid MBR is recommended.

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
Unable to save backup partition table! Perhaps the 'e' option on the experts'
menu will resolve this problem.
Warning! An error was reported when writing the partition table! This error
MIGHT be harmless, or the disk might be damaged! Checking it is advisable.

我也嘗試使用Windows系統修復它。它顯示未知,未在磁碟管理中初始化。我也嘗試了 Diskpart,這裡是其下各種指令的輸出:

clean: 
DiskPart succeeded in cleaning the disk

recover: 
Virtual Disk Service error:
The disk is not initialized

convert gpt: 
Virtual Disk Service error:
The system's information about the object may not be up to date

DiskPart has referenced an object which is not up-to-date.
Refresh the object by using the RESCAN command. 
If the problem persists exit DiskPart, then restart DiskPart or restart the computer.

rescan:
Please wait while DiskPart scans your configuration...
Diskpart has finished scanning your configuration. 

convert mbr: this one didn't work as well. 

我也嘗試了 EaseUs,它無法偵測到驅動器。

非常感謝任何幫助,提前致謝。

答案1

如果您沒有明確強制 Diskpart 這樣做,它不會影響實際資料 - 您的假設是正確的,資料仍然存在。

SMART 診斷(例如,透過Ubuntu 中的Gnome-Disks 存取)將向您顯示最終的硬體故障,但Windows 似乎正在主動將資料寫入驅動器,這種情況自Windows 7 以來經常發生,因為它是運行的延遲操作當資源空閒/io 負載較低時。

此外,索引服務會以讀取/寫入模式定期重複存取驅動器,以儲存收集的元資料。如果您希望將來防止這種情況發生並希望強制立即寫入/同步,那麼您可以在下次透過 Windows 存取磁碟機時在磁碟機的硬體屬性中啟用磁碟快取。您將放棄快速刪除磁碟機的功能,並且需要透過系統匣中的裝置選擇器卸載 - 類似於 Linux 發行版中的安裝操作。

如果您希望使用基於Windows 的軟體或明確的GUI 應用程序,那麼您最好的選擇是Macrium Reflect,它可以作為應用程式安裝在Windows 內部,也可以使用其功能創建基於Windows PE 的救援系統,您可以運行類似於來自 USB 驅動器的 Linux-Live-系統。

我建議儘管使用:

測試磁碟

....這是最可靠的資料/分區恢復工具,特別是因為它不會根據它找到的可能的分區結構更改驅動器的內容,直到您決定這樣做。它沒有 GUI,但在終端機視窗中運行,並提供一種透過實際掃描磁碟機上的原始資料來掃描檔案/資料夾/分割區的輔助方法。

如果您能記住分區結構、每個分區的估計大小和位置,並且記住分區標籤的名稱,那麼您就可以識別正確的分區了。準備/掃描/分析實際上比分區結構的恢復/重建花費的時間更長。

假設您閱讀 TestDisk 文字介面中給出的手冊和螢幕說明,如果確實不是硬體故障,它將修復您的驅動器。

答案2

您使用diskpart清理磁碟並銷毀了所有資料。不好。幸運的是,只有元資料被破壞,檔案仍然存在。如果幸運的話,磁碟上可能還有備份元數據,可以透過正確的產品存取。

但永遠記住規則#1:切勿修改您要挽救的磁碟

如果您沒有備份,您現在唯一的希望就是使用復原產品。

有關此類產品的評論列表,請參閱這篇文章:
最佳免費資料恢復和檔案取消刪除實用程式

由於並非所有產品都使用相同的演算法,您可以一一嘗試。如果您設法挽救某些文件,請將它們寫入另一個磁碟,而不是您要挽救的磁碟。

我發現在類似情況下最有效的清單中的一個是 MiniTool電源資料恢復,儘管一次恢復超過 1 GB 的資料需要商業版本(69 美元)。

如果這些文件無法恢復,但對您來說很有價值,您可以聯繫商業救援公司。您需要將磁碟運送給他們,並且要注意這些服務的成本很高。因此,在選擇之前最好在網上貨比三家,核實一下服務的聲譽。

透過在網路上搜尋「資料救援」或「資料恢復」也可以找到商業產品。其中一些可以免費下載,分析磁碟是免費的,但恢復檔案可能需要付費。

答案3

這具有非軟體可修復問題的所有跡象。因此,您可以停止擺弄軟體,因為它可能只會讓事情變得更糟。

根據經驗,(實體)驅動器停止正確識別自身的那一刻具有正確的容量,您正在處理一個無法單獨使用軟體修復/解決的問題。如果根本問題是介質損壞,那麼運行軟體可能只會造成額外的損壞。如果驅動器停止以正確的容量進行 ID 識別,則 PCB 不太可能是罪魁禍首,因為此資訊主要保存在磁碟片(韌體)上,且磁碟片(韌體)可能會因媒體損壞而損壞。

根據經驗,如果驅動器旋轉,問題不在於 PCB。

如果資料很重要,此時最好的建議是尋求資料恢復專家。許多實驗室提供免費診斷。只要您避免較大的特許經營權,資料恢復服務根據定義將收取數千美元的「常識」就是一個神話。許多媒體類型問題甚至「弱」磁頭、韌體問題都可以在無需在無塵室中打開驅動器的情況下處理。通常,無塵室工作導致恢復成本高。

有時您可以嘗試從 USB 外殼中取出驅動器。這有幾個優點:

  • 可以排除外殼本身的問題。
  • 如果出現輕微讀取問題(媒體/磁頭損壞),最好將錯誤處理留給驅動器的本機接口,而不必處理額外的 USB 層。大多數 USB 橋接器在處理錯誤方面都很糟糕。例如,當連接到本機 SATA 連接埠時,複製資料時不斷掛起的 USB 隨身碟可能是可以處理的。

如今,事情往往不再那麼簡單了。

  • USB 外殼可提供/處理加密。
  • USB 外殼可以將磁碟機呈現為 4K 設備,因此它被分割區、格式化等(假設有 4K 磁區)。
  • 如果 USB 整合到驅動器的 PCB 中,無論如何它都不會輕易被繞過。

相關內容