我有兩個名為 Z-backup 和 lb 的 sh 腳本。 Z備份腳本的內容為：
#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Anacron script to run a daily backup at boot time.
exec /home/chh1/bin/lb >/dev/null 2>&1
exit
lb腳本的內容為：
#!/bin/sh
# Script to do a backup of PostgreSQL database crewdb and /home folder.
# ~/.pgpass file has been created to support pg_dump -w flag.
# The following if statement removes crewdb.backup.sql if it exists.
if [ -e /home/chh1/Dropbox/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql ]
then
rm /home/chh1/Dropbox/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql
fi >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "PostgreSQL database crewdb backed up on $(date)" >> /home/chh1
/logs/postgres_bak_log.txt
pg_dump -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres -d crewdb -w -C -F p -b -v -f
~/Dropbox/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "Home folder backed up on $(date)" >> /home/chh1
/logs/home_bak_log.txt
rsync -acu --delete --exclude-from='/home/chh1/rsync_exclude.txt' /home/
/media/chh1/f86f92f7-bcb4-4b8e-8a64-8a210606d422/home_backup/ >/dev/null
2>&1
if [ -e /media/chh1/f86f92f7-bcb4-4b8e-8a64-8a210606d422/home_backup
/chh1/Dropbox/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql ]
then
rm /media/chh1/f86f92f7-bcb4-4b8e-8a64-8a210606d422/home_backup
/chh1/Dropbox/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql
fi >/dev/null 2>&1
pg_dump -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres -d crewdb -w -C -F p -b -v -f
/media/chh1/f86f92f7-bcb4-4b8e-8a64-8a210606d422/home_backup/chh1/Dropbox
/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql >/dev/null 2>&1
exit
如果我只是在終端機中運行 lb ，腳本就會按照我想要的方式正常工作。 （運行 lb 後，我運行 echo $? 並獲得退出狀態 0）。然而，預定的 anacron 作業僅部分執行，我無法弄清楚為什麼會發生這種情況。建立日誌條目並且 rsync 命令起作用，因此主資料夾透過 anacron 備份，但不透過 pg_dump 備份。當我在 lb 中執行 pg_dump 命令並將 stderr 儲存到檔案中時，例如：
pg_dump -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres -d crewdb -w -C -F p -b -v -f
~/Dropbox/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql 2>/pg_dump_errors.txt
和
pg_dump -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres -d crewdb -w -C -F p -b -v -f
/media/chh1/f86f92f7-bcb4-4b8e-8a64-8a210606d422/home_backup/chh1/Dropbox
/postgres_backup/crewdb.backup.sql 2>/pg_dump_errors.txt
/pg_dump_errors.txt 檔案為兩個 pg_dump 命令產生相同的輸出並顯示資料庫轉儲，但沒有錯誤，例如
head pg_dump_errors.txt && tail pg_dump_errors.txt
pg_dump: last built-in OID is 16383
pg_dump: reading extensions
pg_dump: identifying extension members
pg_dump: reading schemas
pg_dump: reading user-defined tables
pg_dump: reading user-defined functions
pg_dump: reading user-defined types
pg_dump: reading procedural languages
pg_dump: reading user-defined aggregate functions
pg_dump: reading user-defined operators
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.timesheet
timesheet_date_linkid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.timesheet
timesheet_employee_functionid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.timesheet
timesheet_employeeid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work work_categoryid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work work_clientid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work work_date_linkid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work_expenses
work_expenses_date_linkid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work_expenses
work_expenses_employeeid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work_expenses
work_expenses_expense_categoryid_fkey"
pg_dump: creating FK CONSTRAINT "public.work_expenses
work_expenses_workid_fkey"
我在這裡的假設是 anacron （因為 Z-backup 中的 set -e）因此沒有執行，但不確定，因為我確實將 stderr 轉儲到 /dev/null （以磅為單位）。 lb 中的所有其他命令不會產生任何 stderr 輸出。
附加資訊
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 119 Oct 13 13:57 /etc/cron.daily/z-backup
-rwxrwxr-x 1 chh1 chh1 1279 Oct 20 17:26 /home/chh1/bin/lb
-rw------- 1 chh1 chh1 68 Oct 21 06:00 /home/chh1/.pgpass
cat .pgpass
#hostname:port:database:username:password
*:*:crewdb:*:pg#$as(
postgres=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------------- crewdb | postgres | UTF8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | =Tc/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres+ | | | | | chh1=CTc/postgres postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | =c/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | en_NZ.UTF-8 | =c/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
sudo cat /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf
# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local all postgres md5
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
local replication all peer
host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
host replication all ::1/128 md5
有誰知道為什麼這不起作用？為什麼我從 pg_dump 獲得 stderr 輸出，即使備份似乎進展順利。我非常感謝任何幫助！
答案1
.pgpass是每個用戶。執行計劃腳本的 Unix 使用者與手動測試腳本的使用者是否為相同使用者？
為什麼我從 pg_dump 獲得 stderr 輸出，即使備份似乎進展順利
因為有-v選擇。您應該刪除它，並刪除>/dev/null 2>&1導致潛在有用的錯誤訊息消失的錯誤訊息，包括在上層呼叫者中。
答案2
答案是將 pg_hba.conf 改為：
sudo grep ^[^#] /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf
[sudo] password for chh1:
local all all trust
local all all trust
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all ::1/128 md5
local replication all md5
host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
host replication all ::1/128 md5
現在 anacron 腳本可以正常工作了。