在我們的 Windows Server 2016 標準伺服器（而不是虛擬伺服器）上處理這個問題已經有一段時間了。
經常（但不限於）：
- 所有軟體安裝都停止運作
- Sage 備份停止運作
- Windows Defender 簽章更新停止運作
- Windows 停止檢查更新
- 計劃的 Windows 備份未完成
錯誤日誌中唯一相關的是錯誤代碼 1603，這似乎是一個一般錯誤。
Windows Installer installed the product. Product Name: Sage MTD for VAT. Product Version: 1.0.0.0. Product Language: 1033. Manufacturer: Sage UK Limited. Installation success or error status: 1603.
解決這個問題的唯一方法是重新啟動整個伺服器，這在生產環境中根本不是一個好的解決方案。即使這樣，症狀也會在一周內再次出現，一切都會再次停止工作。
到目前為止我有：
- 重新啟動安裝程式服務，未註冊，重新註冊多次
- 將短名稱登錄項目變更為 0
- 完成多個 Microsoft Fixit 應用程式
- 使用手動安裝程式下載手動更新 Defender，已成功完成
- 清除所有臨時資料夾
- C: 磁碟機的權限設定為 SYSTEM 完全控制
嘗試在我正在嘗試的安裝程式上啟用日誌記錄，這就是我得到的，沒有什麼明顯的：
=== Logging started: 16/12/2019 11:45:30 ===
Action 11:45:30: INSTALL.
Action start 11:45:30: INSTALL.
Action 11:45:30: CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422.
Action start 11:45:30: CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422.
Action ended 11:45:30: CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: FindRelatedProducts. Searching for related applications
Action start 11:45:30: FindRelatedProducts.
Action ended 11:45:30: FindRelatedProducts. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: AppSearch. Searching for installed applications
Action start 11:45:30: AppSearch.
AppSearch: Property: NETFRAMEWORK452, Signature: NETFRAMEWORK452
Action ended 11:45:30: AppSearch. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: LaunchConditions. Evaluating launch conditions
Action start 11:45:30: LaunchConditions.
Action ended 11:45:30: LaunchConditions. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: ValidateProductID.
Action start 11:45:30: ValidateProductID.
Action ended 11:45:30: ValidateProductID. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: CostInitialize. Computing space requirements
Action start 11:45:30: CostInitialize.
Action ended 11:45:30: CostInitialize. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: FileCost. Computing space requirements
Action start 11:45:30: FileCost.
Action ended 11:45:30: FileCost. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: CostFinalize. Computing space requirements
Action start 11:45:30: CostFinalize.
Action ended 11:45:31: CostFinalize. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:31: MigrateFeatureStates. Migrating feature states from related applications
Action start 11:45:31: MigrateFeatureStates.
Action ended 11:45:31: MigrateFeatureStates. Return value 0.
Action 11:45:31: WelcomeDlg.
Action start 11:45:31: WelcomeDlg.
Info 2898.For Font_Normal textstyle, the system created a 'Tahoma' font, in 1 character set, of 13 pixels height.
Action 11:45:31: WelcomeDlg. Dialog created
DEBUG: Error 2826: Control Title on dialog LicenseAgreementDlg extends beyond the boundaries of the dialog to the right by 20 pixels
The installer has encountered an unexpected error installing this package. This may indicate a problem with this package. The error code is 2826. The arguments are: LicenseAgreementDlg, Title, to the right
Action 11:45:32: LicenseAgreementDlg. Dialog created
Action 11:45:34: VerifyReadyDlg. Dialog created
Action ended 11:45:37: WelcomeDlg. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:37: ProgressDlg.
Action start 11:45:37: ProgressDlg.
Info 2898.For Font_Title textstyle, the system created a 'Tahoma' font, in 1 character set, of 13 pixels height.
Action 11:45:37: ProgressDlg. Dialog created
Action ended 11:45:37: ProgressDlg. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:37: ExecuteAction.
Action start 11:45:37: ExecuteAction.
Action ended 11:45:37: ExecuteAction. Return value 3.
Action 11:45:37: FatalError.
Action start 11:45:37: FatalError.
Action 11:45:37: FatalError. Dialog created
Action ended 11:45:38: FatalError. Return value 2.
Action ended 11:45:38: INSTALL. Return value 3.
Property(C): UpgradeCode = {A631EEE7-AFAF-4AFC-BFF6-48E306BE9DBB}
Property(C): NETFRAMEWORK452 = #528049
Property(C): LicenseAccepted = 1
Property(C): DesktopFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Desktop\
Property(C): ApplicationProgramsFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Sage MTD for VAT\
Property(C): dir25A241B53537CCB8AD6107CAAAD8873B = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\Sage MTD for VAT\Plugin\
Property(C): SageMTDBridge = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\Sage MTD for VAT\
Property(C): ErrorDialog = ErrorDialog
Property(C): TARGETDIR = E:\
Property(C): ProgramMenuFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\
Property(C): SystemFolder = C:\Windows\SysWOW64\
Property(C): Sage = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\
Property(C): ProgramFilesFolder = C:\Program Files (x86)\
Property(C): SourceDir = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\
Property(C): Privileged = 1
Property(C): ARPPRODUCTICON = IconMtd.ico
Property(C): ARPNOREPAIR = 1
Property(C): ARPNOMODIFY = 1
Property(C): DefaultUIFont = Font_Normal
Property(C): Manufacturer = Sage UK Limited
Property(C): ProductCode = {6F238AC4-DFD6-44BB-B79F-D25DDC6C32D2}
Property(C): ProductLanguage = 1033
Property(C): ProductName = Sage MTD for VAT
Property(C): ProductVersion = 1.0.0.0
Property(C): SecureCustomProperties = WIX_DOWNGRADE_DETECTED;WIX_UPGRADE_DETECTED
Property(C): WixPdbPath = G:\Dev\Sage 200\MTD-Main-Prod\Sources\Master\Bin\Install\Standalone\en-GB\SageMTDforVAT.wixpdb
Property(C): MergeRedirectFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\Sage MTD for VAT\
Property(C): AutoUpdateManager.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\Shared\AutoUpdateManager\
Property(C): AutoUpdateManagerVersionDir.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\Shared\AutoUpdateManager\v2\
Property(C): Shared.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\Shared\
Property(C): Sage.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\
Property(C): CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\
Property(C): VersionNT = 603
Property(C): MsiLogFileLocation = C:\installlog.log
Property(C): PackageCode = {B28DD062-35C3-4C45-9078-12E2FDBEE68C}
Property(C): ProductState = -1
Property(C): PackagecodeChanging = 1
Property(C): REBOOT = ReallySuppress
Property(C): CURRENTDIRECTORY = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads
Property(C): CLIENTUILEVEL = 0
Property(C): CLIENTPROCESSID = 20112
Property(C): MsiSystemRebootPending = 1
Property(C): VersionDatabase = 300
Property(C): VersionMsi = 5.00
Property(C): VersionNT64 = 603
Property(C): WindowsBuild = 9600
Property(C): ServicePackLevel = 0
Property(C): ServicePackLevelMinor = 0
Property(C): MsiNTProductType = 2
Property(C): WindowsFolder = C:\Windows\
Property(C): WindowsVolume = C:\
Property(C): System64Folder = C:\Windows\system32\
Property(C): RemoteAdminTS = 1
Property(C): TempFolder = C:\Users\ADMINI~1.RIG\AppData\Local\Temp\
Property(C): CommonFilesFolder = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\
Property(C): ProgramFiles64Folder = C:\Program Files\
Property(C): CommonFiles64Folder = C:\Program Files\Common Files\
Property(C): AppDataFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\
Property(C): FavoritesFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Favorites\
Property(C): NetHoodFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Network Shortcuts\
Property(C): PersonalFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Documents\
Property(C): PrintHoodFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Printer Shortcuts\
Property(C): RecentFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\
Property(C): SendToFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo\
Property(C): TemplateFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates\
Property(C): CommonAppDataFolder = C:\ProgramData\
Property(C): LocalAppDataFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Local\
Property(C): MyPicturesFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Pictures\
Property(C): AdminToolsFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools\
Property(C): StartupFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\
Property(C): StartMenuFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\
Property(C): FontsFolder = C:\Windows\Fonts\
Property(C): GPTSupport = 1
Property(C): OLEAdvtSupport = 1
Property(C): ShellAdvtSupport = 1
Property(C): MsiAMD64 = 6
Property(C): Msix64 = 6
Property(C): Intel = 6
Property(C): PhysicalMemory = 32672
Property(C): VirtualMemory = 7088
Property(C): AdminUser = 1
Property(C): MsiTrueAdminUser = 1
Property(C): LogonUser = administrator
Property(C): UserSID = S-1-5-21-3170842105-3658024141-1870963093-500
Property(C): UserLanguageID = 2057
Property(C): ComputerName = RIGI-DC
Property(C): SystemLanguageID = 2057
Property(C): ScreenX = 1600
Property(C): ScreenY = 900
Property(C): CaptionHeight = 23
Property(C): BorderTop = 1
Property(C): BorderSide = 1
Property(C): TextHeight = 16
Property(C): TextInternalLeading = 3
Property(C): ColorBits = 32
Property(C): TTCSupport = 1
Property(C): Time = 11:45:38
Property(C): Date = 16/12/2019
Property(C): MsiNetAssemblySupport = 4.8.3761.0
Property(C): MsiWin32AssemblySupport = 6.3.14393.0
Property(C): RedirectedDllSupport = 2
Property(C): MsiRunningElevated = 1
Property(C): DATABASE = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\SageMTDforVAT.msi
Property(C): OriginalDatabase = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\SageMTDforVAT.msi
Property(C): SOURCEDIR = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\
Property(C): VersionHandler = 5.00
Property(C): UILevel = 5
Property(C): ACTION = INSTALL
Property(C): EXECUTEACTION = INSTALL
Property(C): ROOTDRIVE = E:\
Property(C): CostingComplete = 1
Property(C): OutOfDiskSpace = 0
Property(C): OutOfNoRbDiskSpace = 0
Property(C): PrimaryVolumeSpaceAvailable = 0
Property(C): PrimaryVolumeSpaceRequired = 0
Property(C): PrimaryVolumeSpaceRemaining = 0
Property(C): INSTALLLEVEL = 1
=== Logging stopped: 16/12/2019 11:45:38 ===
MSI (c) (90:54) [11:45:38:889]: Product: Sage MTD for VAT -- Installation failed.
MSI (c) (90:54) [11:45:38:889]: Windows Installer installed the product. Product Name: Sage MTD for VAT. Product Version: 1.0.0.0. Product Language: 1033. Manufacturer: Sage UK Limited. Installation success or error status: 1603.
非常感謝任何建議，這讓我很頭痛！
答案1
令人難以置信的是，這竟然是列印後台處理程序導致瞭如此多的問題。 重新啟動列印後台處理程序可以解決提到的所有問題。 我無法完全解釋過去一年這給我帶來的所有頭痛。
Windows 備份停止工作，所有安裝程式停止工作，伺服器無法新增/刪除角色...我甚至修復了事件日誌中發生的每個錯誤，但每隔 3-4 天伺服器就會以這些方式停止運行。
我仍在調查問題的確切原因（因為我剛剛發現這一點），但現在我可以在發生問題時重新啟動服務。我在這裡發現了這個報告的「修復」： https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/6f728e8f-86ce-44f2-8694-6b36b2c644df/dism-error-during-server-manager-refresh?forum=ws2016
導致我出現的錯誤是：
The Deployment provider failed to initialize DISM. Error: 0x80070008