我想python2.7與 一起使用virtualenv。我最近從 debian 8 升級到python2.7debian 10 pip。pip但我還是安裝了python2.7：
$ python --version
Python 2.7.16
所以我只是pip這樣安裝：
$ cd /tmp
$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python get-pip.py
現在我可以看到我已經安裝了 pip：
$ which pip
/home/me/.local/bin/pip
$ pip --version
pip 20.0.2 from /home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)
首先，這是應該安裝 pip 的地方嗎？在我的主目錄下？我是這台電腦上的唯一用戶，但我不確定是否pip應該在/usr/share/或更公開的地方才能使其正常工作？我應該使用sudo python /tmp/get-pip.py安裝嗎pip？我不打算以 root 身分執行 python，但apt安裝總是需要 root 權限，所以也許安裝pip也應該有？文件沒有具體說明。
無論如何，接下來我嘗試更新pip到最新版本並安裝virtualenv：
$ pip install -U pip
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (20.0.2)
$ pip install virtualenv
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (15.1.0)
一切看起來都不錯。但是當我嘗試檢查virtualenv我擁有的版本時，它失敗了：
$ virtualenv --version
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 6, in <module>
from virtualenv.__main__ import run_with_catch
ImportError: No module named __main__
如果我嘗試使用virtualenv它總是會拋出這些錯誤。
總的來說，我的問題是如何在 debian 10 上正確安裝python2.7和pip。virtualenv
按照指示史蒂芬·基特在下面的答案中，我嘗試卸載之前安裝的pip和版本，但這會產生一些新錯誤。我將準確地解釋我所做的事情......virtualenvget-pip.py
首先卸載virtualenv：
$ pip uninstall virtualenv
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Found existing installation: virtualenv 15.1.0
Uninstalling virtualenv-15.1.0:
Would remove:
/home/me/.local/bin/virtualenv
/home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0.dist-info/*
/home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py
/home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/*
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled virtualenv-15.1.0
看起來不錯。然後卸載pip：
$ python -m pip uninstall pip
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Found existing installation: pip 20.0.2
Uninstalling pip-20.0.2:
Would remove:
/home/me/.local/bin/pip
/home/me/.local/bin/pip2
/home/me/.local/bin/pip2.7
/home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-20.0.2.dist-info/*
/home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/*
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2
$ pip --version
bash: /home/me/.local/bin/pip: No such file or directory
$ ls -a ~/.local/bin
. .. chardetect easy_install easy_install-2.7 flake8 pew pipenv pycodestyle pyflakes virtualenv-clone
這似乎也不錯。我不確定 bash 如何知道pip應該是什麼/home/me/.local/bin/pip，因為該文件不存在。也許 bash 有快取？無論如何，接下來安裝pip並virtualenv從 debian 10 儲存庫：
$ sudo apt install python-pip virtualenv
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3-virtualenv
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python-pip python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3-virtualenv virtualenv
但是當我嘗試檢查virtualenv我現在擁有的版本時，它失敗了：
$ virtualenv --version
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 6, in <module>
from virtualenv.__main__ import run_with_catch
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from .run import cli_run
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/run/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
from virtualenv.run.app_data import AppDataAction
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/run/app_data.py", line 8, in <module>
from virtualenv.util.lock import ReentrantFileLock
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/util/lock.py", line 11, in <module>
from virtualenv.util.path import Path
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/util/path/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from ._pathlib import Path
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/util/path/_pathlib/__init__.py", line 42, in <module>
from pathlib2 import Path
ImportError: No module named pathlib2
答案1
為了避免把事情搞砸外部virtualenvs，我建議使用打包版本：
sudo apt install python-pip virtualenv
（如果適用的話，還有python3-pipPython 3 支援）。
您可能需要刪除主目錄中安裝的pip和版本，以及外部的任何其他版本。virtualenvPATH/usr/bin
設定 virtualenvs 時，您可以指定 Python 2.7：
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 ...
並virtualenv會做正確的事。
答案2
經進一步調查討論史蒂芬·基特我發現我virtualenv的電腦上有 2 個不同的版本：
$ find /usr/ -iname "virtualenv" | grep bin
/usr/local/bin/virtualenv
/usr/bin/virtualenv
當我運行它時，其中的一個/usr/bin/virtualenv不會拋出錯誤：
$ /usr/bin/virtualenv --version
15.1.0
透過一些網路搜索，我發現其中的一個/usr/local/bin/virtualenv必須以 root 身份安裝pip。所以我以piproot 身份卸載了它：
$ sudo pip uninstall virtualenv
Uninstalling virtualenv-20.0.13:
Would remove:
/usr/local/bin/virtualenv
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv-20.0.13.dist-info/*
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv/*
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled virtualenv-20.0.13
現在一切都很好：
$ which virtualenv
/usr/bin/virtualenv
$ find /usr/ -iname "virtualenv" | grep bin
/usr/bin/virtualenv